Chapter 15 - Summary - Fundamanental of Corporate Finance
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Chapter 15: Raising Capital
The process of raising capital is a pivotal juncture in the life of a company, where strategic decisions can significantly shape its future trajectory. Chapter 15 embarks on an illuminating journey through the intricacies of raising capital, with a particular focus on Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). Within
these pages, readers will gain insights into the IPO process, regulatory considerations, and valuation dynamics. Drawing from real-world examples, including the iconic Google IPO, this chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of the steps involved in raising capital through IPOs, shedding light on the nuances and complexities that companies encounter in their quest for funding. To provide a practical and relatable context, the chapter introduces a mini-case study that delves into the experience of S&S Air, a small firm navigating the IPO process, highlighting the critical steps and considerations involved in taking a company public.
IPO Process: A Gateway to Public Capital
The chapter commences by unraveling the intricate IPO process, which serves as a gateway for companies to access public capital markets. An IPO marks the transition from a privately held company to a publicly traded one, enabling a firm to raise capital by issuing shares to external investors. Readers are guided through the essential steps, from the initial decision to go public to the selection of underwriters and the determination of offering price and size. The chapter also illuminates the role of the Dutch auction process, exemplified by the Google IPO, in which investors submit bids specifying the number of shares they wish to purchase and the price they are
willing to pay. The Dutch auction process is presented as an innovative alternative to traditional IPO pricing mechanisms, providing readers with valuable insights into the evolving landscape of capital raising.
Regulatory Aspects: Navigating the SEC's Rules
The regulatory landscape plays a pivotal role in the IPO journey, and this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the key considerations. It explores the regulatory framework established by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which oversees the issuance of securities in public markets. Particular attention is devoted to the SEC's quiet period rules, which restrict communication by company insiders and underwriters leading up to the IPO. The chapter elucidates the rationale behind these rules
and their implications for information dissemination and investor protection. Readers gain a deeper understanding of the delicate balance that must be struck between transparency and market fairness.
Rights and Warrants: Creative Tools in Fundraising
As companies navigate the capital-raising process, they often leverage financial instruments such as rights and warrants to enhance their fundraising capabilities. The chapter delves into the strategic use of rights issues, which grant existing shareholders the option to purchase additional shares at a predetermined price, and warrants, which are similar but can be traded separately from the underlying security. These creative tools empower companies to tap into existing investor bases and attract new investors, fostering capital infusion and growth opportunities. Through illustrative examples and case studies, readers gain a practical understanding of how rights and warrants can be harnessed to optimize capital raising.
Valuation Dynamics: The Art and Science of Pricing
Valuation lies at the heart of the IPO process, and this chapter offers readers a profound exploration of the intricacies involved in determining the offering price of shares. It introduces readers to the multifaceted art and science of IPO valuation, which encompasses both quantitative and qualitative factors. The chapter presents various methods used in IPO valuation, ranging from traditional approaches like discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to market-
based methods such as comparable company analysis (CCA) and precedent transactions analysis (PTA). Readers are guided through real-world case studies to witness firsthand how companies grapple with valuation challenges and make critical decisions to strike the right balance between maximizing proceeds and attracting investors.
Mini-Case: S&S Air's IPO Journey
To provide a tangible and relatable context, the chapter unfolds a mini-case study that immerses readers in the IPO journey of S&S Air, a small firm embarking on the path to becoming a publicly traded company. This narrative underscores the practical considerations and strategic choices faced by small firms when navigating the IPO process. Readers accompany S&S Air's management team as they evaluate the decision to go public, select underwriters, prepare the necessary financial disclosures, and engage with the regulatory authorities. Through the lens of S&S Air, readers gain valuable insights into the critical steps and considerations involved in raising capital through an IPO, as well as the unique challenges and opportunities that small firms encounter on this transformative journey.
In conclusion, Chapter 15: Raising Capital is a pivotal component of any finance curriculum, offering readers an immersive exploration of the process and considerations involved in raising capital through IPOs. With a focus on real-world examples, including the Google IPO, this chapter equips readers with a comprehensive understanding of the steps and challenges inherent in taking a company public. The elucidation of regulatory aspects and the role
of financial instruments like rights and warrants enriches readers' knowledge of the multifaceted world of capital raising. Furthermore, the mini-case study featuring S&S Air provides a practical and relatable context, allowing readers
to witness firsthand the strategic decisions and considerations involved in small firms' IPO journeys. Armed with this knowledge, readers are poised to navigate the complex terrain of capital raising with confidence and acumen, whether they are financial professionals, entrepreneurs, or students of finance.
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Chapter 12
Exercise/Problem 10 - Professional Venture Capital
Locate a venture capital-backed firm that recently completed and initial public offering (IPO). Provide a brief summary of the venture's history and success through the IPO and to date.
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Topic:
Part A (Essay): (15 marks)
Critically discuss the various aspects of capital investment appraisal and explain how you could evaluate an investment proposal in a
technology startup. In your discussions, you should also assess the cashflow generation, its financial viability, performance and non-financial
considerations of the startup.
You are expected to use relevant literatures and real business examples to support your discussions. In choosing your business examples,
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The report is worth 25% and has a maximum 1,500 words limit (excluding the title, tables, headings/sub-headings and references) and is to be
completed individually. To successfully complete the report, students are required to provide references within the report to at least four (4)
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A mark out of 100 will be awarded, which will in turn be converted to a score out of 15.
Hints: In making…
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What can be added to this or what comment can made?
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is a useful measure for businesses deciding whether or not to invest. WACC is a financial model that helps companies understand how investment decisions will effect their finances. Companies and investors will be able to determine whether or not to proceed with investment initiatives based on the information offered by applying WACC calculations, such as a company's share value. WACC will be used by financial analysts to determine critical investing parameters such as the net present value of a firm and the potential for future cash flows. WACC is used to complete these computations, and the result is divided by the number of shareholders' equity.
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1. What is the research of a publicly traded company that recently (within the past three years) went public through an IPO (initial public offering)?
2. What is the process of a company selling its shares to the public for the first time?
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Case Study #3: Chapter 6 Business Analysis -
A business can be valued by capitalizing its earnings stream (see example 6.15).
How might you use the same idea to value securities, especially the stock of large publicly held companies?
Is there a way to calculate a value that could be compared to the stock’s market price that would tell an investor whether it’s a good buy? (If the market price is lower than the calculated value, the stock is a bargain.)
What financial figures associated with shares of stock might be used in the calculation. Consider the per share figures and ratios discussed in chapter 3 including EPS, dividends, book value per share, etc.
Does one measure make more sense than the others?
What factors would make a stock worth more or less than your calculated value?
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2. You have studied the venture life cycle (stages of life) namely development, startup, survival, rapid, early maturity stage. Of course, every life hasneeds financing different. You as entrepreneurs must be able to create value for your business. You must multiply your investment in the development stage until the business develops and is expected to go public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the future.
a. Mention the type of financing at each stage of the life cycle and be given aexplanation brief
b. Mention major sources from point (a) above
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Discuss the additional problems which can arise when trying to value new issues of shares, such as IPO.
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In question C there is a plot of of cost of debt, cost of equity and cost of capital. Can you show how r_a is calculated to be 0.18667?
r_d = Cost of debt
r_a = cost of capital
r_e = Cost of equity
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