Case 3 Assignment - TMX Inc.
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FNCE 451 L03 W2023
Case Assignment #3
TMX Group Limited Cost of Capital
Due Date: March 6, 2023
You are determining the cost of capital for TMX Group Limited (X-T), an operator of equity and
other exchanges.
Assignment Questions:
1.
Compute the cost of capital for X, using the following methods:
a.
Debt:
i.
Base rate plus premium;
We can use the existing bonds of TMX to find the premium.
X has four outstanding bond issues:
$250 M 4.461% 10-year debt issued Sept. 24 2013 due
October 3, 2023; this bond is priced at 99.668% of par as
of February 10, 2023;
$300 M 2.997% 7-year debt issued Nov. 28 2017 due
December 11, 2024; this bond is priced at 96.704% of par
as of February 10, 2023;
$200 M 3.779% 10-year debt issued May 23, 2018 due
June 5, 2028; this bond is priced at 97.051% of par as of
February 10, 2023;
$250 M 2.016% 10-year debt issued Feb. 12 2021 due
February 12, 2031
Note: S&P Capital IQ shows several bonds for “Canacol Energy” for
TMX which are not relevant to us. This is one of the dangers of
using information services like Capital IQ – you’ve got to consider
everything they say when completing an assignment!
Base Rate = comparable Government of Canada (GoC) bond rate
at time of issue. The comparable GoC bonds will be the GoC bonds
with the same time to maturity as the TMX bonds.
Premium = yield (at issue) less comparable GoC bond rate
Use the base rate at time of issue to find the premium; add the
premium to the
current
base rate to find the cost of debt today.
What was the comparable Government of Canada bond rate at
issue? Download data for GoC
bonds
at:
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/interest-rates/canadian-
bonds/
. Please be careful – this is a different source than the one
used for the risk-free rate found below.
You can download the data in .CSV, .JSON or .XML format; I
recommend .CSV as it easily opens in Excel. For example, for the
TMX bonds issued on Feb. 12, 2021, find the Bank of Canada rate
for 10-year bonds on Feb. 12, 2021 and use it as your base rate.
Find the premium at time of issue and then add it to the
current
yield on 10-year GoC debt to find the current cost of debt using
this method, and add 0.5% for the cost of issuing new debt.
ii.
Direct approach: “at what rate could X issue new bonds today?”
X has four issues of bonds outstanding: for example, it has a
2.016% bond (AA low rated as of October 2022) with semi-annual
coupons that is currently trading at 86.48% of par (as of October
26, 2022). These bonds are due in February 2031, so they have a
time to maturity of 8.0 years. To find the rate at which TMX could
issue bonds,
find the yield to maturity of the existing bond issue
,
and add
0.5% for the cost of issuing new debt. Hint: RATE in Excel
is an easy way to find YTM.
b.
Equity. X pays a quarterly dividend, so using a justified price-book or price-
earnings multiple should be possible.
i.
What P/E and P/B multiples is X trading at? What do these multiples imply
about
r
, the cost of capital?
Justified leading
(
next year
)
P
E
ratio
=
1
−
b
r
−
g
Justified trailing
(
prev . year
)
P
E
ratio
=
(
1
−
b
)
(
1
+
g
)
r
−
g
Justified
P
B
ratio
=
ROE
−
g
r
−
g
Where:
b = retention ratio, or 1-dividends per share/earnings per share
g = growth rate of earnings. You may use analyst forecasts.
Note that sustainable growth or g = b*ROE
ROE = return on equity = net income / shareholders’ equity
P/E = price to earnings ratio
P/B = price to book ratio = market capital / shareholders’ equity
ii.
Use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). With the CAPM, you will
need the risk-free rate, beta, and market risk premium (the return on the
market minus the risk-free rate).
Requiredreturn
=
r
f
+
β
(
r
market
−
r
f
)
1.
For the risk-free rate, please use the average one-year yield on
treasury bills found here:
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/interest-rates/t-bill-yields/
2.
For beta, you are welcome to use any source you like: I
recommend tmxmoney.com (yes, I know) – enter the ticker for X
and then go to Overview (which is a drop down menu). Then go to
Key Data in the menu and scroll down to find beta.
3.
For the Canadian market Risk Premium (return on market – risk-
free rate), please see the slides for Ch. 10 or p. 281-282 of the
textbook. You may use “Canadian common stocks”; please note
your calculation.
2.
What will X’s capital structure look like in the future? Do you believe it will have more
debt, less debt, or the same amount of debt (that is, debt/equity will remain the same).
A look at historical debt levels at YE 2021 and since might provide some answers as to
the Company’s direction! Justify your choice and make a recommendation.
3.
What is the weighted average cost of capital?
a.
Use the current market values of debt and equity to find total capital
i.
Market value of equity = shares outstanding * share price
ii.
Market value of debt = total value of debt (at par) * % of par value
b.
With the two methods you were given, determine your best estimate for the cost
of debt. You may use an average of the two or another method. Justify your
choice.
c.
Use your CAPM estimate for the cost of new equity.
d.
% debt = market value of debt/total capital
e.
% equity = market value of equity/total capital
(Please remember that not all “liabilities” are debt)
You are not expected to create a pro-forma (forecast) set of financial statements.
You will be graded on your answers: full, complete answers will receive a 1.5/2 or a 2.5/3, 3/4 or
4/5; the best answer submitted will receive full marks.
You will also be graded on your formatting and language.
Grading details:
Question 1a(i) – Cost of debt: base rate plus premium
2 points
Question 1a(ii) – Cost of debt: direct approach
3 points
Question 1b – Equity CAPM
5 points
Question 2 – Capital Structure
3 points
Question 3 – WACC
4 points
Formatting and language
3 points
Total
20 points
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