Subrota Shill - Project-HistoricalTemperature

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Newcomerstown High School *

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27123254

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Geography

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Nov 24, 2024

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pdf

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Project: Historical Temperature Trends Developed by: Professors Marina Nechayeva and Steven Cosares Has the average temperature in cities throughout the world changed over time? Are there any recent trends that we should be aware of? In this module we will look at historical temperature records for selected cities and use statistical methods to determine whether the data shows any significant patterns over time. You will be provided historical data for the annual average temperature records for New York City, USA, and Sydney, Australia. Data for other cities throughout the world may also be provided; the cities should represent a variety of regions having different climates. For each year, the data value is calculated by taking the average of the daily high temperature readings from every day of that year, observed in a specific location, e.g., Central Park for New York and Observatory Hill for Sydney. The data are sorted by year in ascending order. For your convenience, temperatures have been converted to the Fahrenheit scale. Use the data attached with this project to answer the following questions. 1) Use a SPSS or Excel to obtain summary statistics for the annual average temperatures in New York City and Sydney over the entire recorded period: min, max, mean, median, and standard deviation. Identify the hottest year and the coldest year for each city. Min Q1 Median Q3 Max Mean Standard deviation NYC: Data set 48.7 52 53 54.1 57.3 51 1.648 Min Q1 Median Q3 Max Mean Standard deviation Syd Temp: Data set 68.2 70.2 70.9 71.8 74.1 71.008 1.238 2) Make a Box Plot for each data set.
3) Write a paragraph describing how the two cities differ in temperature. Hint: Base your answer on any notable differences you observe in the two Box Plots in terms of center, spread, shape, min or max. The two cities have similar center values in terms of temperature. The spread of the temperatures also appears to be quite different, with a range of 53 to 70.9. The shape of the distribution for both cities is described as a normal distribution. The maximum temperature in the Syd temp dataset is 74.3, while the minimum temperature in the NYC dataset is 48.7. These observations suggest that the two cities may have similar average temperatures, but the range of temperatures experienced in the sydtemp dataset is wider than that of the NYC dataset. Limit your attention to the most “recent” temperature data, i.e., the last 25 years for New York City. Answer the following questions: 4) Is the mean temperature for the last 25 years higher or lower than that of the entire period? Calculate the z -score for the recent mean temperature using the mean and standard deviation for the entire period. (Round your answers to two decimal places). What does the value of the z -score tell you about the difference between the two means? (We will learn z -score in the upcoming lesson. Please skip question 4) if you do it for week 3 project.) The mean average of the last 25 years for new cities is 55.286. The last 25 years of mean is higher than the entire period. 5) For what percentage of the last 25 years was the annual temperature above the historical mean temperature from 1869-present? The last 25 years annual temperature above is 8.41%. the historical mean temperature from 1869-present.
6) Of the 10 warmest years in recorded history, how many occurred during the last 25 years? Of the 10 coldest years in recorded history, how many occurred during the last 25 years? Do you find this result surprising? Of the 10 warmest years in recorded history, the 10 coldest years are not in the last 25 years. But the warmest has been the last 25 years is all. It’s not surprising because of global warming. 7) Create a box-plot representing the temperatures for the last 25 years. 8) Write a paragraph summarizing your findings. Are NYC annual temperatures notably different in recent times from what they were in the earlier part of the observation period? In what way? What might be the reasons for these differences? The weather in New York City hasn't really changed a lot in the past few years by looking at the average temperatures. But there's something interesting happening with the weather. It's like the gap between the hottest and coldest days is getting bigger. This might be because of a few things like climate change, the way the city is growing, or just regular changes in the weather. Sometimes, the weather can get more extreme because of climate change, and as cities get bigger, they can also get hotter, like a concrete jungle. So, the way climate works might change, and we might see more really hot or really cold days in the future.
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