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EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn Which of the following responsibilities for the environment is shared between both the provincial and federal governments? A. Fisheries B. Environmental assessments C. Nuclear activities D. Drinking water B. Environmental assessments Feedback: Environmental assessments, the requirement to lay out a plan before starting any project and show how the potential impact on the environment will be minimized, are partially shared between both the provincial and federal governments. Which of the following was not a strategy used by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration to limit soil erosion in the prairies? A. Establishing shelterbelts of trees to limit wind erosion across farmland B. Creating a reliable water supply for farmers in the area C. Fining farmers for mismanaging their land D. Establishing experimental farms to study the process of soil erosion and develop ways to limit it C. Fining farmers for mismanaging their land Feedback:The PFRA created experimental farms, undertook con- struction to provide more reliable access to water and gave out free tree seedlings as part of their efforts to reduce soil erosion. After the Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987, approximately how long did it take until CFCs reached their PEAK concentration (parts per thousand) in the atmosphere? A. 2-3 years B. 5-6 years C. 10-12 years D. 1-2 years B. 5-6 years Feedback:Peak concentrations occurred at the beginning of 1993, approximately 5.5 years after the agreement was signed. Why was the removal of HADD (harmful alternation disruption or destruction of fish habitat) from the Fisheries Act potentially problematic? A. There was less of a barrier for large infrastructure projects to destroy fish habitat (e.g., mining tailing ponds). B. It meant that commercial fish no longer had their habitats protected. C. Fish that were used in recreational fishing no longer had their habitats protected. A. There was less of a barrier for large infrastructure projects to destroy fish habitat (e.g., mining tailing ponds). Feedback:Removal of the HADD hypothetically cleared the way for major infrastructure projects to damage or destroy fish habitat for many species. What are some of the reasons maximum sustainable yield (MSY) can be difficult to estimate? A. Under-reported catch data B. Changes in fish size due to fishing C. All of the above D. Changing environmental conditions C. All of the above Feedback:Each of these issues can be a problem when trying to estimate MSY for wild fish populations What did the environmental non-governmental organization, Pol- lution Probe, divert from local landfills to reduce waste? A. Phone books B. Plastic bottles C. Newsprint D. Tin cans A. Phone books Feedback:Pollution Probe started out by diverting phonebooks from residential homes and collecting them with the help of vol- unteers. Which of the following best describes climate dividends? A. The revenue from the carbon tax is used to stop future emis- sions by developing clean energy projects. B. The revenue from the carbon tax is given back to citizens as per-capita dividends. C. The revenue is used to fund lower extraction emissions from the oil and gas industry. A. The revenue from the carbon tax is used to stop future emis- sions by developing clean energy projects. Feedback:Climate dividends are focused on returning money to citizens. The idea is that you still make carbon-friendly decisions at the store because prices are higher, but you'll eventually get a portion of that money back later on. 1 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn D. The revenue from the tax is put into an endowment fund to generate income for future climate adaption projects. In terms of total weight, what is the biggest aquaculture commod- ity globally? A. Silver carp B. Japanese kelp C. Cod D. Tilapia B. Japanese kelp Feedback: Japanese kelp - Laminaria japonica - is currently the largest aquaculture product by weight globally. Alginates are har- vested from algae for a diverse range of products ranging from toothpaste to beers! What is golden rice and which company/environmental sector is developing it now? A. Golden rice is a genetically modified crop that produces biofuels for clean car technology. It is owned and being developed by a consortium of international car manufacturers. B. Golden rice is a herbicide resistant form of rice that allows farmers to increase yields by applying larger doses of pesticides. It was created by Monsanto. C. Golden rice is a genetically modified crop that produces vitamin A. It is owned and developed by the non-profit industry. D. Golden rice is genetically modified to grow rice more quickly. It is owned by Bayer Plant Sciences. C. Golden rice is a genetically modified crop that produces vitamin A. It is owned and developed by the non-profit industry. Feedback: Golden rice is specifically designed to increase the intake of Vitamin A. After it was developed, it was handed over to the non-profit industry to help meet nutritional requirements in developing countries. What are lumpfish used for in the aquaculture industry? A. They are used as fish feed for more valuable species. B. Lumpfish are fast-growing species and they are a model species for genetically modified salmon. C. Lumpfish are used as a biological control mechanism to remove lice from infected salmon. D. Lumpfish feed on seaweed to keep the aquaculture areas clean. C. Lumpfish are used as a biological control mechanism to remove lice from infected salmon. Feedback: Lumpfish are being used as a biological control agent for sea lice in the ocean. The idea is that you can avoid using chemical treatments by having lumpfish feed on the sea lice. The Green Revolution was associated with: A. The rise of urban and organic farming in cities B. The introduction of composting to limit food waste C. Massive increases in agricultural productivity caused by the use of fertilizers and pesticides D. The introduction of genetically engineered crops to improve nutrition C. Massive increases in agricultural productivity caused by the use of fertilizers and pesticides Feedback: The Green Revolution was a time period when irri- gation, fertilization and pesticides were increased to boost crop yields; however, these measures had unintended consequences on the environment. What best describes the concept of food miles? A. The caloric content of food consumed converted to equivalent number of miles that could be walked (e.g., a beef burger = 1.6 miles) B. The relative land use of agriculture in a given area (e.g., 7% in Canada) C. The number of miles that a food item travels from its production area to its eventual consumption D. The number of miles of continuous land parcels for a crop C. The number of miles that a food item travels from its production area to its eventual consumption Feedback: Food miles are the number of miles a food item travels before it arrives on your plate. Foods with high food miles typically have larger ecological footprints and therefore there is a large push to encourage near-sourcing or eating local to reduce envi- ronmental impacts. What was the average (mean) count of sea lice on the fish YOU counted? A. 5.9 B. 3.1 C. 4.4 D. 6.3 C. 4.4 Feedback: The mean number of salmon on the fish you counted was 4.4, which is 0.6 more than the lice from the industry official. At this point, we could run some statistical tests to tell us whether or not the difference between the two counts was significantly different. If the government count is significantly higher, then we 2 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn the environment D. Non-point sources are come directly from car emissions What did researchers think caused the 2011 algal bloom in Lake Erie? A. A large release of mercury from a paper plant factory B. Run-off from soybean and maize fields in combination with calm weather patterns C. Increased levels of phosphorous caused by over-use of laundry detergents D. Increases in carbon content into the water B. Run-off from soybean and maize fields in combination with calm weather patterns Feedback: Michalak et al. (2013) determined that the bloom was caused by a combination of: Agricultural run-off mainly derived from maize (corn) and soy fields field surrounding Lake Erie In- creased precipitation increased precipitation helped transfer fer- tilizers from agricultural fields into waterways and eventually into the lake Calm wind conditions meant that the nutrients had time to build up and the bloom had time to grow as well. Agricultural runoff was the main underlying driver, but it was exacerbated by the presence of favourable environmental conditions. What do waste water treatment plants add the sewage effluent (water leaving the plant) to reduce the phosphorous load? A. Bacteria B. Ferric solution C. Increased nitrogen to rebalance the nitrogen to phosphorous ratio D. Ash from the sludge that has been burned B. Ferric solution Feedback: Ferric solution binds to free phosphorous and captures it before it is released into the environment. Which of the following is most consistent with an adaptation response to climate change? A. Building sea walls to hold back rising sea levels B. Reducing commute times to reduce greenhouse gases C. Flaring off methane gases at the landfill to reduce methane emissions D. Developing new environmental laws to limit mercury pollution A. Building sea walls to hold back rising sea levels Feedback: In order to adapt to rising sea levels, we will need to either protect the shores that we have currently (e.g., sea walls) or alternatively, retreat from those areas. Which industry polluted the English-Wabigoon river system with mercury? A. Pulp and paper B. Phosphorous production C. Coal mining D. Energy production A. Pulp and paper Feedback: The plant used mercury in their bleaching processes and it was then dumped into the river system. What is the purpose of UV lights at the wastewater treatment plants? A. It destroys any extra bacteria in the water effluent (the water that is leaving the plant). B. It warms the water to a higher temperature to stop temperature shock when it is released into the river. C. It helps remove phosphorous from the water D. It breaks down any grease that is left in the water column. A. It destroys any extra bacteria in the water effluent (the water that is leaving the plant). Feedback: The UV lights destroy any biological contaminants in- cluding bacteria and viruses. Which international body helps administer the Minamata conven- tion? A. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change B. United Nations Environmental Program C. The Montreal Protocol D. World Bank B. United Nations Environmental Program Feedback: The United Nations helps administer the Minamata Convention, which aims to reduce mercury pollution globally. Stafford and Jones contrast two ideas about how plastic pollution will affect behaviour: "gateway" and "complacency". In the "gate- way" view of plastic pollution, concern about plastic pollution will 4 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn lead to what? A. Lifestyle and policy changes that will reduce other environmen- tal issues (e.g., climate change) B. Devastating and toxic effects of plastic consumption by humans C. Continued consumerist over-consumption D. Large increases in the amount of plastic pollution by using alternative products that are more damaging to the environment A. Lifestyle and policy changes that will reduce other environmen- tal issues (e.g., climate change) Feedback: The "gateway" idea is that reducing your plastic con- sumption will lead to greater changes in other aspects of your life that will help mediate things like climate change. What best describes the argument (made by Stafford and Jones) that plastic is a "convenient" truth? A. The focus on plastic is causing other, more pressing, environ- mental issues to be ignored. B. It is very easy for the public to ignore problems with plastic pollution C. Plastic pollution is a problem that can be easily solved with technology alone (e.g., Ocean Cleanup) D. Even though plastic pollution has been acknowledged as a problem, there have been almost no policies put in place to limit plastic pollution A. The focus on plastic is causing other, more pressing, environ- mental issues to be ignored. Feedback: The idea that plastic is a convenient truth is under- pinned by the thought that it is distracting from other more pressing problems. People feel like they are contributing to solving environ- mental issues, to the detriment of other more urgent issues that will have a greater ecological impact. From the course notes, what did McIntosh et al. (2018) determine about the banning of single-use plastic bags in Australia? A. The ban effectively reduced the number of single use plastic bags, but the transfer to heavier reusable plastic bags meant that the overall amount of plastic decreased by only a small amount. B. Single-use plastic bags were sourced from the black market and use did not decline. C. Australian citizens started using heavy reusable plastic bags as if they were single-use plastic bags causing the total amount of plastic produced to increase. D. It received extremely poor community support rendering the ban relatively ineffective. A. The ban effectively reduced the number of single use plastic bags, but the transfer to heavier reusable plastic bags meant that the overall amount of plastic decreased by only a small amount. Feedback: The study found that single-use plastic bags decreased rapidly; however, these were replaced with heavier reusable bags. Overall, there was a net reduction in plastic, but it was much lower than was estimated for the removal of single-use plastics. In fact, the total amount of plastic removed was only equal to one year's worth of plastic bags despite the ban running for over seven years. At London's material recoveries facility (the recycling center), how are plastics sorted when they come in? A. They are initially hand sorted to remove contamination and then sorted using a weigh scale to determine to determine the type of plastic B. The sorting is done entirely by hand C. They are initially hand sorted to remove contamination and then sorted using an optical sorting machine that uses light to determine the type of plastic D. There is no sorting done directly at the plant because people sort their recycling into two streams at the homes C. They are initially hand sorted to remove contamination and then sorted using an optical sorting machine that uses light to determine the type of plastic Feedback: The sorting at the plant has multiple phases. First, it is sorted to remove contamination by hand and then later it is put through an optical sorter that uses bursts of light to automatically sort the plastics. The 5Gyres Institute, a research ENGO, went out to find plastic pollution in the world's water bodies. Where did they find evidence of microbead plastics accumulating? A. The Great Lakes B. The Mediterranean Sea C. The Gulf of Mexico D. The Pacific garbage patch A. The Great Lakes Feedback: 5Gyres looked specifically at The Great Lakes so they could potentially attribute plastic pollution to specific countries. The majority of bird entanglements in plastic are caused by six-pack rings. B. False Feedback: While six-pack rings are widely recognizable as en- tanglement hazards, most of the entanglements studied by Ryan 5 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn Which of the following is the dominant contributor of particulate matter in Ontario? A. Smelters (e.g., Sudbury) B. Road vehicles C. Residential sector D. Cement and concrete C. Residential sector Feedback: The residential sector is the largest producer of partic- ulate matter in Ontario. The burning of wood in fireplaces is a good example of how residential sectors can contribute to PM2.5. In fact, some provinces have banned indoor fireplaces to help reduce particulate matter. How does mercury from small-scale mines enter freshwater habi- tats? A. It evaporates from small-scale mines and is transported globally through the atmosphere before deposition in wetlands and other waterbodies B. Mercury used in the mining operations washes into nearby waterways and becomes concentrated in the water way. C. Residual mercury on gold shipments washes off during pro- cessing at plants in developed countries. D. The mercury needed for separating the gold must be mined in other areas and much of it is lost in transport A. It evaporates from small-scale mines and is transported globally through the atmosphere before deposition in wetlands and other waterbodies Feedback: The mercury used for these mining operations to sepa- rate the gold will evaporate into the atmosphere and be transport- ed globally. Wetlands produce prime areas for mercury deposition and then it becomes concentrated in freshwater bodies and the species that feed there. Which of the following is driving high-levels of particulate matter output in Sudbury? A. The Sudbury Landfill B. Concrete industries C. Paper mill D. Smelters D. Smelters Feedback: According to NPRI data, the copper and nickel smelters have the highest outputs for particulate matter in the region. The smelters in the area were actually exempt from the sulphur dioxide restrictions that were put forward in the cap-and-trade program. Which of the following species is considered high risk (only one serving per week) for mercury consumption based on the Quebec guidelines? A. Sardines B. Bass C. Shark D. Oyster B. Bass Feedback: Bass is considered a particularly bad fish for mercury contamination (amongst other game fish). When you prepare the fish, the government even recommends that you "keep only the fillets that are free of the skin and the base of the fins. These parts are less likely to contain contaminants" In the readings, what was suggested as one of solutions for reducing emissions from residential energy in China? A. Replacing coal with nuclear energy B. Replacing natural gas with solar energy C. Replacing coal with natural gas D. Replacing coal with wind energy C. Replacing coal with natural gas Feedback: Natural gas, while still a fossil fuel, produces less emissions and particulate matter than coal. Which of the following is not followed by the Province air monitor- ing station? A. Ground level ozone (O3) B. Particulate matter C. Nitrous oxide D. Ammonia D. Ammonia Feedback: The following five pollutants are followed: Ground level ozone (O3) Particulate matter Nitrous oxide Sulphur dioxide Car- bon monoxide Which of the following best describes how the Environmental Damages Fund works? A. Money is collected from the carbon tax and reinvested into habitat remediation B. The fund collects money from fines and violations of environ- mental laws and redistributes it to projects like restoration. C. The cap-and-trade credits are deposited in the environmental B. The fund collects money from fines and violations of environ- mental laws and redistributes it to projects like restoration. Feedback: The fund collects money from fines and violations of 7 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn damages fund as an endowment to provide money for future environmental protection. D. The Environmental Damages Fund is a retail investment firm that invests sustainability in the market. environmental laws and redistributes it to projects like restoration, but also research, education and awareness. How does the 'pay-to-proceed' provision to Ontario's Endangered Species Act affect species protections? A. Ontario developers MUST pay into a conservation fund before they develop any land. B. Developers that have been found guilty of violating the Endan- gered Species Act must pay a fine before they can proceed with any other developments. C. Developers must secure government funding before undertak- ing and construction projects D. For certain species, developers may choose to pay in to a conservation fund in lieu of conducting species conservation measures (e.g., planting more trees). D. For certain species, developers may choose to pay in to a conservation fund in lieu of conducting species conservation mea- sures (e.g., planting more trees). Feedback: The new rule was controversial because it was seen as allowing developers to dodge the requirement for species protec- tions by paying into a conservation fund. Which of the following best describes how land conservancies operate? A. Land conservancies help manage public parks and lands in partnership with the government. B. Land conservancies purchase or receive donations of private lands which they then act as stewards for in perpetuity managing them for conservation purposes. C. Maintain lands for hunting and fishing in collaboration with groups like the Ontario Angling and Hunting association D. The Land Conservancy of Ontario processes developer ap- plications for land use changes to the Greenbelt as part of the Greenbelt plan. B. Land conservancies purchase or receive donations of private lands which they then act as stewards for in perpetuity managing them for conservation purposes. Feedback: Land conservancies are focused on privately acquiring land in order to protect it. Why is it beneficial to target keystone species for protections? A. Keystone species are those species which are threatened with extinction, so focusing on them allows us to help species that are most vulnerable. B. Keystone species are species that can use multiple habitats at once, so if we protect them we know they can also move into new habitats and be successful C. Keystone species have a larger impact on an ecosystem them their abundance would indicate so protecting them can have big effects on the entire ecosystem. D. Keystone species are only found in one particular habitat which means that they are irreplaceable. C. Keystone species have a larger impact on an ecosystem them their abundance would indicate so protecting them can have big effects on the entire ecosystem. Feedback: Keystone species are those that have a large impact on the ecosystem relative to its abundance. For example, the wolves in Yellowstone National Park. By replacing those species, we can have major impacts across the entire ecosystem. Which of the following would best fit the description of direct action by an ENGO? A. Mounting legal challenges in court against changes to legisla- tion that protects species B. Developing social media campaigns that shame companies into altering their business practices. C. Education the public about environmental issues including the expansion of invasive species. D. Locking yourself to a tree to prevent loggers from removing it. D. Locking yourself to a tree to prevent loggers from removing it. Feedback: Direct action is focused on direct disrupting practices deemed harmful to the environment. Which of the following best describes the concept of ecosystem services? A. The role of ecosystems in providing things like food, offering A. The role of ecosystems in providing things like food, offering cultural and recreational benefits, and filtering water 8 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn D. Become heavily forested with woody vegetation shortly after reclamation What is the main purpose of an environmental impact assess- ment? A. To measure the damage that has been done to an area. B. To determine how best an area can be restored after damage has been done. C. To identify where environmental damage might occur and then mitigate the potential for those impacts to occur. D. To fine companies and collect money for the Environmental Damages Fund C. To identify where environmental damage might occur and then mitigate the potential for those impacts to occur. Feedback: To identify where environmental damage might occur and then mitigate the potential for those impacts to occur. The Impact Assessment process works to minimize environmental damage by first estimating what damage might be caused by the project. According to our readings this week, which of the following gasses makes up the majority of gasses released from oil, gas and coal industry? A. Sulphur dioxide B. CFCs C. Methane D. Carbon dioxide C. Methane Feedback: Methane (the largest component of natural gas) is the main contributor to fugitive leaks from oil wells, pipelines and mining operations. How have greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector changed over time? A. Oil and gas emissions from stationary combustion have in- creased rapidly as the oil sands have expanded B. Oil and gas emissions from fugitive gases have decreased rapidly over time. C. Road transportation emissions have declined rapidly with the use of low emission vehicles. D. Aviation emissions make up the majority of transportation emis- sions in Canada A. Oil and gas emissions from stationary combustion have in- creased rapidly as the oil sands have expanded Feedback: Oil and gas emissions from stationary combustion have increased rapidly as the oil sands have expanded. One of the only energy sectors to expand, oil and gas now represents a major contributor to GHG emissions at the national level. Environmental damage that occurs away from away from the mining site itself is referred to as...? off-lease damage. Feedback: Off-lease damage can be caused by a variety of min- ing related operations including new roads, agriculture and land clearing. Approximately, how much of Canada's electricity grid is powered by the burning of coal? A. 50% B. 3% C. 9% D. 75% C. 9% Feedback: Only 9% of our electricity is created from the burning of coal. The majority of our electricity comes from low-emissions sources (hydro, nuclear, wind). What happened with the Teck Mining application from the Frontier Oil Sands Project? A. It was rejected by the Impact Assessment Agency B. The project has been approved by the Canadian Energy Board C. The project was formally ended after the Environmental Dam- ages Fund fined the company D. The CEO withdrew the application citing uncertainty in the future of development in the sector D. The CEO withdrew the application citing uncertainty in the future of development in the sector Feedback: In our course notes, there is letter from the CEO of Teck mining laying out some of the issues with the long regulatory process of mine approval. The CEO withdrew the application just before the government was supposed to make a decision on the project approval. How does the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) primarily track greenhouse gas emissions? A. They send in inspectors to each country to assess emissions B. Each country submits its own emissions Feedback: The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 10 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn B. Each country submits its own emissions C. Emissions are estimated from changes in the atmosphere D. Emissions are estimated based on GDP and population size (UNFCCC) relies mainly on countries submitting their own emis- sions, which is why there can be discrepancies in the emissions data. How will the TransMountain pipeline help increase the price of Albertan oil? A. It will improve access to overseas markets. B. It will lower environmental clean-up costs C. It will reactivate existing pipelines that have been closed D. Profits will be shared and distributed amongst Canadians sim- ilar to the carbon tax A. It will improve access to overseas markets. Approximately, how much will pipeline capacity increase after the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion is completed? A. Capacity will remain the same B. The pipeline will have 10 times the capacity C. The pipeline will have almost triple the capacity D. The pipeline will have double the capacity C. The pipeline will have almost triple the capacity Which marine species is specifically mentioned as a species that needs to be protected under any new pipeline expansion? A. Harbour seals B. Killer whales (orca) C. Arctic foxes D. Bald eagles B. Killer whales (orca) How will a transition to low carbon energy be supported going forward by the pipeline? A. Revenues from the project will invested into clean energy transition B. Money will be distributed per-capita to citizens in oil-producing provinces C. Money will be invested in oil-spill prevention and detection D. Money will be invested in the conservation of the resident killer whale population A. Revenues from the project will invested into clean energy tran- sition What was the main problem with the renewable heating incentive in Northern Ireland? A. The subsidy to buy the renewable resource was too high and therefore allowed applicants to make money B. The program had too many applicants and overwhelmed the system C. The renewable fuel biomass used in the program was not sustainably harvested D. The incentive was too low and did not encourage any residents to take up the program A. The subsidy to buy the renewable resource was too high and therefore allowed applicants to make money The extraction of oil from the oil-sands can be costly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, but the industry has worked hard to reduce overall emissions by 26% since 1990. What problem is poised to increase emissions going forward? A. Easily accessible surface mines have already been depleted and deeper areas need to be explored which require more energy and cause greenhouse gases to be emitted B. The closure of the Keystone XL pipeline will increase the amount of oil that is transported by aviation, which itself has high A. Easily accessible surface mines have already been depleted and deeper areas need to be explored which require more energy and cause greenhouse gases to be emitted 11 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn C. It reduces potential costs D. It produces much more power than conventional powerplants Which of the following is included in the calculation of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)? A. Capital costs B. Construction costs C. Decommissioning costs D. All are part of the LCOE calculation D. All are part of the LCOE calculation Feedback: All of these aspects are included as a calculation that determines what the cost of renewable and non-renew electricity is going to be. For 2010, rank the following in terms of their cost/kWh (1-4, with 1 being the highest). A. Offshore wind B. Concentrated solar power C. Solar PV (photovoltaic, solar panel) 1.1 - Most expensive 2.2 3.3 1:C, 2:B, 3:A What does the retrofit at Western's Power Plant do to help reduce overall emissions? A. It captures heat from the natural gas emissions and uses them to pre-heat the water. B. It allows the university to burn diesel fuel in a more efficient way that captures carbon dioxide as it leaves the smoke stack (carbon capture and sequestration) C. It measures carbon dioxide leaving the stack so that the uni- versity can closely monitor its emissions. D. It allows coal to be burned in addition to diesel fuel (coal is cleaner) A. It captures heat from the natural gas emissions and uses them to pre-heat the water. Feedback: The retrofit heats the water more efficiently and there- fore the university can lose less natural gas to heat its buildings. Which of the following locations are highlighted on the attached map? A. Hydro-electric stations B. Onshore wind turbines C. Potential locations for small nuclear reactors D. Populations of fish that are threatened by hydroelectric dams B. Onshore wind turbines Feedback: The map shows the locations of onshore wind turbines in Southwestern Ontario What does FIT stand for in the context of renewable energy production? A. The retro(FIT) program assesses the likelihood of renewable energy success by calculating the LCOE. B. Fast-in-transit program that uses high-speed provincial power lines to spread low emissions energy across the country C. Feed-in tariff program, which pays generators to produce en- ergy D. Funding-in-terrawatts program that provides research funds for the development of increased efficiency C. Feed-in tariff program, which pays generators to produce en- ergy Feedback: The Green Energy Act used a Feed-in Tariff program to help encourage the use of renewable energy What is the latest date the City of London has set for getting to net-zero emissions? A. 2025 B. 2030 C. 2040 D. 2050 D. 2050 Feedback: From the most recent report - "A clear city-wide net zero community GHG emissions target (no later than 2050, but with the intent of establishing a path to net zero GHG emissions prior to 2050)." 13 / 15

EnvirSci Quiz 1 - Sient Spring, EnvirSci Weekly Quiz #2 - Feed the World, EnvirSci Quiz #3 - The Blue Marble, EnvirSci Quiz 4 - Planet Plastic, EnvirSc Quiz 5 - Air of Death, EnvirSci Quiz 6 - Age of Extinction, EnvirSci Quiz 7 Digging and Drillin… Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dqjjxn How has the City decided to provide rapid public transport within the city? A. Dedicated bus lanes B. Light-rail and transit C. Street cars D. Electric car lanes A. Dedicated bus lanes Which sector is the largest emitter in London? A. Fuel sold at gas stations B. Educational institutions C. The London landfill D. Burning sewage sludge A. Fuel sold at gas stations The City of Kingston gave high-schoolers free bus passes to encourage the use of public transit and cut down their emissions. What argument did they make that it was a cost-effective solution? A. There buses were running anyways so adding on the high-school students meant that there were just fewer cars but no extra cost to the bus. B. Students that did not attend college were given passes for four months that were used frequently, suggesting they would turn into paying customers. C. All of the money spent on giving out the extra passes was recouped in the gas tax rebate received by the city. D. Students had a limited number of free rides before they had to start paying for the bus passes. Once they were used to riding the bus they were happy to pay for the passes afterwards. B. Students that did not attend college were given passes for four months that were used frequently, suggesting they would turn into paying customers. Feedback: The separate pilot study provided evidence that those users would likely become paying customers after their 4-month passes expired. How do ENGOs contribute to decision making and planning at the municipal level (select all the correct answers)? A. They can produce resources and training materials for munic- ipal governments to help reduce emissions B. They can serve on advisory committees to the municipal gov- ernment C. They may have a representative on the city council that can veto decisions D. The can help fundraise for city implemented projects (to sup- plement income from provincial governments). Answer: A & B Feedback: The London Cycle Link serves on the advisory com- mittee for cycling in the city and the Clean Air Partnership helped develop resources and training for municipalities around no-idling by-laws. What is an advantage of curbside recycling compared to backyard composting? A. Curbside programs are far cheaper to implement. B. Curbside programs make it easier for multi-unit residential buildings to compost. C. Curbside programs allow biodegradable bags to be used for composting. D. Neighbours can share curbside composting bins. B. Curbside programs make it easier for multi-unit residential buildings to compost. Feedback: Multi-unit residential buildings do not typically have space for composting so having curbside programs and collection could be very advantageous for those communities. Outside of developing green mobility throughout the city (bikes and bus rapid transit) what was another plan the City of London was planning to implement? A. Adding in a light rail connection B. Placing solar panels on the roof of every building downtown C. Creating a fleet of energy-efficient cars D. Incinerating garbage to produce electricity C. Creating a fleet of energy-efficient cars Feedback: London has also committed to working towards an energy efficient fleet of its own vehicles to help lower the overall emissions from their fleet. 14 / 15