ECON 351 - HW10

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Temple University *

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8003

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Finance

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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3

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CHAPTER 10: 1. The following entries (in millions of dollars) are from the balance sheet of Rivendell National Bank (RNB): U.S. Treasury bills $20 Checkable deposits 40 Mortgage-backed securities 30 Loans from other banks 5 C&I loans 50 Discount loans 5 Time deposits 40 Savings accounts 10 Reserve deposits with Federal Reserve 8 Vault Cash 5 Municipal bonds 5 Bank building 4 a) Use the entries to construct a balance sheet similar to the ones in Table 10.1 and Solved Problem 10.1 of the textbook, with Assets on the left side of the balance sheet, Liabilities and Bank Capital on the right side. Assets Liabilities US Treasury Bill- 20 Savings Account- 10 Mortgage Backed securities- 30 Time Deposits- 40 C and I Loans- 50 Discount Loans- 5 Municipal Bonds- 5 Loans from other banks- 5 Vault Cash- 5 Checkable Deposits- 40 Bank Building- 4 Reserve deposit with Federal Reserve- 8 Total: 122 Total: 100 b. RNB’s capital is what percentage of its assets? 22 / 122 = .18
So, the percentage of its assets is 18% 2. a. What is bank leverage? Bank leverage refers to the use of borrowed funds or debt to finance a bank's operations and investments b. Why might the managers of a bank want the bank to be highly leveraged? A manager of a bank would want the bank to be highly leveraged because it can help increase profitability. Because the bank is using debt, they will be able to increase their return on assets, which is cheaper compared to the cost of borrowing. Overall, a higher ROE means greater profitability. c. Why might the bank’s shareholders want the bank to be less highly leveraged? The shareholders of a bank would want the bank to be less highly leveraged because high amounts of exposure can increase risk and create financial instability. This could ultimately lead to bankruptcy. If a bankruptcy were to occur, then the shareholders equity will decline in value. Dividends payments could also be affected. If the bank is highly leveraged, they might not be able to absorb any unexpected losses which could deplete their assets. 3. a. Define the term “off-balance sheet” activities. Off balance sheet activities are transactions that do not appear on a company’s balance sheet, but these activities still have an effect on the company’s performance and finances. b. List two off-balance-sheet activities that banks use and briefly explain what they are. One primary example of an off-balance sheet activity used by a bank would be loan commitments. A loan commitment is when a bank agrees to provide a loan at a future date, but under the criteria that certain conditions are met. A loan commitment is not recorded on the balance sheet since there is a high financial risk if the borrower defaults. Another off-balance sheet activity that banks use are derivatives, which is a financial instrument with a value derived from another underlying asset such as a stock.
Derivatives are an off-balance sheet item because the value is not recorded to the balance sheet until they are settled.
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