Oceanography

STV v » % < o e .. ¢ ¢ v v pealf’ < g (gl p <. (B ¥l [ " i ‘ in this lab which do youthikhes S EEE2iErsliac ks 15. Using all you have learned so far, and the background information in ) o [ on ocean water density: temperature or salinity? Why? - ey MOre an S 0. ‘\'\‘v!/(“ The femp. 08 woiter 0ffecrs the density Ok | ‘ reecns TN Nighest Thisis b the Salinty difters Ve Stigntie I o nest Sal\in ¥ «w\"\“:“l\y‘, foun a at hioher (Volay 10h +uaes)y, Wnere s ) 3 found in Mid \ahtude: re 3. 16. Using a globe or your text, draw the following currents in the appropriate colors on Figu a. Gulf Stream (red) b. North Atlantic Drift (orange) Canary (yellow) Peru (or Humboldt on old maps) (blue) o a e. North and South Equatorial (black) f. East Australian (green) u know? 17. Does the Humboldt Current supply the coast of Peru (at ~15°S) with cold water or warm water? How do yo > . \boldt Current 00eS SuvPly the Coast 0f Yerw with COWd WoHtr /G mes drom the Southuna V0! lar ‘“&'m Where Hmyrs, ore S id Cold ourrent Hlows novthward Glond flw western Loas N Cools The toasStal Woittr Cre iy Uni e mMar ¢ n for 11S. YiOh Vi0 dwersSity ¥ d.xc*\\/ WY, know? ouwn | 18. Is the North Atlantlc Drift Current bnngmg warm water or cold water to Europe7 How do you North aflantic daft brings worm WOHG 10 Eurgre b/e A1) h 10 0 “f. Gult Stream. % Quit Strcom originetes S in Quatoria) YEAN0nS. AS 1+ fravels YWrth eaStward Ql0ne Amen Gas \r Carres Warm WeHEr 40 1 Oher 19. Considering your answer to #18, how might the temperature of the North Atlantic Drift Current affect Western Europe s (e.g., England Ireland) climate given its latitude? he drifd hoS-O ummnf“fl ¢ffeot on Coastd! O(‘O\*’IC)]) 1N WeSHern Eurp? \ g, areasd Yy of\/ ’an oflr Y8gIon d 3 A i-hAade HY'S .rcuf”* by, drift increase e temp, 0F N zing in thy, Winter. of the North Atlantic Drift Current from the surface salinity map in Figure t g b0 20. What evidence'is there for the i 11? The Humboldt Current? 2. North Atlantic ant Current ter fom . the. €ast_u.S Coast Plows rorm Toward. Colde MOIE dense woder, with Salt water Coming n. F 2 b. Humboldt Current Mesh Wwotor o L L o, ALY YO YerL

é;..ctons':‘der Figure 14 and all you have learned so far about currents. Concerning his choice of routes, during which ristopher Columbus voyage did the currents likely help him the most? The least? Justify your answer. Lonceynming WS Choices 0% fo 8 v his frgt youaae (1493 o : AL et IR A Wis Gest vodoge (M42) & W 31 (1&as) ng OCea Cuavye Q i i\ Ean LUIENTS helPs i MOSE n Ny 24 Voyage N WS 2rd Vougs J ‘ | ! \ wn Y0st 0Cean Arrent neitVi oy Ny fir",flu Yv, DAY A2oeS & Conoru Curents ¥ thon he Sails With the Norh ient ¢ en witn Yhe e ne o buiono Garend ! A h\noon ‘N r‘yol,‘ftf\ f‘Yri*‘|a’() — O Figure 14: Westward voyages HBa;" 4 N of Christopher Columbus. . i 7,,' A 3 RN Misn"ss::‘ppr Saint Lawrence s - River va\er / NORTH - g AMERICA of ATLANTIC ) { OCEAN < < 1492-1493 Gulf of Mexico AFRICA PACIFIC 2 OCEAN SOUTH R St 1 AMERICA == ! 12 Britonnico, Inc. m,-'"¥_//,'/_‘/{(/ Rk 0 500 1,000 kilometers. 13

Step 7: Observe the a Step 8: Clean up th PParatus for several minutes and write down your observations in Question 7 below. P the apparatus; your instructor will tell you where to put it. 7. Write down your observations: Ar R - ISt the Cold Water was ot the 107 ¢ J, Warm woker Was on + AT g VR0 H(]Hr /\\ e, fS(?‘f ‘{\m[lur W10 Y ()W(’fi‘rfl@‘(\-\; flu WM Wokor S\(‘,\{,uhg Moves u? & Y Loid wokr Woves 16 e bottom 8. Explain what is going on in this experiment and why. The, told Wokr hos & higher den Z‘WX COmTared 46 WL Worm woter S less dense . This is Why e Worm Wafer 1S Niogner thon e Cotd worer. Experiment 2: Salinity A Materials Needed: Be sure to read each step in this experiment before beginning. —m(sa]t-sat\nated) - - Solution B (20% salt-saturated) 5—1'. . > ¢ - Two test tubes tep 1: Fill a graduated cylinder with 80 mL of room temperature - Stopwatch - Vegetable dye taj ter. = P - 100 mL Graduated cylinder Step 2: Fill a test tube half-full with Solution A (salt-saturated solution). Step 3: Add 2-3 drops of dye to the test tube. Place your thumb over the end of the test tube and invert the test tube several times to distribute the dye. (Be sure to wash your thumb before touching anything!) Step 4: Slowly pour the contents of the test tube into the graduated cylinder. Using a stopwatch, record th for the leading edge of the dyed water from your test tube to reach the bottom of the graduated cylinder. e time it takes Step 5: Record your time results in Table 1, Row A: Timed Trial #1. Step 6: Empty and clean both the graduated cylinder and the test tube. Step 7: Repeat steps 1-6 and record your time results in Table 2, Row A: Timed Trial #2. Part 2: Step 1: Fill a graduated cylinder with 80 mL of room temperature tap water. Step 2: Fill a test tube half-full with Solution B (20% saltwater solution). Step 3: Add 2-3 drops of dye to the test tube. Place your thumb over the end of the test tube and invert the test tube several times to distribute the dye. (Be sure to wash your thumb before touching anything!) Step 4: Slowly pour the contents of the test tube into the graduated cylinder. Using a stopwatch, record the time it takes for the leading edge of the dyed water from your test tube to reach the bottom of the graduated cylinder. Step 5: Record your time results in Table 1, Row B: Timed Trial #1. Step 6: Empty and clean both the graduated cylinder and the test tube. Step 7: Repeat steps 1-6 and record your time results in Table 1, Row B: Timed Trial #2. Step 8: Compute the averages of the two timed trials for A and B and record in Table 1. 9

Its 1: Salinity-Density Experiment Resu : T ™ e T T s|4.90 Second hink this is the p i why do you't 9. Based on your experiment, which solution would you say has a higher density? Logically, it iU/ c:se? | A ) hiqha aensity Than Solution B WO > olutlon A NhaS A he c N A Sonk 1Sty 10. Consider Figure 11. (And you may want to consult Figure 1 of the Streams Lab) What is the dominant process that accounts for the surface salinity — values measured? a. At the Equator? : hg Q } Nnto 2 e \ J o —— >) i ) ~ — 0 AN G 2 — 60 A The 0 ha b. At the Tropics (23.5° N and S)? > i ~ . : = 4 < e Surfs e Naly +1 120y | Figure 11: Ocean surface salinity map (salinity in parts per thousand). J Y rofic’S 1S 0PPr oximote)ly -35-31 Parts. Yor tousand 1n otlantc < Pac £ o2 § S A o R S : : n. The Yeason for hian Solimyu 1S due 10 \\'O;\W evatorohon < 158 yoirer leave s Brom Surface W Lorm "MoCintati on . Due 10 evoprah 04 o g ~ | ! oYour thuS MCreasina Salinity, J \ Y 11. Consider Figure 12 on the next page. What could account for the low surface salinity in the northern Gulf of Mexico? The N0ANern Porteof e Gpd 1S Showin YL SN v 30 ok 34 Yorts Cx /T' (/L/‘_ ono /“ S \ S ’:\UQ 4‘(\ ey S \‘Rfi )l\f\J\, /l\\/\“‘»gy:fl N %% LUH?C‘) nove their Mouth in e, Guik of mexicor These rivers A\SOViarge § oxoe omount 0f Crearn woder 0 W Norterin Pact 68 A ‘ Cvi i Anye 4f il 1 B> o gv 5 G ) ue 10 WniCh YW Surtace ,i\\n\*U\) delreases 10

€ viw o omowow _ - '.SHI"J‘:verlfl'!“:nn,lgp,'rg;::rr- — B L B T S AV oy AU R B B BN e E s MW . PR .M g 0 W s 21 TR B R [ B B CEET N VR NN " oW 14 ¥ RO e LER Vel w 2 A o 3 wv.a MW oMY Wowig N 9 e d ) b hr SN U A r that RO i B ] ely fiat. Conside . WA ey that the boundaries between oceans are Ia;gArvctlc rodiytath fth is L %o principal oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, an . 021 09 £09 2 Applying Your Knowl - 021 ong ago,” scientists giq unofficially identified — the Southe:"\“ principally delineated by the A:Q Convergence, 2 region of northward m cold water from the melting Antarctic ice \ny 2 Ry southward moving warm water from g Atlantic, pacific, “not that | and Indian Oceans (Figure 2). primarily, the nomenclature of bodies of water reflects cultural preferences and the priority given to first discoveries. If the name becomes part of a cultural lexicon, it will continue, regardless of whether the name is technically accurate. (The Gulf of Mexico could easily be considered a sea in its own right! In fact, many countries argue that the Persian Gulf should be renamed the Arabian Gulf...) y are called, knowledge Regardless of what the f particular features of of the actual location of the world sets 2 paseline for important geography applicable to many classes and s a first entry into the world of serves a e for discussions oceanography, setting the stag of ocean currents, thermohaline circulation, and plate tectonic evolution. 1. On Figure 3 label the following important bodies of water (with names or letters): 4. Atlantic Ocean B. Pacific Ocean ¢. Indian Ocean d. Arctic Ocean é. Caribbean Sea . Mediterranean Sea g.Sea of Japan K. Gulf of Mexico i. Black Sea j. Caspian Sea K. Bering Sea )’. Persian Gulf 7. Red Sea . Hudson Bay 0. North Sea Part Thri ructure of the n Floor If the oceans are so deep, how do we study them? Your text lists a number of ways including rock dredges, seafloor drilling and We Con MOV & MeasSue - The &(\\J\\O\“nf‘y i 'JC The m\C(O'Z scopi e Sea lke. AWO with the he? ol dece?- diving \JLSSels.