Middle Eastern Urbanization: Key Questions and Insights

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 1/18 1 / 1 pts Question 1 What city has emerged as the first in the MENA region to achieve metacity status? Tehran Jerusalem Cairo Istanbul 1 / 1 pts Question 2 Which one of these statements about the historical geography of Middle Eastern and North African cities is incorrect ? Petrodollars gave the region’s cities a developmental edge over those in other parts of the world. Cities evolved around the well, the house of worship, and the marketplace. Urbanism as a way of life originated in the region. The relative location of the region made its cities centers of trade and commerce. 1 / 1 pts Question 3 Ur and Uruk were:

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 2/18 city-states that served economic and defense functions. among the first true cities in world history. located in the Fertile Crescent. all of the above. 1 / 1 pts Question 4 What is the general relationship between urbanization and civilization? Civilization preceded urbanization. Urbanization preceded civilization. None of the above. They evolved hand in hand. 1 / 1 pts Question 5 Which one of the following countries does not have an urban tradition that dates back several millennia? Turkey Iraq Syria United Arab Emirates

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 3/18 1 / 1 pts Question 6 The “quarters” that developed within the old walled cities of the Middle East: mimicked the security and social cohesiveness of the village. continue to be walled and gated sub-units of the city. were defined exclusively on religious lines. developed because of differences in income, wealth, and class. 1 / 1 pts Question 7 Which of these features are least likely to be found in the medina of a Middle Eastern or North African city? wells open courtyards parking lots narrow streets 1 / 1 pts Question 8 What is the relationship between the kasbah and the medina in a city like Rabat? They are both names for the ancient walled city. The kasbah is located inside the medina. The medina is located inside the kasbah.

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11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 4/18 The kasbah is the old city and the medina is the new city. 1 / 1 pts Question 9 If you were running a transect of a Middle Eastern city from the old city center to the urban expansion zone, one of your conclusions might be that: non-motorized vehicles still predominate in both old city and new city. the well-to-do are abandoning the old city. multi-story apartment blocks are not yet that common. the old city displays logo-laden chain stores and franchises. 1 / 1 pts Question 10 Arab cities in the Gulf region are characterized by: working populations from South Asia, Europe, and the U.S. a large amount of green space supported by revenues from oil production. modern buildings incorporating traditional architectural themes. all of the above. 1 / 1 pts Question 11 Many Arab cities in the Gulf Region are becoming transactional nodes for the world economy. All of these are examples of activities in transactional nodes except :

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 5/18 banking services, such as those found in Dubai or Manama. trade entrepôts, such as cities importing cars or electronics, and then exporting them into Central Asia. oil production, as can be found in nearby onshore and offshore fields. media production, such as Al Jazeera’s headquarters in Qatar. 1 / 1 pts Question 12 Damascus and Aleppo. Sana’a and Aden. Tripoli and Benghazi. These city pairs illustrate: some countries’ need for a summer capital. classic examples of urban primacy. the rank-size rule. rival urban cores within a single country. 1 / 1 pts Question 13 Istanbul, Tehran, and Cairo are: capital cities. the anchors of MENA’s urban triangle. Arabic-speaking cities. all of the above.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 6/18 1 / 1 pts Question 14 Which one of the following elements of the built environment does not promote cooling and temperature control in traditional Middle Eastern cities? Dark-colored, low-albedo building materials are frequently used. Streets are narrow and may be fully or partially covered. Fountains draw upon cool ground water to chill the air in small spaces. Vines and trees in courtyards retard heat absorption. 1 / 1 pts Question 15 Which one of the following elements of the built environment of traditional Middle Eastern cities is not a design element that promotes privacy? Locks on windows and doors are used day and night. Wooden latticework is used to screen windows. Windows in homes are small and above eye level. Doors on opposite sides of the street are staggered. 1 / 1 pts Question 16 Inside cities across the Middle East and North Africa, one can find souks. Which of these statements best defines a souk ?

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11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 7/18 a large building where communal water supplies were cooled and pumped into the city along a series of pipes and canals a traditional market where vending stalls are functionally organized around specific goods and services a private neighborhood where parts of an extended family have their own houses a large open-air plaza in the center of the city, often dedicated to historical figures 1 / 1 pts Question 17 Cairo is the headquarters of the League of Arab States. Cairo’s relative locational advantage for this purpose is exemplified by the city’s: position between the western and eastern halves of the Arab world. position near the Mediterranean Sea, allowing European leaders to appear as guests during League meetings. access to lots of undeveloped desert space, allowing the construction of a major international airport and League of Arab States facilities. proximity to a major deep-water port, allowing easy accessibility. 1 / 1 pts Question 18

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 8/18 The Nile Delta is fertile farmland now under threat from the expansion of Cairo. What is one way this issue has been addressed? Local activists have coordinated with the city government to redirect development to the south. The Egyptian government has built a wall along the northern edge of Cairo, restricting movement towards the delta. The Egyptian government has built nearby satellite cities in the desert east and west of Cairo. Local farmers have taken to torching and destroying new developments, forcing developers to look elsewhere. 1 / 1 pts Question 19 “The presence of distinct historical landmarks and older settlements separated by 20th century sprawl”: This description suggests that Cairo conforms, at least in part, to the: sector city model. concentric ring model. multiple nuclei model. inverse concentric zone model. 1 / 1 pts Question 20

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 9/18 What city served as an imperial capital for an almost record-setting 1600 years under Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans? Cairo Istanbul Tehran Alexandria 1 / 1 pts Question 21 Istanbul: was converted from a Christian city to a Muslim city under the Ottomans. has been overtaken by Ankara as the leading city of Turkey. lies on the Dardanelles, the key water route between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. anticipates building its first Metro line within the next ten years. 1 / 1 pts Question 22 Which one of the following does not describe an environmental issue faced by Tehran? water shortages and depleted aquifers poor air quality caused by inversion layers trapping pollution major fault lines causing earthquakes

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11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 10/18 rising sea levels as a result of climate change 1 / 1 pts Question 23 Iran’s geopolitical isolation has caused Tehran: to become an internationally significant transactional node regardless of its isolation. to shrink as residents have moved to border cities for access to international services. to develop a completely unique form of urban planning due to isolation from international norms. not to be ranked as a world city on par with Cairo or Istanbul. 1 / 1 pts Question 24 The cultural landscape within the walls of old Jerusalem includes sites that are sacred to: Jews. Jews, Muslims, and Christians. Jews, Muslims, Christians, and Yazidis. Jews and Muslims.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 11/18 1 / 1 pts Question 25 Which one of these statements about Jerusalem is incorrect ? West Jerusalem is very Jewish and East Jerusalem is very Arab. East Jerusalem is largely Arab except for the “settlements.” It occupies an attractive site and strategic location. It began as a hill town near the southern tip of the western Fertile Crescent. 1 / 1 pts Question 26 Mecca’s core is dominated not by a Central Business District, but by a: “Central Religious District” anchored by the Great Mosque. “Central Cultural District” anchored by the Museum of Islam. “Central Gateway District” anchored by the Mecca International Airport. “Central Historical District” anchored by Muhammed’s home. 1 / 1 pts Question 27 Mecca experiences seasonal fluctuations in its population because of: Muslim pilgrims entering the city for the hajj. nomadic shepherds driving their livestock into market.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 12/18 residents moving into the mountains outside the city to escape the summer heat. temporary workers seeking construction jobs during the cooler winter. 1 / 1 pts Question 28 Dubai has: had very little cultural or economic influence despite its relatively large size. historically been small, experiencing large amounts of growth only recently. always been a large and influential city on the Gulf. had a history as a major manufacturing center in the Arab world. 1 / 1 pts Question 29 The population of Dubai is remarkable in that: about 90% are Emiratis because the government works hard to restrict immigration by denying residency permits. only about 10% are local Emiratis; the rest are mostly immigrants from other Arab countries. children of migrants, including second and third generation South Asians, are automatically granted Emirati citizenship.

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11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 13/18 only about 10% are local Emiratis; the rest are foreign migrants, or their descendants, from across the globe. 1 / 1 pts Question 30 Part of the strategy in Dubai’s development has been the implementation of megaprojects, iconic architecture, and spaces of luxury. All of these are examples of such development except : man-made islands in the shape of palm trees and the world map. a large shopping mall with an indoor ski slope. the tallest building in the world. a series of art museums, known as dhows, featuring traditional Arab and Muslim art. 1 / 1 pts Question 31 Access to fresh water in the Middle East and North Africa is: not an issue because the region experiences frequent rains from storms off the nearby seas. not an issue because recent studies have shown that aquifers in the region are still recharging faster than they are used. an issue due to a lack of sustainable management and increasing pressures on resources.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 14/18 an issue only for a few specific cities such as Sana’a; most other cities in MENA have sustainable access to fresh water. 1 / 1 pts Question 32 Climate change is a threat to the Middle East and North Africa. What is the impact of urban design on changing climate? It can either mitigate the effects of climate change through sustainable “best practices,” or worsen the effects through poor design. It can help alleviate climate change, but it is still more costly to adapt to climate change than it is to recover from climate disaster events. All of the above. It can reduce the urban heat-island effect by utilizing asphalt paving materials and concrete to capture excess heat. 1 / 1 pts Question 33 Conflict and instability has led to forced migration within the Middle East and North Africa. Which of the following statements best describes the situation of involuntary migrants in the region? None of the above. MENA is home to very few international refugees or internally displaced people.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 15/18 MENA is home to a large number of international refugees and internally displaced people. Very few refugees from MENA stay in the region, preferring countries in Europe or East Asia. 1 / 1 pts Question 34 They are called gecekondu in Istanbul and ashwaiyyat in Cairo. What are they? areas of informal housing, often built on the urban periphery small, often walled, enclaves of skilled foreign workers typically from abroad large high-rise luxury housing tracts built by developers investing in the region tracts of government-built housing, often constructed with cutting edge technology 1 / 1 pts Question 35 Facets of the housing problem in cities of the Middle East and North Africa include: an ongoing reduction in public housing availability. the emergence of informal housing. all of the above. finding affordable housing for the middle class.

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11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 16/18 1 / 1 pts Question 36 Tourism plays a major role in Middle Eastern and North African economics. Which of the following statements does not exemplify tourism’s impact on cities in the region? Portions of cities are being developed for tourists, while residents live in their own separate sections. Abandoned historical cities and sites such as Petra, Ephesus, and Carthage are being revitalized for tourists. Cities such as Sharm El Sheikh are experiencing urban growth from coastal tourism. Cities are being bulldozed to make way for nature preserves such as in the Imlil Valley or Cappadocia. 1 / 1 pts Question 37 Studying public art in the urban landscape allows the viewer insight into: all of the above. aesthetics, traditions, and histories of the city and its people. identities, values, and perspectives of local artists and communities. political opinions of both protesters and governments.

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 17/18 1 / 1 pts Question 38 What is the status of green space in Beirut? Green space is limited in acreage but accessible to all. Green space is gradually replacing parking lots. There is an average of 0.8 square meters of green space per person. Green space per person has grown to meet the World Health Organization’s standard. 1 / 1 pts Question 39 What word is used most often to describe the physical structure of Middle Eastern cities as exemplified by Baghdad in the 1930s? open single-story polycentric cellular 1 / 1 pts Question 40 Gendered space prevails at the holiest site in Judaism’s holiest city. In front of what structure in Jerusalem would you find men praying on the left and women praying on the right?

11/27/23, 5:38 PM URBS 350 C07- Chapter 7 assignment: Jack Stauber https://canvas.csun.edu/courses/121603/assignments/1328672/submissions/225581 18/18 Haram al-Sharif King David’s Tower Western Wall Dome of the Rock Quiz Score: 40 out of 40

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