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1000
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Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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4
Uploaded by DukeOstrich2707
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Module 4: Tracking El Niño
Major drivers of surface and deep ocean currents:
Surface: currents driven by wind
Under the water: controlled buy water density, also depends on water temperature.
Definition of Coriolis effect:
Coriolis: an object in motion that appears to be deflected and pulled off course
When an object moves in an straight line it will appear curved
Makes huricannes spin and missles bend paths
Definition of ocean velocity:
Ocean measured at various depth levels, distance divided the time while combined with
the direction the object is in
Main attributes of four (4) methods used to measure ocean currents:
1)
Deep ocean drifter: measures water temperatures, salinity and pressure by
siunking under the water and then transmits it to satellite
2)
Davis (shallow water) drifter: measures wind driven currents
3)
Acoustic doppler current profiler: sends an acoustic signal into the water column
and the sound bounces off particles
4)
Shore based currents: measure surface currents by following by following the
same premise as the acoustic doppler current profiler exept for the surface. these
shore- based instrumemts use the dopplar effect to also determine currents.
Module 4 Expedition: Tracking El Niño
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Module 4: Tracking El Niño
Human activities that rely on the measure of ocean currents:
1.
Shipping industry
2.
Recreational commercial fishing
3.
Recreational navigation for boats
How an El Niño event develops:
El nino happens when warm water builds up in the central and eatern pacific ocean.
Usually a pool of warm water sits in the western pacific and that’s because the way the
earth and the wind blows. Water then piles up. The sea level is also much higher along
the phillipines then it is peru. Because of the high sea levels and the high winds, this
creates an third pool where the sea is higher. This water heats up and eventually the
water blowing it weakens releasing the extra water.
Effects of El Niño events worldwide:
Lead to flooding and extreme storms on one side of the earth anmd an extreme drought
on the other.
Definition of thermocline and upwelling:
Upwelling: process where deep coled water rises to the surface
Module 4 Expedition: Tracking El Niño
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Module 4: Tracking El Niño
Thermocline: temperature gradient in an body of water where the
layer above and bolow are totally different temperatures
Relationship between El Niño and La Niña:
El nino: the winds weaken and the warm water heads to the pacific ocean which creates
storms and heavy rain
La nina: wind becomes much stronger and forces warm water closer towards the in land
near Australia, which makes the water on the west side of Australia wamr and the water
on the American side cooler.
Define the Great Pacific Garbage Patch:
Where garbage and plastic swarms up in the pacific ocean gyre. Where ocean currents
converge and the debris ends up.
Argo float principles:
Create ideas that collaborate internationally, collect date and also manage data.
Type of information provided by the Argo program:
Date to creat ocean models
Measures subsurface temperatures salinity, velocity and sea surface height variability
Provides info on ocean patterns and ocean climate over long time spans
Module 4 Expedition: Tracking El Niño
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Expedition Log Book
Module 4: Tracking El Niño
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Module 4 Expedition: Tracking El Niño
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