Subrota Shill - Project-HistoricalTemperature
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School
Newcomerstown High School *
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Course
27123254
Subject
Geography
Date
Nov 24, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by DeanScorpionPerson1252
Project: Historical Temperature Trends
Developed by: Professors Marina Nechayeva and Steven Cosares
Has the average temperature in cities throughout the world changed over time? Are there any recent
trends that we should be aware of? In this module we will look at historical temperature records for
selected cities and use statistical methods to determine whether the data shows any significant patterns
over time. You will be provided historical data for the annual average temperature records for New York
City, USA, and Sydney, Australia. Data for other cities throughout the world may also be provided; the
cities
should
represent
a
variety
of
regions
having
different
climates. For
each year, the data value is
calculated by taking the average of the daily high temperature readings from every day of that year,
observed in a specific location, e.g., Central Park for New York and Observatory Hill for Sydney. The
data are sorted by year in ascending order. For your convenience, temperatures have been converted to the
Fahrenheit scale. Use the data attached with this project to answer the following questions.
1)
Use a SPSS or Excel to obtain summary statistics for the annual average temperatures in New
York City and Sydney over the entire recorded period: min, max, mean, median, and standard
deviation. Identify the hottest year and the coldest year for each city.
Min
Q1
Median
Q3
Max
Mean
Standard
deviation
NYC:
Data set
48.7
52
53
54.1
57.3
51
1.648
Min
Q1
Median
Q3
Max
Mean
Standard
deviation
Syd
Temp:
Data set
68.2
70.2
70.9
71.8
74.1
71.008
1.238
2)
Make a Box Plot for each data set.
3)
Write a paragraph describing how the two cities differ in temperature. Hint: Base your answer on
any notable differences you observe in the two Box Plots in terms of center, spread, shape, min or
max.
The two cities have similar center values in terms of temperature. The spread of the
temperatures also appears to be quite different, with a range of 53 to 70.9. The shape of
the distribution for both cities is described as a normal distribution. The maximum
temperature in the Syd temp dataset is 74.3, while the minimum temperature in the NYC
dataset is 48.7. These observations suggest that the two cities may have similar average
temperatures, but the range of temperatures experienced in the sydtemp dataset is wider
than that of the NYC dataset.
Limit your attention to the most “recent” temperature data, i.e., the last 25 years for New
York City.
Answer the following questions:
4)
Is the mean temperature for the last 25 years higher or lower than that of the entire period?
Calculate the
z
-score
for the recent mean temperature using the mean and standard deviation for
the entire period. (Round your answers to two decimal places). What does the value of the
z
-score
tell you about the difference between the two means?
(We will learn
z
-score
in the upcoming lesson. Please skip question 4) if you do it for week 3
project.)
The mean average of the last 25 years for new cities is 55.286. The last 25 years of mean is
higher than the entire period.
5)
For what percentage of the last 25 years was the annual temperature above the historical mean
temperature from 1869-present?
The last 25 years
annual temperature above is 8.41%. the historical mean temperature from
1869-present.
6)
Of the 10 warmest years in recorded history, how many occurred during the last 25 years? Of the
10 coldest years in recorded history, how many occurred during the last 25 years? Do you find
this result surprising?
Of the 10 warmest years in recorded history, the 10 coldest years are not in the last 25
years. But the warmest has been the last 25 years is all. It’s not surprising because of
global warming.
7)
Create a box-plot representing the temperatures for the last 25 years.
8)
Write a paragraph summarizing your findings. Are NYC annual temperatures notably different in
recent times from what they were in the earlier part of the observation period? In what way? What
might be the reasons for these differences?
The weather in New York City hasn't really changed a lot in the past few years by looking at the
average temperatures. But there's something interesting happening with the weather. It's like the
gap between the hottest and coldest days is getting bigger. This might be because of a few things
like climate change, the way the city is growing, or just regular changes in the weather.
Sometimes, the weather can get more extreme because of climate change, and as cities get
bigger, they can also get hotter, like a concrete jungle. So, the way climate works might change,
and we might see more really hot or really cold days in the future.
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