Ex10-Transaction Exposure

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Jan 9, 2024

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Problem 10.1 BioTron Medical, Inc. ¥111.40/$ ¥111.00/$ ¥110.40/$ ¥109.20/$ Numata's WACC 8.850% BioTron Medical's WACC 9.200% Assumptions Values BioTron's 30-day account receivable, Japanese yen 12,500,000 111.40 111.00 110.40 109.20 Numata's WACC 8.850% BioTron Medical's WACC 9.200% Desired discount on purchase price by Numata 4.500% Brent Bush should compare two basic alternatives, both of which eliminate the currency risk. 1. Allow the discount and receive payment in Japanese yen in cash Brent Bush, CFO of a medical device manufacturer, BioTron Medical, Inc., was approached by a Japanese customer, Numata, with a proposal to pay cash (in yen) for its typical orders of ¥12,500,000 every other month if it were given a 4.5% discount. Numata's current terms are 30 days with no discounts. Using the following quotes and estimated cost of capital for BioTron, Bush will compare the proposal with covering yen payments with forward contracts. Spot rate, ¥ /$ 30-day forward rate, ¥ /$ 90-day forward rate, ¥ /$ 180-day forward rate, ¥ /$ How much in U.S. dollars will BioTron Medical receive 1) with the discount and 2) with no discount but fully covered with a forward contract? Spot rate, ¥/$ 30-day forward rate, ¥/$ 90-day forward rate, ¥/$ 180-day forward rate, ¥/$
Account recievable (yen) 12,500,000 Discount for cash payment up-front (4.500%) 562,500 Amount paid in cash net of discount 11,937,500 Current spot rate 111.40 Amount received in U.S. dollars by Seattle Scientific $ 107,158.89 2. Not offer any discounts for early payment and cover exposure with forwards Account receivable (yen) 12,500,000 30-day forward rate 111.00 Amount received in cash in dollars, in 30 days $ 112,612.61 Present value of amount received $ 111,755.82
Problem 10.2 Bobcat Company Assumptions Values Purchase price of Korean manufacturer, in Korean won 7,500,000,000 Less initial payment, in Korean won (1,000,000,000) Net settlement needed, in Korean won, in six months 6,500,000,000 Current spot rate (Won/$) 1,110 Six month forward rate (Won/$) 1,175 Bobcat's cost of capital (WACC) 10.00% Options on Korean won: Call Option Put Option Strike price, won 1,200.00 1,200.00 Option premium (percent) 3.000% 2.400% United States Korea Six-month investment (not borrowing) interest rate (per annum) 4.000% 16.000% Borrowing premium of 2.000% 2.000% 2.000% Six-month borrowing rate (per annum) 6.000% 18.000% Bobcat Company, U.S.-based manufacturer of industrial equipment, just purchased a Korean company that produces plastic nuts and bolts for heavy equipment. The purchase price was Won7,500 million. Won1,000 million has already been paid, and the remaining Won6,500 million is due in six months. The current spot rate is Won1,110/$, and the 6- month forward rate is Won1,175/$. The six-month Korean won interest rate is 16% pe annum, the six-month US dollar rate is 4% per annum. Bobcat can invest at these interest rates, or borrow at 2% per annum above those rates. A six-month call option on won with a 1200/$ strike rate has a 3.0% premium, while the six-month put option at the same strike rate has a 2.4% premium. Bobcat can invest at the rates given above, or borrow at 2% per annum above those rates. Bobcat's weighted average cost of capital is 10%. Compare alternate ways that Bobcat might deal with its foreign exchange exposure. What do you recommend and why?
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Risk Management Alternatives Values Certainty 1. Remain uncovered, making the won payment in 6 months at the spot rate in effect at that date Account payable (won) 6,500,000,000 Possible spot rate in six months: current spot rate (won/$) 1,110 Cost of settlement in six months (US$) $ 5,855,855.86 Account payable (won) 6,500,000,000 Possible spot rate in six months: forward rate (won/$) 1,175 Cost of settlement in six months (US$) $ 5,531,914.89 2. Forward market hedge. Buy won forward six months Account payable (won) 6,500,000,000 Forward rate (won/$) 1,175.00 Cost of settlement in six months (US$) $ 5,531,914.89 3. Money market hedge. Exchange dollars for won now, invest for six months. low risk security Account payable (won) 6,500,000,000 Discount factor at the won interest rate for 6 months 0.92593 Won needed now (payable/discount factor) 6,018,518,518.52 Current spot rate (won/$) 1,110.00 US dollars needed now $ 5,422,088.76 Carry forward rate for six months (WACC) 10.000% US dollar cost, in six months, of settlement $ 5,693,193.19 4. Call option hedge. (Need to buy won = call on won) If exercised If not exercised Option principal 6,500,000,000 Current spot rate (won/$) 1,110.00
Premium cost of option (%) 3.000% Option premium (principal/spot rate x % pm) $ 175,675.68 If option exercised/not exercised, dollar cost of won $ 5,416,666.67 Premium carried forward six months (using WACC) 184,459.459 Total net cost of call option hedge if exercised $ 5,601,126.13 Maxi
Problem 10.4 P & G India Assumptions Values 180-day account payable, Japanese yen (¥) 8,500,000 Spot rate (¥/$) 120.60 Spot rate, rupees/dollar (Rs/$) 47.75 Implied (calculated) spot rate (¥/Rs) 2.5257 (120.60 / 47.75) 2.4000 2.6000 180-day Indian rupee investing rate 8.000% 180-day Japanese yen investing rate 1.500% Currency agent's exchange rate fee 4.850% P & G India's cost of capital 12.00% Spot Risk Hedging Alternatives Values Rate (¥/Rp) Assessment 1. Remain Uncovered, settling A/P in 180 days at spot rate If spot rate in 180 days is same as current spot 3,365,464.34 If spot rate in 180 days is same as forward rate $ 3,541,666.67 If spot rate in 180 days is expected spot rate 3,269,230.77 Proctor and Gamble’s affiliate in India, P & G India, procures much of its toiletries product line from a Japanese company. Because of the shortage of working capital in India, payment terms by Indian importers are typically 180 days or longer. P & G India wishes to hedge a 8.5 million Japanese yen payable. Although options are not available on the Indian rupee (Rs), forward rates are available against the yen. Additionally, a common practice in India is for companies like P & G India to work with a currency agent who will, in this case, lock in the current spot exchange rate in exchange for a 4.85% fee. Using the following exchange rate and interest rate data, recommend a hedging strategy. 180-day forward rate (¥/Rs) Expected spot rate in 180 days (¥/Rs)
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2. Buy Japanese yen forward 180 days Settlement amount at forward rate (Rs) 3,541,666.67 3. Money Market Hedge 8,500,000.00 discount factor for yen investing rate for 180 days 0.9926 8,436,724.57 2.5257 Indian rupee, current amount (Rs) 3,340,411.26 Future value of money market hedge (Rs) 3,540,835.94 4. Indian Currency Agent Hedge 8,500,000.00 2.5257 Current A/P (Rs) 3,365,464.34 Plus agent's fee (4.850%) 163,225.02 P & G India's WACC carry-forwad factor for 180 days on fee 1.0600 Total future value of agent's fee (Rs) 173,018.52 Total A/P, future value, A/P + fee (Rs) 3,538,482.87 Principal A/P (¥) Principal needed to meet A/P in 180 days (¥) Current spot rate (¥/Rs) Principal A/P (¥) Current spot rate (¥/Rs)