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6) Suppose that the European central bank increased money supply right after you bought the European financial assets. How that change might affect the expected return you will get at the end of the period as an American investor? (Use graphs)

If a central bank decreases interest rates, then gradually: a. the country's gross domestic product is likely to decrease. b. foreign exchange rate is likely to appreciate. c. demand for exported goods and services is likely to increase. d. flows of investment funds into the country are likely to decrease.

3. Consider the monetary neutrality. Suppose that the central bank changed the money supply. According to economists’ assumption on monetary neutrality, could the change affect the employment in the short-run? How about in the long-run? Short-run: Long-run:

part-a: What is the difference between direct finance and indirect finance?  part-b: What are the main institutions in the direct finance system of an economy? What are the main institutions that constitute the indirect finance system in a country? part-c: What are the sources of national saving in a closed economy? Does a government increasing taxes and / or social security transfers impact the amount of national savings in a closed economy? Why or why not? (Hint: Consider the savings identity for this question.)  part-d: Where does the demand for loanable funds come from in a closed economy? How does a government adopting a policy of taxing investment from the private sector impact the demand for loanable funds? What happens to the equilibrium interest rate following this policy? Illustrate using the supply and demand in the market for loanable funds.

What reforms to the financial system might reduce its exposure to systemic risk?

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Firms require capital to invest in productive opportunities. The best firms with the most profitable opportunities can attract capital away from inefficient firms with less profitable opportunities. Investors supply firms with capital at a cost called the interest rate. The interest rate that investors require is determined by several factors, including the availability of production opportunities, the time preference for current consumption, risk, and inflation. Suppose the Federal Reserve (the Fed) decides to tighten credit by contracting the money supply. Use the following graph by moving the black X to show what happens to the equilibrium level of borrowing and the new equilibrium interest rate. S2 S1 16 D Equilibrium INTEREST RATE, r (Percent)

Q (B) Which of the following statements about central bank objectives are​ true?   A. Central banks can have several​ objectives, but their actions need to provide a​ “nominal anchor” for the economy   B. All statements are true   C. A strict inflation target is a way to provide a​ “nominal anchor” for the economy   D. In​ principle, one of the goals of a central bank could be to slow down climate change

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Multinational Finance and investment Q2 c) Illustrate how to synthesize a forward hedging strategy by using only the money markets, in order to hedge against the foreign exchange risk. d) Use a numerical example to illustrate that when there is a large change in the interest rate, the approximation error by using the duration and convexity rule is smaller than the approximation error by using the duration rule only.

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