Lab 2-2

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Indiana University, Bloomington *

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109

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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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PhET – Greenhouse Gases and Their Effect on Earth’s Climate ( http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse ) Once you have navigated to PhET’s The Greenhouse Effect simulation page, select the large PLAY button in the middle of the simulation window. To start, let’s examine the influence that photons have on Earth’s atmosphere at the microscopic scale, and the impact that different photons have on different components of the atmosphere. To do this, select the tab labeled “ Photons ” and take a minute to familiarize yourself with the various settings. Once you’re ready to begin answering questions, hit the “ Start Sunlight ” button at the bottom of the right-hand side of the screen. 1. What are photons? How are Infrared and Visible photons different from one another? You may need to do a bit of research in your textbook, or online to answer this question. (5 marks) Elementary particles responsible for electromagnetic radiation – the difference between the Infrard and the visible is that the Infrared are coming from the bottom/the ground – they also have a longer wavelength as they cannot be seen and the visible are coming from the top/sky. These have a shorter wavelength and have a lower frequency. 2. Identify the atmospheric gases listed at the right corner of the screen. You may need to do a bit of research in your textbook or online to answer this question. (5 marks) CO2,CH4, and N2O 3. The three atmospheric gases you just identified as most influenced by infrared photons are collectively referred to as what type of gases? (5 marks) Greenhouse Gas Concentration 4. Between what time periods (Ice Age, 1750 CE, 1950, 2020) where does there appear to be the largest increase in CO 2 concentration? What time periods experience the largest increase in temperatures? Can you think of any reasons why this might be the case? Please be as quantitative (numbers!) as possible with your answer. (10 marks) The largest increase of CO2 was in 2020. Then in 1750 had the largest increase in temperature. The reason I think the temperature went up so high is because the first one was in the artic where it’s the coldest and the rest weren’t in the same area. 5. Calculate the average rate of increase in CO 2 concentration between 1750 and 2020 (in ppm/year). Use this value, coupled with your findings from the previous question, to estimate when the Ice Age happened? Compare your answer to the accepted value of the date of the most recent Ice Age (you may need to do some Googling). What might any differences in these values tell you about the how the rate of increase in CO 2 concentration has changed over time? Please be sure to show all of your work here . (25 marks) 1
The difference in years from 1750-2020 is 27 years. 1750 the CO2 is 277 ppm and the CO2 for 2020 is 413ppm. Then you subtract 413 minus 277 to get 136 ppm Then you do 136ppm divided by 270 years which equals .5ppm per year. CO2 is increasing exponentially. Add 270 to the answer we got. Idk got really confused for 2 nd part 2
We’re now ready to explore the impact that adding varying Absorbing layers has on photons near earth’s surface. To do this, select the tab on the right corner of the screen labeled Layer Model .” Then select “ Absorbing Layers (3) ” on the bottom right corner of the screen. Take a minute to familiarize yourself with the various settings before you proceed. Once you’re ready to begin answering questions, hit the “ Reset All ” button at the bottom of the right side of the screen and observe (You could run this simulation multiple time). 6. What effect does adding absorbing layers have on the system? What leads you to believe that this is true? Try to incorporate the behavior of the infrared photons into your answer. (10 marks) There is more infrared energy, there is more energy going up, the temp is rising 7. Take out the absorbing layers, what do you notice? (5 marks) There is still more infrared energy, but the temperature went down and got a lot cooler 8. How is what you observed similar to the behavior a greenhouse? How do you know? (5 marks) Juts like you add layers it made the earth’s temp rises and because warmer that is the same as the greenhouse because it traps energy in the house making the earth warmer. But once the sunlight goes down and there is no energy to trap in the house at nighttime. It gets cooler just like the moidle shows when you take away layers. We will conclude by exploring the tab labeled “Waves” Take a minute to familiarize yourself with the various controls. When you are ready to start answering questions, hit the “ Reset All ” button at the bottom of the right side of the screen. 9. What effect does changing the greenhouse gas concentration appear to have on the system? Based on your observation, what leads you to believe that this is true? (5 marks) When there is a lot of greenhouse gas concentration the infrared energy doesn’t rise all the way to the sky it stays toward the ground which gives us heat and high temperature. But when there is no greenhouse concentration the infrared energy rises all the way to the sky and makes the temperature a lot cooler. When there is lots of greenhouse gas concentration it traps the infrared enerhy which causes the warmer temperatures, but when there is none, it releases causing cooler temps 3
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10. Based on your observations, what connection can you make between the “activity” of the atmospheric ( greenhouse ) gas molecules you observed in the first part ( Photon ) and the temperature of the atmosphere? (5 marks) In the activity it shows the visible and infrared energy coming down from the sun and up from the ground and with different layers in the atmosphere it shows how the temperature can vary from hot to cold. when there are less layers it is a lot colder and when there is more layers, it traps more of the heat which causes the temperature to rise. 11. In your own words, summarize the phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect . Does this seem like an appropriate name for such a phenomenon? Why or why not? (10 marks) The greenhouse effect is the process of visible radiation coming down from the sun and getting trapped in the greenhouse and turning into infrared radiation from the plants that are in the greenhouse. This process traps the heat from the sun into the lower part of the amopshere . I think this is an appropriate name because the energy and heat from the sun is getting trapped in a house full of green plants that has a effect on the atmosphere 12. In your opinion are greenhouse gases (and thus the greenhouse effect ) a good thing or a bad thing for Earth and its inhabitants? Be sure to support your opinion with evidence. (10 marks) We need greenhouse gases to trap heat and make our earth warmer, but the downside is it releases too much infrared / bad things out into the earth. 4