Lab #3 ES
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Arizona State University *
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Geography
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Dec 6, 2023
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Ben Welling LAB 3: SEISMIC HAZARDS
100 points
Due at the beginning of next week’s lab meeting time.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lab, you will be able to
1.
Understand hazards associated with earthquakes
2.
Identify seismic wave signals in a seismograph
3.
Use a seismogram to identify an earthquake epicenter
LAB 3: EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARDS
[100 pts]
Name: ___Ben Welling__
Section: _________Section 005_______
In this lab, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake that occurred in the San Francisco area and calculate its magnitude using seismograms from 3 recording stations, included after the lab questions. The x-axes of the seismograms are in seconds, like in Figure 1. 1a) Identify the arrival times for P- and S-waves in the seismograms. Calculate P-wave/S-wave intervals by subtracting the arrival times and enter the intervals into the table below. [10 pts]
1b) Enter the maximum seismic wave amplitude of each station into the table below. [10 pts]
1c) Using the graph of time versus distance, identify the distance from each station to the epicenter, and enter them into the table below. [15 pts]
Recording station
S-P Interval (seconds)
Amplitude (mm)
Distance from epicenter
(km)
Eureka, CA
50
260
500
Las Vegas, NV
65
100
640
Elko, NV
70
55
700
1d) Go to www.iris.edu/app/triangulation
. Use the “+Station” function to input the latitude, longitude, and distance from epicenter of each of the recording stations above. Take a screenshot and insert it here. [15 pts]
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Ben Welling 1e) Where is the location of the epicenter? [10 pts]
The Location of the epicenter is in the Sacramento, CA to Reno, NV area 2) Draw a straight line (using your laptop or tablet’s draw tool) on the nomogram from distance to amplitude for each recording station. They should all intersect on the “Magnitude” axis. Put a checkmark here when complete. [10 pts]
3) What is the magnitude (Richter scale) of this earthquake? [10 pts]
Magnitude is a 7.0 4) Would you rather have been visiting San Francisco or Los Angeles during this earthquake? Why? [10 pts]
I would rather be in Los Angeles because it is only in one of the earthquake areas, Rather than San Francisco because it is located in all three areas.
5) Open the USGS Latest Earthquakes Map
. What is the location, date, and magnitude of the most recent earthquake? [10 pts]
Southeast of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan occurred on September 11, 2023, and the Magnitude was a 4.5.
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Ben Welling 3
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Ben Welling Figure 2. Nomogram for calculating the Richter Magnitude of an earthquake (left), and a graph of the relationship between the S-P interval time and the distance represented by the time interval (right), based on the difference in velocity between P- and S- waves. The nomogram example (dashed line) shows that an earthquake 100 km away from a station that recorded a maximum amplitude of 1 mm would have measured a magnitude 3 earthquake on the Richter Scale.
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