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Florida State University *
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Course
3020
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
2
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SYD 3020
Assignment 4
Urban growth during COVID-19
As you’ve learned in this module, early cities were remarkably unhealthy places, with higher
death rates and lower birth rates than the surrounding countryside. With the development of
public health infrastructure, cities became less unhealthy places to live and urban populations
today are generally healthier than rural populations because health-related resources—from
hospitals and doctors to high-quality grocery stores and social services—are concentrated in
urban places. The COVID-19 pandemic appeared to change this balance, as early in the
pandemic, illness and deaths were higher in cities than outside them. In this assignment, you’ll
learn about patterns of urban growth and decline in the United States during the “peak
pandemic” year of 2020 – 2021.
Step 1.
Read William Frey’s report, “
New Census Data shows a huge spike in movement out of
big metro areas during the pandemic
,” filed on the Brookings Institute web site, on April
14,2022.
Step 2.
Answer these questions, based on the text and figures in Dr. Frey’s report:
•
Dr. Frey begins his report with a description of the national context, observing that the
U.S. experienced a historically low rate of population growth between July 2020 and July
2021.
o
What share of U.S. counties experienced natural
decrease
over this period?
o
Net international migration has added upwards of 1 million people annually for
several decades. About how many people were added through net international
migration during the peak pandemic year?
•
Dr. Frey defines major metropolitan areas as those with populations of at least 1 million.
What were the annual growth rates for the 2020-2021 year for major metropolitan
areas? Other (smaller) metros? Non-metropolitan areas?
•
It’s not unusual for major metropolitan areas to experience population losses in
response to economic shifts, but the pandemic was different.
o
How many of the nation’s 56 major metropolitan areas lost population during
the peak pandemic year? How does this compare to the previous year (July 2019
– July 2020)?
o
What three major metros experienced the greatest numeric losses? What three
experienced the greatest gains?
•
Dr. Frey looks at three drivers of urban change: net domestic (i.e., internal) migration,
net international migration, and natural increase. Which of these had the drivers had
the greatest demographic impact?
o
Describe the trend line for net domestic migration to each of the following:
major metropolitan areas; other metropolitan areas; non-metropolitan areas.
o
What happened to the rate of out-migration from major metropolitan areas
during the peak pandemic year? In what two cities was this change most
noticeable?
o
In how many of the 56 major metros was net international migration lower in
2020 – 2021 than in 2019 – 2020?
o
How many of the major metro areas experienced natural decreases during the
peak pandemic year?
•
Dr. Frey’s analysis also looks within the 56 major metropolitan areas to consider urban
core counties and suburban counties separately. What happened to these two county
types?
o
How many of the 48 urban core counties declined in size during the peak
pandemic year? What was the major driver of this decline?
•
The final section of Dr. Frey’s report speculates about whether the nation’s major
metropolitan areas will experience further decline in coming years, identifying the
migration decisions of late millennials and Gen Z as key. What do you think? Has the
pandemic changed your feelings about living in a major metropolitan area?
Step 3.
Click on Assignment 4 in your Canvas to-do list (or use the link in the Module 7
instructions). The assignment portal will open. You will be asked to answer
four
of the
questions above, with the answers provided in multiple-choice format. You will have
five
minutes
to enter your responses so find your answers before opening the portal.
Your preview ends here
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