688A_Final_Fall_2023

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1 Name Stevens Institute of Technology Master of Science (Finance) FIN 688A: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Corporate Restructurings Final Examination December 18, 2023, Time: 48 hours Instructor: Suman Banerjee Total: 75 points Instructions 1. This paper contains Twenty-two questions and comprises of ten (10) pages including the cover page and two blank pages. Please confirm. 2. This is a take home exam. You have forty-eight (48) hours to complete this exam. 3. Circle your response for Questions 1 through 20. Write your response on the space (separate pages) provided for Question 21, and 22. 4. Answers will be graded for content and appropriate presentation. 5. This is strictly an open book-open note individual exam. You are not allowed to consult. 6. The answer script is due on Wednesday, December 19, 2023, before 4:00 AM Good Luck and Happy Holidays!
2 1. Company M acquires 80% of Company N for $1.2 billion. If Company M already owned 20% of Company N, what was the total valuation of Company N before the acquisition? a) $750 million b) $900 million c) $1 billion d) $1.5 billion 2. A company acquires another company for $600 million in cash. The acquired company's net income is $80 million, and the average market capitalization of the acquiring company is $2.5 billion. What is the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio for the acquisition? a) 7.5 b) 10.0 c) 15.0 d) 20.0 e) 31.0 3. Company X acquires Company Y for $1.5 billion. If Company Y's total assets are valued at $800 million and liabilities at $300 million, what is the goodwill recorded on Company X's balance sheet because of the acquisition? a) $200 million b) $500 million c) $700 million d) $1 billion e) $800 million 4. In a merger, Company A issues 2 million new shares to acquire all outstanding shares of Company B. If the market price per share of Company A is $75, what is the total value of the consideration paid in the merger? a) $150 million b) $75 million c) $300 million d) $500 million e) $450 million 5. What term is used to describe a spin-off where the newly created company is initially owned by the parent company but is gradually sold to the public over time? a) Gradual spin-off b) Progressive spin-off c) Staggered spin-off d) Step-by-step spin-off
3 6. In a split-off, what is the term for the situation in which the subsidiary's shares are exchanged for the shares of the new independent entity, and shareholders have the option to participate or not? a) Voluntary exchange b) Opt-in swap c) Tender offer d) Selective spin 7. In a split-off transaction, if the subsidiary's book value is $150 million, and the parent company decides to distribute 80% of the subsidiary's book value to the shareholders of the new entity, how much will a shareholder holding 100 shares in the new entity receive in cash? Assume that the company has 1.25 million shares outstanding. a) $10,000 b) $12,000 c) $7,600 d) $8,000 e) $9,600 8. What regulatory hurdle must a company typically overcome before proceeding with a spin-off? a) Antitrust approval b) Environmental impact assessment c) Labor union negotiation d) Patent registration 9. A company undergoes a split-off, and shareholders are offered the opportunity to exchange their shares in the parent company for shares in the new entity at a ratio of 3:1. If a shareholder holds 300 shares in the parent company, how many shares would they receive in the new entity? a) 100 shares b) 200 shares c) 300 shares d) 400 shares e) 600 shares 10. Company A acquires Company B through a stock-for-stock deal. Company A issues 2 million shares, and Company B's shareholders receive 1.5 shares of Company A for each share of Company B. If the market price of Company A's shares is $120, what is the total value of the acquisition? a) $180 million b) $240 million
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4 c) $360 million d) $480 million
5 e) $540 million 11. In a cash and debt-financed acquisition, Company X acquires Company Y for $1.8 billion. Company X finances 40% of the acquisition through debt. What is the amount of debt used to finance the acquisition? a) $720 million b) $540 million c) $360 million d) $180 million e) $630 million 12. Company P acquires 70% of Company Q's outstanding shares for $900 million. If the remaining 30% is held by the existing management team, what is the implied valuation of Company Q? a) $1.3 billion b) $1.5 billion c) $2.1 billion d) $2.7 billion e) $3.2 billion 13. Which one of the following statements is correct? a) A spin-off frequently follows an equity carve-out. b) A split-up frequently follows a spin-off. c) An equity carve-out is a specific type of acquisition. d) A spin-off involves an initial public offering. e) A divestiture means that the original firm ceases to exist. 14. Company Z acquires Company W through an all-cash deal. The acquisition is valued at 12 times Company W's Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA). If Company W's EBITDA is $150 million, what is the total acquisition cost for Company Z? a) $1.2 billion b) $1.8 billion c) $2.4 billion d) $3.0 billion e) $3.9 billion 15. Which one of the following is most likely a good candidate for an acquisition that could benefit from the use of complementary resources? a) A sports arena that is home only to an indoor hockey team b) A hotel in a busy downtown business district of a major city c) A day care center located near a major route into the main business district of a large city. d) An amusement park located in a centralized Florida location.
6 e) A fast-food restaurant located near a major transportation hub 16. In a spin-off transaction, Company A distributes shares of its subsidiary to its existing shareholders. If the subsidiary has a book value of $500 million and Company A decides to distribute 60% of the subsidiary's book value to the shareholders, and the total number of outstanding shares of Company A is 50 million, what is the per-share cash distribution to the shareholders? a) $6 b) $8 c) $10 d) $12 e) $15 17. In a complex cross-border acquisition, Company A acquires 80% of Company B for $2.4 billion in a combination of cash, stock, and debt. If Company A issues 5 million new shares valued at $100 each, assumes $1 billion in debt, and the market value of Company B's remaining shares increases by 25%, what is the total implied valuation of Company B after the acquisition? a) $3.16 billion b) $2.24 billion c) $4.28 billion d) $5.42 billion e) $6.12 billion 18. Company X acquires Company Y in an all-stock deal at a fixed exchange ratio of 1.5 shares of X for every share of Y. Prior to the acquisition, Company X has 10 million shares outstanding, and Company Y has 5 million shares outstanding. If the market price per share of Company X is $120 and Company Y is $80, what is the new market capitalization of the combined entity after the acquisition (Assume the market price of Company X keeps constant after acquisition)? a) $2.1 billion b) $2.7 billion c) $1.7 billion d) $3.9 billion e) $2.7 billion 19. Which antitrust legislation allowed the Department of Justice (DOJ) or Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to rule on the permissibility of a merger prior to consummation? a) Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 b) Clayton Act of 1914 c) Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 d) Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950
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7 e) Hart-Scott-Rodino Act of 1976
8 20. Internal capital markets are most likely to result from ; whereas economies of scope are most likely to be achieved in . a) vertical mergers; horizontal mergers b) internal expansion; conglomerate mergers c) conglomerate mergers; horizontal mergers d) horizontal mergers; greenfield entry e) external expansion; vertical mergers
9 Answer both questions. Generous partial credit will be awarded, so be sure to articulate your steps as clearly as possible. Problem 1 Company Hoboken (H) Inc. is considering acquiring Company Union City (UC) Inc. in a merger deal. The financial details of both companies are as follows (If you think appropriate, please feel free to make additional assumptions.): Company H’s Financial Details: Current Market Capitalization: $800 million Annual Revenue: $150 million Net Profit Margin: 10% Total Debt: $200 million Cash and Cash Equivalents: $50 million Interest: $10 million Depreciation and Amortization: $35 million Company UC’s Financial Details: Current Market Capitalization: $600 million Annual Revenue: $120 million Net Profit Margin: 8% Total Debt: $150 million Cash and Cash Equivalents: $30 million Interest: $10 million Depreciation and Amortization: $25 million The companies have agreed on a purchase price of $1.2 billion for Company UC. Calculate the following financial metrics to help Company A evaluate the potential merger: 1. EBIT, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) Multiples: o Calculate the EBITDA for both companies. o Determine the EBITDA multiples for Company H and Company UC. o Comment on the valuation based on EBITDA multiples. 2. Debt-to-Equity Ratio Post-Merger: o Calculate the Debt-to-Equity ratio for both companies individually. o Determine the Debt-to-Equity ratio for the combined entity post- merger. o Analyze the impact of the merger on the leverage of the combined company. 3. Net Profit Margin Post-Merger: o Calculate the Net Profit for both companies individually. o Determine the Net Profit Margin for the combined entity post- merger. o Discuss the potential impact of the merger on the overall profitability. 4. Cash Position Post-Merger
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1 0 o Calculate the Net Cash position (Cash and Cash Equivalents minus Total Debt) for both companies individually.
1 1 o Determine the Net Cash position for the combined entity post- merger. o Evaluate the liquidity position of the combined company post-merger. Assume that the financial figures provided are the most recent fiscal year, and any calculations should be rounded to the nearest million for expositional simplicity. Problem 2 Instruction : This is an open-ended question. The problem requires a comprehensive understanding of financial concepts related to mergers and acquisitions that we discussed in class, as well as strategic thinking to address the challenges involved. If you think appropriate, please feel free to make additional assumptions. Company ABC is a multinational corporation operating in the technology sector and is considering acquiring Company XYZ, a rapidly growing startup in the same industry. The negotiation process is complex, involving various financial and strategic considerations. Here are the key financial details for both companies: Company ABC: Current Market Capitalization: $25 billion Annual Revenue: $10 billion EBITDA: $3.5 billion Total Debt: $8 billion Cash and Cash Equivalents: $5 billion Company XYZ: Current Valuation (pre-acquisition): $3 billion Annual Revenue: $500 million EBITDA: $150 million Total Debt: $100 million Cash and Cash Equivalents: $50 million The negotiation includes a mix of cash and stock as the acquisition consideration. Company ABC proposes to acquire 100% of the shares of Company XYZ for a total consideration of $4 billion, consisting of 60% cash and 40% in Company ABC's stock. 1. Synergy Estimation: a) Define and justify two types of synergies that could result from the acquisition. b) Quantify the potential financial impact of each synergy type, expressed as a percentage of Company XYZ's current valuation. 2. Stock Price Impact: a) Analyze how the announcement of the acquisition might impact Company ABC's stock price. b) Consider the Efficient Market Hypothesis and discuss potential market reactions.
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