Module 2 - Instructors Guide
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
DIT0306
Subject
Geography
Date
Nov 24, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
74
Uploaded by DeaconPencilMandrill24
Using Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts |
Module 2. Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE
For information on how to use this Instructor Guide and related documents, see “Orientation to Training Package” document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MODULE 2. Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
4
Section 2.0 Introduction to Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
4
2.0.A. Relating Needs, Context, & Standards
4
2.0.B. Learning Objectives for Module 2
5
2.0.C. Module Overview
5
2.0.D. Additional Reading
6
Section 2.1. Defining the Sphere Standards
7
2.1. Section Overview
7
2.1.A. Defining Sphere
8
Activity 2.1. HSP Card Arrangement Activity (Optional)
?
11
2.1.B. The Sphere Handbook
13
2.1.C. Defining the Sphere Standards
15
2.1.D. Meeting Sphere Standards
19
Activity 2.1. Standards vs. Indicators (Required)
?
20
2.1.E. Additional Reading
24
Section 2.2. Conceptualising the Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
25
2.2. Section Overview
25
2.2.A. Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
26
2.2.B. Urban Complexity & Sphere
26
2.2.C. Case Study: War in Ukraine
27
Activity 2.2.1 Exploring Standards in the Urban Context (Required)
?
30
2.2.D. Conceptualising Application
32
2.2.E. Adapting Indicators
36
Activity 2.2.2 Adapting Indicators for the Urban Context (Required)
?
37
2.2.F. Additional Reading
40
Section 2.3. Applying the Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
41
2.3. Section Overview
41
2.3.A. Practise Applying the Standards
42
Activity 2.3. Standards, Indicators, and Systems (Required)
?
43
2.3.B. Additional Reading
45
Section 2.4. Key Considerations
46
2.4. Section Overview
46
Activity 2.4. Peer Learning (Required)
?
47
2.4.A. Lessons Learned
48
2.4.B. Key Takeaways
49
2.4.C. Additional Reading
50
Section 2.5. Conclusions
51
2.5.A. Module 2 Conclusions
51
2.5.B. Overview of Module 3. The Capstone Simulation Exercise
52
Training Assessment | Post-Delivery - Pilot 2 only
53
Appendix A. Sphere Promotional Flyer (Also located under Supporting Documents of the training package folder)
55
Appendix B. Content for Section 2.0 in Module 2. Standalone Version
56
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 2
Section 2.0 Introduction to Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
57
2.0.A. Identifying Complexities of Urban Contexts
57
2.0.B. Needs Analysis & Context Analysis
60
2.0.C. Relating Needs, Context, & Standards
62
2.0.D. Learning Objectives for Module 2
63
2.0.E. Module Overview
63
2.0.F. Additional Reading
64
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 3
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
MODULE 2. Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
For MODULE 2 STAND-ALONE: See Appendix B
[If Module 2 is delivered stand-alone, use Appendix B for Section 2.0]
Section 2.0 Introduction to Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
Instructional Objectives:
●
Introduce the Module by describing the connection between needs, context, and standards in urban response.
●
Identify the Learning Objectives for Module 2.
●
Provide an overview of Module 2 Content.
Total Lecture: 5 minutes
Total Activity: 0 minutes
>
Required Activities:
0 minutes
>Optional Activities:
0 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
2.0.A. Relating Needs, Context, & Standards
How do Needs, Context, and
Standards Relate?
Talking Points
In
Module 1
, we walked through the process of identifying needs,
the assets and/or resources required to meet those needs, and
we conceptualised the system we rely on to deliver assets and
resources to meet needs.
In
Module 2
, we will focus on understanding how we can meet
those needs in an urban context, specifically looking at the use of
standards for service delivery.
The standards we focus on in this training are the Sphere
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 4
Standards.
2.0.B. Learning Objectives for Module 2
Learning Objectives
Talking Points
To understand more about why and how applying the Sphere
Standards is complex, as well as how to use the standards in
urban contexts, this module will address the following learning
objectives.
2.0.C. Module Overview
Overview of Module 2
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in Module 2.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 5
2.0.D. Additional Reading
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
●
Sphere. (2020). Defying the myth: Why Sphere Standards are also applicable in urban settings.
https://spherestandards.org/event/sphere-standards-urban-settings-
webinar/
.
●
Sphere. (2020). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 2.
https://spherestandards.org/resources/unpacked-guide-urban-settings-2020/
.
●
German Red Cross. (2019).
German Red Cross Scoping Study: Humanitarian Assistance in the Urban Context.
https://preparecenter.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/annex1_phase1_urbanmappinganalysis-1.pdf
.
●
German Red Cross. (2019). German Red Cross Scoping Study: Humanitarian Assistance in the Urban Context Final Report.
https://preparecenter.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/09/GRC_UrbanHumanitarianScopingStudy_final-report_updated.pdf
.
●
ALNAP, ODI, & HPN. (2019). Urban Humanitarian Response.
https://odihpn.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/GPR-12-2019-web-string.pdf
.
●
European Commission Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO). (2018).
The Urban Amplifier: Adapting to Urban
Specificities, Report on Humanitarian Action in Urban Crises.
https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/factsheet/Urban_Report_final_version_printed.pdf
.
●
Archer, Diane. (2017). The future of humanitarian crises is urban.
https://www.iied.org/future-humanitarian-crises-urban
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.1. Defining the Sphere Standards
Instructional Objectives:
●
Introduce Sphere, including: vision, mission, and principles.
●
Explain the Sphere Handbook and its structure.
●
Define standards and distinguish between standards and indicators.
Total Lecture: 30 minutes
Total Activity: 30 minutes
>
Required Activities:
15+ minutes
>Optional Activities:
15 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
2.1. Section Overview
Overview of Section 2.1
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in this section.
Instructor Notes
Note: These 20 minutes are designed as a brief refresher on
Sphere basics (vision, mission, beliefs), a quick overview of the
HSP (which even Sphere people may not be aware of as it is
relatively new), and a look at indicators and standards (because
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 7
this is extremely important and often misunderstood even by
Sphere aficionados). If the participants require more information
about Sphere, refer them to the extensive library of resources for
trainers and learners. Please provide the Sphere Promotional
Flyer included in resources if needed.
2.1.A. Defining Sphere
What is Sphere?
Talking Points
To achieve these two core beliefs,
Sphere has the following mission:
“To establish, promote and review quality standards
for
humanitarian action which provide an accountable framework for
preparedness, resource allocation, response, monitoring and
advocacy, before, during and after disasters and crises.”
Sphere has the following vision:
“Sphere’s vision is that people affected by crises must be at the centre
of decisions about humanitarian protection, assistance, recovery and
resilience. They have the right to prompt, effective and quality
humanitarian assistance which enables them to survive crises,
rebuild their lives and recover their livelihoods with respect and
dignity.”
-Sphere (2018). Using Sphere in Urban Settings: Part 2.
Discussion (Optional)
Q: Why do we need standards
like Sphere?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 8
Instructor Notes
Depending on timing, discuss the core beliefs at a minimum, and
highlight that Sphere develops standards to ensure these beliefs
are attained. Elaborate on the mission and/or vision if desired.
E
mphasise the key takeaway → Sphere Standards are used
to achieve 2 core beliefs: the right to life with
dignity
AND
the right to
assistance.
See the additional reading: Using the Sphere Standards in Urban
Settings - Part 1 (2016), page 4.
Stakeholders
Talking Points
Who is Sphere for?
Sphere was created to assist people and communities affected by
crises.
Sphere is relevant to all stakeholders in humanitarian response
including:
●
Humanitarian organisations
●
National or local governments
●
People affected by crisis
●
Host communities
●
Donors
●
International organisations
Discussion (Optional)
Q: What does community
mean in an urban setting?
Activity (Optional)
Show the video
Sphere in
Action: Applying Sphere
Standards in Brasil
→ Ask
participants to watch the
video and identify the
different stakeholder
groups.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 9
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Sphere & The Humanitarian
Standards Partnership (HSP)
Talking Points
Sphere is part of the
Humanitarian Standards Partnership (HSP)
.
The Humanitarian Standards Partnership (HSP) is an informal
network of nine standard-setting initiatives and organisations. It
is led by Sphere.
●
It supports quality and accountability in humanitarian
action by promoting the harmonised development and
cross-sectoral use of standards. It supports practitioners
with training opportunities, technical guidance, and
advocacy.
●
The HSP’s eight sets of humanitarian standards were all
developed in a similarly inclusive and consultative manner.
Ethical and Legal Framework:
Discussion (Optional)
Q: How does Sphere relate to
other types of (humanitarian)
standards?
Activity (Optional)
See
Activity 2.1. HSP Card
Arrangement Activity
for
detailed instructions.
Note: This activity is from the
Sphere Online Training (2022)
- Section 10.1.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 10
All HSP standards share a common framework of ethical and
legal principles. These include: the
Humanitarian Charter
,
the
Protection
Principles
, and
The Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS)
.
Instructor Notes
Emphasise that Sphere is part of a portfolio of standards that
together form the HSP.
For a brief synopsis of the HSP, see the additional resource:
Sphere, Humanitarian Standards Partnership [video].
See also the 3 Foundation Chapters of the Sphere Handbook.
Activity 2.1. HSP Card Arrangement Activity
?
(Optional)
Activity: 15 minutes
Activity Type:
Small Group Card Game
Learning Objective:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Identify the main documents and key entities of the HSP, and describe the relationships between them
Preparation:
●
Prepare virtual cards (PNG Images)
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 11
●
Check the Sphere website for new HSP members since publication of this document.
●
Prepare one interactive whiteboard per group.
●
HSP Brochure (
online
or
Supporting Documents/2.1 HSP Activity
folder)
Participant Grouping:
Participants will play the game in small groups. Participants will then reconvene in plenary for group discussion.
Each group should designate a notetaker at the beginning of the activity.
Activity Instructions:
Participants map and match HSP entities and documents.
For activity instructions, see
2.1 HSP Card Arrangement Activity
or view online (
full activity
or
short activity
).
Alternative Activity Option:
For a shorter version of this activity, a microlearning format is used. Ask participants to work through these slides individually then
discuss in plenary. Group discussions are often more productive, but individual activities can be more time efficient.
Notes for the Facilitator:
Key Takeaways:
●
Sphere, LEGS, and SEEP started as projects but have since become legal entities (i.e., registered charities/NGOs). LEGS and
Sphere have since dropped “Project” from their names.
●
ADCAP (a HSP member entity) is an initiative of the Age and Disability Consortium (ADC). ADCAP and ADC have many members,
but only HelpAge and CBM are currently active within the HSP.
●
The Child Protection Minimum Standards Working Group, co-led by Save the Children and UNICEF, is part of The Alliance for
Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (a HSP member entity). The Alliance has many members, but only Save the Children and
UNICEF are active within the HSP.
●
The CHS is part of the Sphere Handbook and is jointly owned by Sphere, CHS Alliance, and Groupe URD. CHS Alliance is an
associate member of the HSP.
Reference Material: See
2.1. HSP Card Arrangement Activity
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 12
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using the Main Call of an online video conferencing platform. Use the Share Screen function to display the
cartoon slides.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 13
2.1.B. The Sphere Handbook
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 14
The Sphere Handbook
Talking Points
Sphere is perhaps best known for the Sphere Handbook:
“The Sphere Handbook is one of the most widely known and
internationally recognized sets of common principles and universal
minimum standards for the delivery of quality humanitarian
response. It reflects an integrated approach to humanitarian action
which supports populations affected by disaster and crisis to survive
and recover with dignity.”
The handbook can be downloaded as a PDF, used interactively
online, purchased in h
ard-copy, and accessed through the
Humanitarian Standards Partnership (HSP) mobile app.
Instructor Notes
See Activity 4.2 and 4.3 in the additional resource: Sphere Online
Training Package.
Discussion (Optional)
If possible, show a physical
version of the book and/or
distribute copies to
participants to review.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 15
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
The Sphere Handbook
Structure
Talking Points
3
Foundation
chapters - These chapters outline the ethical, legal,
and practical basis for humanitarian response. These include:
●
The Humanitarian Charter
●
The Protection Principles
●
The Core Humanitarian Standard
4
Technical
chapters - The minimum standards in four key
response sectors:
●
Water, Supply, Sanitation, & Hygiene Promotion
●
Food Security and Nutrition
●
Shelter and Settlement
●
Health
Activities (Optional)
1) Give copies of the Sphere
handbook to participants.
Invite them to review the
standards through discussion.
Divide participants into two
teams, and hold a contest to
see which team can locate
information in the handbook
the fastest.
2) Card arrangement activity
from Sphere online training
(2022).
See
Supporting Documents -
General/Sphere Online
Training Pack/04-02 -
Handbook Components
for
the complete activity.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 16
2.1.C. Defining the Sphere Standards
What are the Sphere
Standards?
Talking Points
Definition of Standard
Derived from the principle of the right to life with dignity. These
are general and qualitative in nature, stating the minimum
to be
achieved in any crisis.
Example of a standard
Vector control standard 4.1: Vector control at settlement level -
People live in an environment where vector breeding and feeding
sites are targeted to reduce the risks of vector-related problems.
Instructor Notes
For further explanation, see the additional reading: The Sphere
Handbook, pages 8–9.
Discussion (Optional)
Reflect on the example
provided to demonstrate the
general, qualitative, and
minimum nature of the
standard.
Activity (Optional)
Invite participants to explore
the Sphere handbook
(physical handbook) or review
a standard and structure in
the electronic version.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 17
Structure of Standards
Talking Points
→In the next section, we will explore how to use the
Standards in Urban Contexts.
→First, we need to understand the different parts of a
standard.
Let’s take a closer look at the structure of a standard.
The three main elements of a standard are: key actions, key
indicators, and key guidance notes.
Instructor Notes
Introduce the three main elements of a standard, highlighting
that the next slide will show an example.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 18
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Example Standard
Talking Points
Example: Malaria in Chennai, India
Key Action
- Assess vector-borne disease risk for a defined area.
→ What is the risk of malaria in Chennai?
→ Is the incidence rate higher than the WHO norm?
→ Is the area close to or does it contain breeding sites for
the vector?
Key Indicator
- Percentage of identified breeding sites where the
vector’s life cycle is disrupted.
Guidance Notes
- Assessing risk factors.
→ In the context of malaria, identify the proportion of the
population that has access to antimalarials, the population’s
proximity to stagnant/wet areas, and/or the population’s risk
of increased exposure.
Instructor Notes
Discuss examples of key actions, indicators and guidance notes.
Conclude discussion by highlighting the importance of indicators,
and that it’s important to understand the difference between a
standard and an indicator.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 19
For further information on the example, see the additional
reading: Urban Malaria: Understanding its Epidemiology, Ecology,
and Transmission across Seven Diverse ICEMR Network Sites.
Key Indicators
Talking Points
Indicators:
●
They provide a way to capture process and programme
results against the standard and over the life cycle of a
response.
●
Minimum quantitative requirements are the lowest
acceptable level of achievement for standards and are
only included where there is sectoral consensus.
Instructor Notes
Describe indicators in more depth, with the corresponding
example of an indicator linked to standard 4.1
Indicators:
●
Objective statements used to assess if standards are being
met.
●
Tools that provide units of measurement to achieve
standards.
●
Specific thresholds that represent measurable quantitative
minimums for meeting a standard.
Activity (Optional)
Invite participants to flip
through different standards
and review indicators,
identifying the characteristics
of indicators and how they
differ from standards.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 20
●
Three categories of indicators: process indicators,
progress indicators, and target indicators.
●
Adapted to context.
2.1.D. Meeting Sphere Standards
Standards Versus Indicators
Example of Standards
Versus Indicators
Talking Points
How do we ensure we are meeting standards?
We measure them through indicators.
How do standards compare to indicators?
●
Standards are universal.
●
Indicators are context specific.
●
Indicators should be delt with in a smart and creative
manner.
Let’s check the example from the Rohingya refugee crises in
Bangladesh – 2017. In the photo, the black structure adjacent to
the shelter in the photo is a latrine. The handpump shown is a
shallow tube well. It is clear that the underlying problem of the
water contamination is by the close proximity of latrines.
Separation in this case is approximately 1m. Sphere guidance
Discussion (Optional)
Q: We must adapt Sphere
Standards for the Urban
context - True or False?
A: False - Sphere Standards
are universal. Indicators must
be adapted for the urban
context.
Activity (Required)
In groups, participants will
reflect on a series of images to
identify and distinguish
between standards and
indicators (or targets).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 21
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
(see page 115 – guidance supporting standard 3.1) promotes 30m
as a minimum when more technical analysis is not available.
If we examine this case more closely in relation to Sphere
standards, we find that:
•
Sphere indicators note that the maximum distance
between shelters and latrines should be <50m. This was
routinely surpassed in many areas with latrines much
closer than 50m. See guidance notes supporting WASH
standard 3.2 on page 117.
•
Sphere indicators call for distance to water points not to
exceed 500m. Again, due to the crowded site area, most
areas of the camp exceeded this with very short travel
distances to water points. See indicators supporting WASH
standard 2.1 on page 106.
•
These two factors (while both positive if taken alone) led to
problems in meeting other Sphere guidance, however.
Sphere suggests a minimum of 30m between water points
and latrines, which was clearly not met, and which did lead
to widespread contamination of the shallow tube wells
throughout the camps all of which are environmental
warning signs of public health problems. See guidance
supporting WASH standard 3.1 on page 115.
Instructor Notes
The simple point here is to remind participants that the indicators
are only indicators and must be considered in context of the
overall situation, and in consideration of one another –
no one
indicator stands alone as a clear indication of success or
See
Activity 2.1. Standards
vs. Targets
for detailed
instructions.
Note: This activity is from the
Online Sphere Training
Package.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 22
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
failure.
Make it clear that indicators, not
standards, must be adapted
for the urban environment → see optional discussion
question.
Activity 2.1. Standards vs. Indicators
?
(Required)
Activity: 15+ minutes
Activity Type:
Small Group Cartoon Analysis
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Describe the differences between standards, key indicators, and targets
●
Interpret and apply technical humanitarian standards
Preparation:
See
Module 2
Supporting Documents
/2.1 - Standards vs. Targets
folder or view
online
for further information.
Participant Grouping:
Participants will complete the cartoon analysis in small groups. Assign each group a set of images. Participants
will then reconvene in plenary for group discussion.
Each group should designate a notetaker at the beginning of the activity.
Activity Instructions:
In groups, participants will reflect on a series of images to identify and distinguish between standards and indicators (or targets).
For instructions to full or short* versions of the activity see specified folder above or view online (
full activity
or
short activity
).
Alternative Activity Option:
For a shorter version of this activity, a microlearning format is used. Ask participants to work through these slides individually then
discuss in plenary. Group discussions are often more productive, but individual activities can be more time efficient.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 23
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Notes for the Facilitator:
Key Takeaways:
●
Pursuing targets rather than standards is to assume that everyone is born with equal needs, rather than equal rights, which is a
potentially harmful error.
●
Always consider the context, including the needs, capacities, and vulnerabilities of the people you are trying to assist.
●
People affected by crisis should participate actively at every stage of the response.
Note: This activity is from the Online Sphere Training Package.
Languages Available: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia, and Arabic.
*The shorter version is available in English, French, and Turkish.
Note: The activity can be run in any language because the main content is a set of 12 cartoons which contain no writing.
Reference Material: See Module 2
Supporting Documents/2.1 HSP activity.
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using the Main Call of an online video conferencing platform. Create a breakout room for each group.
Participants can record their notes using the Chat function or an online collaboration platform (e.g., Jamboard, Google Slides, Google
Docs).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 24
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Meeting the Standards
Talking Points
“Conforming to the Sphere standards does not mean implementing
all key actions or meeting all key indicators of all standards. The
degree to which an organisation can meet the standards will depend
on a range of factors, some of which are beyond their control.”
(Sphere handbook)
“Access to the affected population, or political or economic insecurity,
may make achieving the standards impossible in some contexts.”
(NDMA training)
It is an uncomfortable truth that no humanitarian programme will
ever result in all the standards being met for all affected people.
The best humanitarian programmes improve conditions for
affected populations without negative consequences for other
people and the environment.
BE CREATIVE!
Discussion (Optional)
Q: What if the minimum
requirement cannot be met or
must be changed?
A: “The Sphere standards are
an expression of the
fundamental rights related to
life with dignity, and remain
constant. The indicators and
minimum requirements may
need to be adapted to be
meaningful in context. In
cases where the standards are
not met, any proposal to
reduce the minimum
requirements should be
considered carefully. Agree
any changes collectively and
report the shortfall in actual
progress against the
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 25
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Action 1
A high-quality and accountable programme brings about
improvements against standards which are evidenced by
improved indicator readings.
●
“High-quality” means effective, efficient, and appropriate.
Limited resources should be allocated based on need.
●
Assessment and analysis using indicators will help you
prioritise activities.
Action 2
“If the Sphere Standards cannot be met for all or some groups
from the affected population, investigate why, and explain the
gaps, as well as what needs to change.”
●
Sphere Standards and indicators provide an
internationally recognised framework to explain and
quantify the impacts of your programme and the
remaining gaps. A large part of organisational learning
should come from people’s feedback and complaints that
have been addressed.
Action 3
“We will continue to advocate that states and other parties meet
their moral and legal obligations towards affected populations.”
Action 4
“We offer our services in the belief that the affected population is
minimums widely. In addition,
humanitarian organisations
must assess the negative
impact on the population of
not meeting a standard and
take steps to minimise any
harm. Use this response gap
for advocacy and strive to
reach the indicators as soon
as possible” (Handbook, p.9).
Q: What if minimum
standards are better than the
current living conditions?
A: In cases where the
minimum requirements
exceed the living conditions of
the host community, consider
how to reduce potential
tension, such as by offering
community- based services. In
some situations, national
authorities may establish
minimum requirements that
are higher than the Sphere
Minimum Standards.
Q: Are there irrelevant
standards?
A: See Sphere 2018 page 5 for
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 26
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
at the centre of humanitarian action, and recognise that their
active participation is essential to providing assistance in ways
that best meet their needs, including those of vulnerable and
socially excluded people.”
Instructor Notes
The majority of the content included is drawn from the Sphere in
Practice online training and MOOC (Module 1: Introduction, Topic
5: A consistent approach, Screen 3: Adopting the Sphere
approach).
answer.
2.1.E. Additional Reading
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
●
Sphere. (2018). The Sphere Handbook.
○
Downloadable PDF:
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf
.
○
Interactive Handbook:
https://handbook.hspstandards.org/en/
.
○
Print copies:
https://spherestandards.org/buy/
.
●
Sphere. (2022). Sphere Online Training Package.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/sphere-online-training-package/
.
●
Sphere. (2018). What is New.
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere_Brochure_ENG_442x210_20181031_LR.pdf
.
●
Sphere (n.d.). Promotional Flyer. (File under “Supporting Documents” or in the
appendix A below
)
●
Sphere. Sphere in Practice online training and MOOC.
https://www.spherestandards.org/sphere-in-practice/
.
●
Sphere. The Humanitarian Standards Partnership [video].
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Humanitarian-standards-HSP-en.mp4?_=1
●
Sphere. The Humanitarian Standards Partnership.
https://spherestandards.org/humanitarian-standards/standards-partnership/
●
The Humanitarian Standards Partnership. The Humanitarian Standards Partnership (HSP) App.
https://spherestandards.org/humanitarian-standards/app/
.
●
Wilson, M., et al. (2015). Urban Malaria: Understanding its Epidemiology, Ecology, and Transmission across Seven Diverse ICEMR Network Sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574269/
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 27
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.2. Conceptualising the Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
Instructional Objectives:
●
Introduce the importance of using Sphere Standards in urban contexts.
●
Introduce using Sphere Standards in complex environments.
●
Introduce standards in the urban context through the Urban Response Case Study: War in Ukraine.
●
Apply Sphere Standards to urban contexts using examples.
●
Adapt indicators for urban contexts using examples.
●
Identify key considerations for using Sphere Standards in urban contexts.
Total Lecture: 20 minutes
Total Activity: 20 minutes
>
Required Activities:
20 minutes
>Optional Activities:
0 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 28
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.2. Section Overview
Overview of Section 2.2
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in this section.
2.2.A. Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
Why are the Sphere
Standards Important in
Urban Contexts?
Talking Points
Why are Sphere Standards important in urban contexts?
The Sphere Standards are important for humanitarian response
in urban contexts because they:
●
Improve our understanding
of needs and assets;
●
Establish standards
for service delivery;
●
Use a
people-centred and rights-based approach
;
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 29
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
●
Ensure that needs are met in an
ethical way
.
We rely on standards to ensure needs are met, programmes are
successful, and that people are having their needs met while also
preserving dignity.
2.2.B. Urban Complexity & Sphere
Urban Complexity & Sphere
Talking Points
We’ve considered the challenges and complexities associated
with urban contexts, as well as the opportunities.
Because the urban context is complex, the application of Sphere
Standards in urban contexts is also complex.
→In this module, we will look at how Sphere Standards can
be used in humanitarian response to address the needs of a
population in an urban context.
2.2.C. Case Study: War in Ukraine
Talking Points
Recall that urban spaces are complex.
In Ukraine, some of these complexities include:
●
Mariupol is surrounded, with no communications abilities
or access to conduct needs assessments.
Activity (Required)
Using the Case Study, this
activity aims to help
participants think about
applying standards and
indicators in the urban
Case Study
In Kharkiv: people are
sheltering in the subway, and
over 1500 residential buildings
have been destroyed.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 30
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Situation Report 4
●
Residential buildings in Kharkiv have been destroyed, and
people are sheltering in subways (not designed for long-
term living).
●
Even though Lviv has established infrastructure, the mayor
has warned the city is at the limits of its capacity to
provide aid.
Identified needs include: shelter for women in Lviv, clean water
and appropriate shelter in Kharkiv, and food in Dnipro. In
Mariupol, needs are unknown due to the lack of access to
conduct needs assessments.
How do we ensure we are meeting needs?
We can use the Sphere Standards.
Applying Sphere Standards in Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Mariupol
may be more challenging given the context.
These complexities often impact how we apply and measure
standards.
context, and understand how
it may be different and/or
more complex than in a
traditional response context.
See
Activity 2.2. Exploring
Standards in the Urban
Context
for detailed
instructions.
In Mariupol: women, children,
and the elderly were rescued
from a steel mill that was
housing civilians and
Ukrainian forces.
In Mariupol: civilians (mostly
women and children)
sheltering in a theatre were
killed by Russian bombing.
How do these examples of
shelter in Ukrainian urban
areas relate to the Sphere
Standards?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 31
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity 2.2.1 Exploring Standards in the Urban Context
?
(Required)
Activity: 5 minutes
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 32
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity Type:
Group Brainstorm
Learning Objective:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Identify how the application of standards in urban contexts may be different than in traditional response contexts
Preparation:
None
Participant Grouping:
All participants engage as one group, in plenary.
Activity Instructions:
Using the Case Study, this activity aims to help participants think about applying standards and indicators in the urban context, and
understand how it may be different and/or more complex than in a traditional response context.
1.
Consider the complexities of a situation update
Residential buildings in Kharkiv have been destroyed, and people are sheltering in subways (not designed for long-term living).
●
Prompt: What are some of the complexities associated with meeting needs and providing assets/resources in this situation?
2.
Relate the situation update to Sphere Standards
As we will discuss, one of the main themes for Sphere Standards relates to shelter and settlement. Consider the following standard:
Shelter and settlement standard 2: Location and Settlement Planning
Shelters and settlements are located in safe and secure areas, offering adequate space and access to essential services and livelihoods.
●
Prompt: How could this standard be applied to help meet the needs of the Kharkiv population sheltering in subways?
●
Prompt: How might the application and measurement of this standard in an urban context be different from in a traditional
response context?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 33
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Discussion:
Invite participants to consider specific examples related to the standard and situation update, such as:
●
What if adequate space is not available? → Space in the subways is insufficient, and there is no land available
nearby to use for shelters.
●
How do we address indicators related to providing settlement within an area with minimal known natural or
human-made threats in this urban context? → Perhaps you can provide shelter in a city that is away from one
threat, but given population density or reliance on centralised resources, they may be exposed to a different
risk.
Notes for the Facilitator:
To aid participants during discussion, develop an additional scenario (or draw on a scenario from participants) to use as an
added focus tool. → Use this scenario to discuss specific examples and provide an explanation of applying an adequate space
standard
.
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using the Main Call of an online video conferencing platform. Discussion can be conducted verbally
and/or using the Chat function.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 34
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.2.D. Conceptualising Application
How do we use Sphere
Standards in Urban
Contexts?
Talking Points
What does applying a Sphere Standard look like in the urban
context?
●
Review the example standard provided -
Water Supply
Standard 2.1 -
“People have equitable and affordable access to a
sufficient quantity of safe water to meet their drinking and
domestic needs” (Sphere Handbook, p. 105).
●
The aim of this standard is to ensure reasonable access to
water without wasting too much of people’s productive
time.
●
What would applying this standard look like in the urban
context?
In the next slide, we will explore an example of how applying a
standard may be different in an urban context versus a
traditional response context.
Instructor Notes
Through lecture or using the optional discussion question,
highlight the following two points:
●
Recall, at the start of this module we discussed how
applying the Sphere Standards in an urban context can be
more complex than applying them in a traditional context.
Discussion (Optional)
Q: What does applying this
standard look like in an urban
vs. traditional context?
●
Note that the standard
won’t change → it is
universal.
●
The way we measure
meeting this standard
may change.
●
The way we measure
changes because of the
nature of the different
context → the
complexities of the
urban context.
Case Study
In Eastern Ukraine, shortages
of drinking water pre-existed
the current crisis. But the
Russian invasion has
worsened this issue: water
pipes have been destroyed,
and power cuts have stopped
water pumps.
Many residents have no
access to water due to heavy
fighting. In some urban areas,
humanitarian aid is restricted
due to lack of access.
In Mariupol, thousands are
using unsafe water sources
because they have no other
options. Kharkiv's water
system has also been affected.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 35
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
●
Recall, from the section on Sphere
○
standards are universal
○
indicators must be adapted.
If using the discussion question approach, encourage participants
to identify how this standard could look different in an urban
context versus a traditional context (i.e., the indicators).
Overall, about 1.4 million
people in Ukraine are
currently without access to
safe water.
The lack of sanitation in these
settings spreads disease and
causes additional health
needs.
This context makes using the
Sphere Standards more
complex.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 36
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Applying a Sphere Standard
Talking Points
Let’s look at the whole standard → specifically the indicators.
How would these apply in an urban context?
Instructor Notes
Through lecture or using the optional discussion question, run
through the following example.
Example:
Indicator 5 (Distance to Nearest Water Point) and
Indicator 6 (Queuing Time at Water Sources)
Urban considerations impacting the application of the standard:
●
Location of piped water
●
Key: does water come from other sources?
○
Wells
○
Surface water
○
Vendors selling water in informal settlements.
●
Is this a wealthy established area or lower income, less
established, or informal settlement?
○
Wealthy - most likely piped water
○
Informal - vendors sell water.
●
What is the formal market for water delivery?
Discussion (Optional)
Q: Reflecting on our
understanding of the urban
context and the complexities
of this environment, how
would these indicators apply?
Let’s look at examples:
Indicator 5 - Distance to the
Nearest Water Point
Indicator 6 - Queuing Time at
Water Sources
A: Through discussion, prompt
participants to identify urban
considerations provided in the
Instructor Notes.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 37
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
○
Consider do no harm: intervention should not
impact the long-term market
○
E.g., when humanitarian organisations pay for
water, their purchase can drive local prices up
through high demand.
●
How is the water supply restored?
○
If piped water, technical specialists are needed
(who may be unavailable in a crisis).
●
What is the power requirement for providing water?
○
Is the required power available?
●
What if water dependency is higher than the standard?
●
What if water dependency is lower than the standard?
○
E.g., the standard alots 15L minimum per day, but
what if prior to the event the normal household
needed more than this?
○
Conversely, if the affected community is an
informal settlement, perhaps they rely on less than
15L per day in normal conditions.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 38
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.2.E. Adapting Indicators
How do we adapt indicators
to context?
Talking Points
Let’s look at some other examples of how indicators could be
adapted for the urban context.
Activity (Required)
In this activity, participants will
practise adapting the
indicators of two different
standards using relevant
challenges drawn from the
Case Study.
See
Activity 2.2. Adapting
Indicators for the Urban
Context
for detailed
instructions.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 39
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 40
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity 2.2.2 Adapting Indicators for the Urban Context
?
(Required)
Activity: 15 minutes
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 41
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity Type:
Group Discussion
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Identify potential ways that indicators can be adapted for the urban context
●
Describe complexities associated with applying indicators in the urban context
Preparation:
None
Participant Grouping:
Participants will complete the activity in pairs.
Each group should designate a notetaker at the beginning of the activity.
Activity Instructions:
In this activity, participants will practise adapting the indicator of one or two different standards (time permit) using relevant challenges
drawn from the following Case Studies.
1.
Adapting the Indicator for
Water Supply Standard 2.1
a.
Prompt: All participants review the following text.
Water supply standard 2.1: Access and water quantity
People have equitable and affordable access to a sufficient quantity of safe water to meet their drinking and domestic needs.
CASE STUDY CHALLENGE 1.
Large amounts of the water pipe infrastructure have been destroyed by bombing in urban areas. Urban areas that are
surrounded and lacking water infrastructure are struggling to access any source of safe water.
Mykolaiv Oblast: Only 10L of water per person has been delivered (1 delivery, unclear if that was per day). This is lower
than Sphere
Water Supply Standard 2 - Indicator.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 42
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Kharkiv: MSF is delivering water sanitation systems to thousands of people sheltered in subway stations.
b.
Prompt: In pairs, participants discuss how the indicator would be applied to the case study context. Consider the
following:
i.
Does this indicator apply?
ii.
Does it need to be adapted?
iii.
If so, how would you adapt this indicator?
iv.
What considerations should be made when adapting this indicator?
2.
Adapting the Indicator for
Shelter and Settlement Standard 3. Living Space
a.
Prompt: All participants review the following text.
Shelter and Settlement Standard 3: Living Space
People have access to living spaces that are safe and adequate, enabling essential household and livelihoods activities to be undertaken
with dignity.
CASE STUDY CHALLENGE 2.
Kharkiv: Thousands of residents have sheltered in subway stations (30 stations within the city). Using aerial imagery, it is clear the
minimum 3.5 square metres of living space per person is not being met (Sphere Shelter Standard 3 - Indicator).
There is minimal space to conduct fundamental activities (Sphere Shelter Standard 3 - Key Action).
It is possible many don't feel safe due to the bombings (Sphere Shelter Standard 3 - Indicator).
Diseases are spreading due to the lack of sanitation.
Although some have access to tents, many do not have a private enclosed space.
b.
Prompt: In pairs, participants discuss how the indicator would be applied to the case study context. Consider the following:
1.
Does this indicator apply?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 43
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.
Does it need to be adapted?
3.
If so, how would you adapt this indicator?
4.
What considerations should be made when adapting this indicator?
Discussion:
If time allows, invited participants to discuss the following:
●
Describe any instances where indicators could be applied without adapting, and identify why.
●
Describe any instances where indicators needed adapting, and identify why and how they were adapted.
●
Identify any considerations or challenges associated with adapting indicators.
Instructor Notes:
If you are short on time, discuss only one case study challenge.
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using an online video conferencing platform. Create a breakout room for each group. Participants can
record their notes using the Chat function or an online collaboration platform (e.g., Jamboard, Google Slides, Google Docs).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 44
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.2.F. Additional Reading
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
○
*Specifically Section 10. Checklist for considering Standards in urban contexts*
●
Sphere. (2018). The Sphere Handbook.
○
Downloadable PDF:
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf
.
○
Interactive Handbook:
https://handbook.hspstandards.org/en/
.
○
Print copies:
https://spherestandards.org/buy/
.
●
Sphere. (2019). Sphere in action: Applying the Sphere standards in the Yemen response [video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAADJUoeO8M
.
●
Sphere. (2020). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 2.
https://spherestandards.org/resources/unpacked-guide-urban-settings-2020/
.
●
Sphere. (2022). Sphere Online Training Package.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/sphere-online-training-package/
.
●
Patel, R.B., Chadhuri, J. Revisiting the Sphere standards: comparing the revised Sphere standards to living standards in three urban informal settlements in Nairobi,
Kenya. Int J Humanitarian Action 4, 6 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-019-0054-y
.
●
Meaux, A., & Osofisan, W. (2016). A Review of Context Analysis Tools for Urban Humanitarian Response.
https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/10797IIED.pdf
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 45
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.3. Applying the Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
Instructional Objectives:
●
Practise applying Sphere Standards and adapting indicators in the urban context.
●
Consider the needs, assets, and stakeholders in urban systems when applying Sphere Standards and adapting
indicators.
●
Identify complexities that impact the application of Sphere Standards in urban contexts.
Total Lecture: 5 minutes
Total Activity: 20 minutes
>
Required Activities:
20 minutes
>Optional Activities:
0 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 46
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.3. Section Overview
Overview of Section 2.3
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in this section.
2.3.A. Practise Applying the Standards
The SPICE Systems Approach
Talking Points
Now that you’ve practised adapting indicators, apply the process
to your systems map from Module 1.
●
Consider how needs interact, what assets may be
mobilised, and how various stakeholders may be impacted
by standards being met or unmet.
Activity (Required)
Participants will practise
applying standards and
adapting indicators using the
Case Study and systems maps
from previous activities.
Case Study
In Kharkiv, the Ukrainian
Red Cross organised a call-
centre to collect lists of
needs from the population.
Volunteers are helping more
than 600 people with food
and medicine requests →
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 47
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
As you’re doing this, remember the types of complexities that
exist in the systems.
Revisiting the examples from the previous module on complexity,
●
Space and settlements
→ overlapping physical
boundaries, overlapping urban public spaces
●
Politics and governance
→ leadership and community
representation, multi-stakeholder leadership and
engagement
●
Infrastructure and services
→ varying demands and
stressors
●
Culture and society
→ community, social cohesion
●
Economy and livelihoods
→ marginalisation, access
Instructor Notes
Participants may require time to review their systems map and
refamiliarise with their groups.
See
Activity 2.3. Standards,
Indicators, & Systems
for
detailed instructions.
Needs analysis and people-
centred approach.
If we think about the larger
system, it's not just one
organisation but many
organisations trying to
determine and respond to the
needs of the people in
Kharkiv.
MSF is conducting training for
hospitals and setting up water
sanitation systems for people
living in the subway.
Ukrainian volunteers are
distributing aid to people who
are still living in Kharkiv
(particularly, to vulnerable
populations such as children,
the elderly, the disabled, etc.).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 48
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity 2.3. Standards, Indicators, and Systems
?
(Required)
Activity: 20 minutes
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 49
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity Type:
Group Discussion
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Adapt indicators for the urban context
●
Describe complexities associated with applying indicators in the urban context
Preparation:
None
Participant Grouping:
Participants will complete the activity in the same groups as previous activities. (Ensure the groups are the same
as Module 1 Activity 1.2. Part 2 - Systems Modelling Using the Five Urban Systems Approach.)
Each group should designate a notetaker at the beginning of the activity.
Activity Instructions:
Participants should be reminded of the SPICE system approach and then they will practise applying standards and adapting indicators
using the Case Study and systems maps from previous activities.
1. In your groups, revisit your systems map through the lens of Standards & Indicators:
●
Prompt: Discuss the following and summarise your key findings to share with the group
●
Use the following Sphere Standard, Key Actions, Key Indicators and Guidance Notes.
Standard:
Excreta management standard 3.2: Access to and use of toilets. People have adequate, appropriate and acceptable toilets to
allow rapid, safe and secure access at all times.
Key Actions
: (1) Determine the most appropriate technical options for toilets, (2) Quantify the affected population’s toilets requirements
based on public health risks, cultural habits, water collection and storage, and (3)
Consult representative stakeholders about the siting,
design and implementation of any shared or communal toilets.
Key Indicators
: Ratio of shared toilets and Distance between dwelling and shared toilet.
Guidance Notes
:
What is adequate, appropriate and acceptable? Accessibility, Quantifying toilet requirements and Household, shared
or communal.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 50
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Using the a
ccess to and use of toilets
Standard.
○
How will you apply this standard and adapt its indicators?
○
What elements of your system are related to this standard and its indicators?
○
What stakeholders and assets will impact applying this standard?
2. In your groups, reflect on your personal experiences of applying Sphere Standards in an urban context:
●
Prompt: Discuss the following and summarise your key findings to share with the group
○
How did you adapt the indicators?
○
What were the challenges in applying standards?
Notes for the Facilitator:
Remind participants of the five urban system approach and ensure that groups use their previously developed system map in 1 Activity
1.2. Part 2 - Systems Modelling Using the Five Urban Systems Approach.)
Encourage participants to organize their responses using a table format or another method of their choice.
1. Provide the participants with 10-15 minutes to respond to all of the questions shown on the slides.
2. The purpose of this step is to make connections with real world applications and draw on the expertise of the participants.
●
Prompt them to be prepared to share the learning of their peers in the full group.
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using an online video conferencing platform. Re-create the same breakout room groups from the
previous activity. Participants can record their notes using the Chat function or an online collaboration platform (e.g., Jamboard, Google
Slides, Google Docs).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 51
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.3.B. Additional Reading
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
○
*Specifically Section 10. Checklist for considering Standards in urban contexts*
●
Sphere. (2020). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 2.
https://spherestandards.org/resources/unpacked-guide-urban-settings-2020/
.
●
Sphere. (2018). The Sphere Handbook.
○
Downloadable PDF:
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf
.
○
Interactive Handbook:
https://handbook.hspstandards.org/en/
.
○
Print copies:
https://spherestandards.org/buy/
.
●
Sphere. (2022). Sphere Online Training Package.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/sphere-online-training-package/
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 52
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.4. Key Considerations
Instructional Objectives:
●
Identify lessons learned and best practices associated with applying Sphere Standards in urban contexts.
●
Discuss the importance of collaboration, coordination, and adaptation for effective response in urban contexts.
●
Synthesise key learnings from the training.
Total Lecture: 5 minutes
Total Activity: 15 minutes
>
Required Activities:
15 minutes
>Optional Activities:
0 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 53
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.4. Section Overview
Overview of Section 2.4
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in this section.
Activity (Required)
Participants will reflect on key
learnings from the training,
share challenges and insights
from their experience of
applying standards and
adapting indicators, and
discuss how learnings from
this training can be applied in
the future.
See
Activity 2.4. Peer
Learning
for detailed
instructions.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 54
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Activity 2.4. Peer Learning
?
(Required)
Activity: 15 minutes
Activity
Type:
Group discussion
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this activity, participants will be able to:
●
Summarise what they have learned about using Sphere Standards in urban contexts
●
Communicate a pathway forward on how to apply standards and adapt indicators for the urban context
Preparation:
●
Flip-chart paper and markers, Jamboard, Google Doc, or other platform for collaborating and recording ideas in real time.
Participant Grouping:
All participants engage as one group, in plenary.
Activity Instructions:
Participants will reflect on key learnings from the training, share challenges and insights from their experience of applying standards
and adapting indicators, and discuss how learnings from this training can be applied in the future.
1.
Based on past experience and/or experience during the training, reflect on and share your key learnings about using Sphere
Standards in urban contexts.
2.
Invite participants to record their ideas on the flip-chart paper, Jamboard, or other collaborating document. Alternatively, the
instructor can record participant responses. Provide prompts to encourage brainstorming as needed. For example:
○
What was a key takeaway from this training?
○
What standards and indicators have you encountered in this training or in past experiences?
○
What challenges have you experienced applying standards and adapting indicators?
○
What insights can you share about applying standards and adapting indicators?
○
How will you apply what you’ve learned during this training in the future?
Online/Hybrid Delivery:
This activity can be completed using an online video conferencing platform. Participants can add their contributions to a Jamboard, the
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 55
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
video conferencing Chat function, or an alternative online collaboration platform (e.g., Google Docs, Google Slides, ).
2.4.A. Lessons Learned
3 Key Lessons
Talking Points
Significant efforts have been made amongst practitioners to start
sharing briefings and guidance notes on humanitarian response
in urban contexts.
We have identified three key learnings from three different
briefings that highlight the critical importance of
collaboration
,
coordination
, and
adaptation
for effective urban response.
Let’s discuss the questions under each of these headings.
Collaboration:
●
How can we take a collaborative approach to applying the
standards?
●
Are local and international stakeholders being
appropriately engaged?
Coordination:
●
How can we best coordinate complex systems and
potentially difficult stakeholders?
●
How can we coordinate with existing institutions for long-
term planning?
Adaptation:
●
How can we build the necessary foundation of trust,
contextual knowledge, and technical knowledge to work in
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 56
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
an adaptive manner?
What questions would you add to better facilitate collaboration,
coordination, and adaptation?
2.4.B. Key Takeaways
Remember!
Talking Points
Remember:
●
Standards are universal. Indicators are adapted to the
context.
●
Knowing how Sphere relates to other standards and how it
is structured will help you find the information and
guidance you need to apply standards in urban contexts.
●
Urban response should always leverage local knowledge
(through stakeholders, mapping, etc.) to maximise
effectiveness and minimise redundancy.
●
In the urban environment, there are many local actors
working on the recovery. In many cases, humanitarians
play more of a connector or “enabler” role than providing
services themselves (a “saviour”).
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 57
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.4.C. Additional Reading
●
Alcanya, T and Al-Murani, F. Urban humanitarian response: why local and international collaboration matters. Briefing. IIED, 2016
http://pubs.iied.org/17378IIED
●
Basedow, C Westrope and Meaux, A Urban Stakeholder Engagement and Coordination: Guidance Note for Humanitarian Practitioners. IIED, 2017
http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10821IIED.pdf
●
Chambers R and Ramalingam B, Adapting Aid: Lessons from Six Case Studies, IRC and Mercy Corps, 2016
https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/701/adaptingaidreportwithcasestudies.pdf
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
*Specifically Section 10. Checklist for considering Standards in urban contexts*
●
Sphere. (2020). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 2.
https://spherestandards.org/resources/unpacked-guide-urban-settings-2020/
.
●
Sphere. (2018). The Sphere Handbook.
Downloadable PDF:
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf
.
Interactive Handbook:
https://handbook.hspstandards.org/en/
.
Print copies:
https://spherestandards.org/buy/
.
●
Sphere. (2022). Sphere Online Training Package.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/sphere-online-training-package/
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 58
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.5. Conclusions
Total Lecture: 15 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
2.5.A. Module 2 Conclusions
Conclusions
Talking Points
After completing this module, you should be able to:
●
Explain the purpose of Sphere.
●
Define the Sphere Standards and identify how they are
structured.
●
Distinguish standards versus indicators and describe how
to meet standards.
●
Describe the challenges associated with applying Sphere
Standards in urban contexts in contrast to traditional
response contexts.
●
Conceptualise how to apply Sphere Standards in the urban
Discussion (Optional)
Invite participants to recall
and share key takeaways from
the module for each of the
learning objectives.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 59
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
context through systems thinking.
Instructor Notes
If this module is being delivered immediately before
Module 3.
The Capstone Simulation Exercise
, ensure that participants
have had adequate time to ask questions and have integrated
their knowledge of using Sphere Standards in urban context with
the Case Study context.
2.5.B. Overview of Module 3. The Capstone Simulation Exercise
Overview of Module 3. The
Capstone Simulation
Exercise
Talking Points
The course will conclude with a Capstone Simulation Exercise in
which you will apply the course material.
●
The simulation is an interactive exercise designed to help
you reflect on and apply what you have learned about the
structures and systems of urban contexts and how to
apply Sphere Standards.
●
The exercise is designed to help you achieve a realistic and
actionable understanding of the complex, interacting
systems which you must join with in order to successfully
respond to emergencies in cities.
●
In this exercise, you will apply your knowledge of using
Sphere Standards in urban contexts to the Case Study.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 60
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Instructor Notes
Provide preliminary TTX handouts.
Training Assessment | Post-Delivery - Pilot 2 only
Total: 20 min
Instructor Notes
Share the online Post-Assessment Survey with participants:
https://forms.gle/G8XPBayohDTe9uMMA
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 61
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Instructor Notes
Discuss the following debrief questions with participants. Ensure you have a note-taker for participant responses.
How did this workshop compare to your initial expectations?
Optional follow-up/clarification questions:
●
Is it what you expected?
●
If you expected differently, how was it different?
How much did you learn in this workshop?
Optional follow-up/clarification questions:
●
How comfortable do you feel using Sphere standards in an urban context, before versus after this training?
●
Were there areas you would have liked to learn more about?
●
Were there areas you feel received too much focus?
●
How relevant was the workshop to your work?
What specifically do you think was done well?
Optional follow-up/clarification questions:
●
What topics were particularly useful?
●
What activities were particularly useful?
What specifically could have been improved on?
Optional follow-up/clarification questions:
●
What could be elaborated upon?
●
What could be clarified?
●
Was anything missing?
●
Was there anything we could have removed?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 62
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Any further feedback you’d like to provide?
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 63
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 64
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Appendix A. Sphere Promotional Flyer (Also located under
Supporting Documents
of the training package folder)
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 65
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Appendix B. Content for Section 2.0 in Module 2. Standalone Version
CONTENT for MODULE 2 STAND-ALONE Section 2.0
If Module 2 is delivered stand-alone, use the following content for Section 2.0
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 66
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Section 2.0 Introduction to Sphere Standards in Urban Contexts
Instructional Objectives:
●
Identify complexities of urban contexts.
●
Provide an overview of the people-centred approach and the systems approach to urban contexts.
●
Describe the connection between needs, systems and standards in urban contexts.
●
Identify the Learning Objectives for Module 2.
●
Provide an Overview of Module 2 Content.
Total Lecture: 12 minutes
Total Activity: 0 minutes
>
Required Activities:
0 minutes
>Optional Activities:
0 minutes
Slide Content
Talking Points & Instructor Notes
Activity Notes
Case Study
2.0.A. Identifying Complexities of Urban Contexts
Traditional & Urban Response
Contexts
Talking Points
Often,
traditional response contexts
are simpler with fewer
stakeholders, allowing humanitarian actors to implement
programming largely independently.
Characteristics of traditional response contexts include:
●
Direct relationship between humanitarian actors and
affected communities.
●
Programming is often designed to reflect humanitarian
actors’ understanding of crises and needs, rather than the
affected communities’.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 67
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Common qualities of the
urban response context
include:
Infrastructure
:
●
Health care (including mental health care)
●
Sewers and running water
●
Housing
●
Education
●
Complex distribution systems (for food and needed items)
●
Security
●
Transportation
This infrastructure is tied together by
complex economies
(i.e.,
urban residents rely more on interdependent systems).
●
Homes to rent or purchase
●
Food to buy
●
Businesses that provide goods and services
●
And, of course, economies to exercise livelihoods in
Because of this, urban responses typically involve a heavy focus
on
livelihoods, shelter, and cash support
●
People work to pay rent, buy food, etc.
●
Is work a basic need? Is it typically covered by
humanitarian action?
Cities also include
complex social networks
!
●
Formal and informal social security nets
●
Inequity → communities have different exposures to
the same risk. For example, some may be well off
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 68
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
and/or better protected. Some may not have
resources to mitigate risk or recover.
Cities are governed by established
institutions
●
This sounds obvious, but it can often be surprising to
humanitarians who are used to operating in environments
without such structures
●
Urban contexts often have complex systems of politics
and governance
●
In cities, we typically do not have the free hand to act that
we are often granted in other spaces.
And, of course, much like every emergency, every response
is different →
every city is different.
●
Elements, systems, structures, resources, stakeholders,
and risks that may exist in one city may not be found in
another!
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 69
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.0.B. Needs Analysis & Context Analysis
People-Centred Approach &
Systems Approach
Talking Points
How do we design a humanitarian response programme for the
urban context?
Approach
: In order to design a humanitarian programme that is
based on accurate needs and is capable of providing support to
fulfil those needs we must:
●
Identify and Consult Affected Populations
– Multiple
overlapping, disparate, and fluid communities can be
difficult to identify. Recall, each community will have
different exposure to the disaster.
●
Conduct a Needs Analysis
– Identify the needs and assets
required for the proportion of the population that is most
affected and most vulnerable through a
people-centred
approach.
●
Conduct a Context Analysis
– Identify how to best meet
those needs and restore enabling assets by understanding
the urban context that the affected population relies on
and/or has influence on to provide these assets.
Understanding urban contexts is essential to “doing no
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 70
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
harm” with programming.
Instructor Notes
Provide a brief overview of the people-centred approach to needs
analysis and systems approach to context analysis, emphasising
the complexity of urban contexts.
Context analysis - "Context analysis aims to 'help humanitarian
actors have a better understanding of the dynamics in a given
setting'. Sphere notes that 'a context analysis in urban
environments should look at the existing resources and
opportunities'" (from Sphere Unpacked Part 2, p. 8).
As in other response contexts, to meet the needs of the affected
population in urban response, we must understand the needs of
the local population, the proportion of the population most in
need, the assets they rely on to survive and recover, and how the
provision of these assets connects with the larger system.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 71
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.0.C. Relating Needs, Context, & Standards
How do Needs, Context, and
Standards Relate?
Talking Points
How do needs and context relate to Sphere Standards?
To design an effective humanitarian response programme in an
urban context:
●
Identify assets/resources required to meet needs
→ Conduct needs analysis through the people-
centred approach
●
Conceptualise the system providing resources and
account for complexity associated with service delivery
→ Conduct a context analysis through the
systems approach
●
Ensure needs are met
→ Apply Standards (Sphere Standards)
In this Module, we will focus on understanding how we can meet
needs in an urban context, specifically looking at the use of
standards for service delivery.
The standards we focus on in this training are the Sphere
Standards.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 72
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.0.D. Learning Objectives for Module 2
Learning Objectives
Talking Points
To understand more about why and how applying the Sphere
Standards is complex, as well as how to use the standards in
urban contexts, this module will address the following learning
objectives.
2.0.E. Module Overview
Overview of Module 2
Talking Points
Provide an overview of topics covered in Module 2.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 73
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.0.F. Additional Reading
●
Sphere. (2016). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 1.
https://www.spherestandards.org/resources/using-the-sphere-standards-in-urban-settings/
.
●
Sphere. (2020). Defying the myth: Why Sphere Standards are also applicable in urban settings.
https://spherestandards.org/event/sphere-standards-urban-settings-
webinar/
.
●
Sphere. (2020). Using the Sphere Standards in Urban Settings - Part 2.
https://spherestandards.org/resources/unpacked-guide-urban-settings-2020/
.
●
German Red Cross. (2019).
German Red Cross Scoping Study: Humanitarian Assistance in the Urban Context.
https://preparecenter.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/annex1_phase1_urbanmappinganalysis-1.pdf
.
●
German Red Cross. (2019). German Red Cross Scoping Study: Humanitarian Assistance in the Urban Context Final Report.
https://preparecenter.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/09/GRC_UrbanHumanitarianScopingStudy_final-report_updated.pdf
.
●
ALNAP, ODI, & HPN. (2019). Urban Humanitarian Response.
https://odihpn.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/GPR-12-2019-web-string.pdf
.
●
European Commission Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO). (2018).
The Urban Amplifier: Adapting to Urban
Specificities, Report on Humanitarian Action in Urban Crises.
https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/factsheet/Urban_Report_final_version_printed.pdf
.
●
Archer, Diane. (2017). The future of humanitarian crises is urban.
https://www.iied.org/future-humanitarian-crises-urban
.
USING SPHERE STANDARDS IN URBAN CONTEXTS | MODULE 2 - INSTRUCTOR GUIDE |
Page 74
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help