01.2023.Questions Lecture 1
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University of California, Davis *
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Course
101
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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5
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Questions, Lecture 1
if something is wrong lemme know!
Choose the best answer.
1. Humans are
a. not numerous or powerful enough to modify nature.
b. not numerous or powerful enough to affect the climate.
c. are responsible for epidemics but not global heating.
d. the most powerful biogeophysical force on earth.
2. The Anthropocene is the epoch when
__
Humans became the most powerful biogeophysical force on earth
.________________.
3. Global heating is caused mainly by
a. only natural causes, but not humans.
b. burning fossil fuels.
c. destroying the forests.
d. disrupting ecosystems.
4. Global heating can be slowed by
a. planting trees.
b. driving less.
c. staying hydrated.
d. ceasing to burn fossil fuels.
5. Name two different abiotic consequences of global heating that are harmful to the
biosphere. i.
i.
Rising temperatures in arctic regions
ii.
Increased sea levels
6. Name two different harmful biotic consequences of global heating.
i.
F
ood web disruptions
ii.
Changes in habitat distribution and location
7. Give two threats to the biosphere and biodiversity that are unrelated directly to global heating.
i.
disease
ii.
extinction
8. Humans cause epidemics by
a. destroying forests.
b. disrupting ecosystems.
c. bringing animals into captivity.
d. all of the above.
9. Epidemic microbes have
a. come only from China.
b. come only from other places than the US.
c. come from China and India.
d. come from the US as well as many other places in the world.
10. Vaccines
a. are dangerous to infants.
b. are a conspiracy to take your freedom.
c. cause autism.
d. none of the above.
11. Vaccines
a. have saved many lives.
b. are a powerful tool of public health.
c. have probably saved the lives of multiple UCD students, parents, and
grandparents.
d. all of the above.
12. Vaccines, evolution, and global heating are a focal point of anti-science and science
denial.
T
F
13. Example of an epidemic microbe that originated in the US?
Spanish flu?
.
14. Malthus preceded Darwin and Wallace?
T
, F
15. Darwin gave Malthus the idea of exponential population growth?
T,
F
16. Malthus applied his theory to
a. All species.
b. Just vertebrates.
c. Just invertebrates
d. humans.
17. Darwin and Wallace applied Malthus’s theory to
a. All species
.
b. Just vertebrates.
c. Just invertebrates
d. humans.
18. The first edition of Malthus asserted that
a. humans would be perfectible, just as argued by Godwin and Condorcet.
b. population growth of the poor would erode gains made in productivity, “The Dismal
Theorem.”
c. death rate of humans would erode gains made in productivity.
d. death rate minus the emigration would erode gains made in productivity.
19. Most Eukaryotes reproduce
a. by nucellar budding.
b. asexually.
c. sexually.
d. not differently from Prokaryotes.
20. Most Eukaryotes have
a. one sex.
b. two sexes.
c. three sexes.
d. four sexes.
21. Exponential population growth in closed populations
a. means a constant rate of growth.
b. means that the net of births minus deaths does not change.
c. means that birth rate does not change.
d. a & b.
22. Malthus used the term “geometric population growth” which is synonymous
with a. exponential population growth.
b. growth that proceeds by a constant multiple of population size.
c. growth in which the net of births minus deaths is constant.
d. a-c.
23. Population growth can be
a. only positive.
b. positive, negative, but not zero.
c. positive, negative, or zero.
d. none of the above.
24. Write the equation for finite, discrete population growth using Nt+1, Nt, and the per capita birth
and death rates
. (2.12)
Nt+1 = Nt + Bt - Dt
Per capita: Nt+1 / Nt = 1 + b - d
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Considering births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.
25. Open populations have
a. only the first two.
b. only the first three.
c. only the last three.
d. all four.
26. Closed populations have
a. only the first two.
b. only the first three.
c. only the last three.
d. all four.
27.
Binary fission means
a. splitting in two.
b. splitting into one half.
c. splitting into three.
d. nuclear bomb!
28. The ratio of population sizes in two successive generations or time periods.
a. is the rate of population growth in the discreet model.
b. is
Rø
in the discreet model.
c. is equal to one when population growth equals zero.
d. a-c.
29. Considering per capita survival rate, s
i. s and d are complements, and sum to 1.
T
F
ii. 1=s+d.
T
F
iii.
R
ø
= 1 + b – d
2.13
, write this equation with s rather than d.
Ro = b + s
30. The term “zero population growth” (following lectures).
a. derives from the continuous model of population growth.
b. is the situation in the continuous model where the rate,
r=0. c. makes most sense in the continuous model.
d. a-c.
31. Zero population growth in the discreet model
a. refers to the ratio of population sizes in successive generations equal to 1.
b. refers to the rate
Rø
=1.
c. can be confusing in the discreet models because
Rø
= 1 not
zero.
d.
a
-c.
32. The metaphor “blue marble” means? Why was it, and still is, so evocative?
It’s the Earth when viewed from space. It describes our planet as a small, fragile,
beautiful object.
33. from 32. The metaphor blue marble derives from what famous photo, taken when, by?
The Blue Marble photo was taken by the Apollo 17 crew in 1972.