Weekly English Practice: Key Strategies for Banking Exams

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4 Preface Dear students, English Language plays a very significant role in banking and other competitive exams. This section is also a major deciding factor in your success in every leg of your examination. The English section can be tremendously scoring if one handles this section with all one’s dedication, attention and care. One of the key factors in attaining success in any field is the age old concept of “practice makes a man perfect.” Although some people might have an innate knack for a particular subject or skill, the truth is mastery takes time, repetition and pushing oneself out of one’s comfort zone – there is no shortcut! Now, in the case of major banking and insurance exams, adequate and appropriate practice materials aren't easily available. The contents you'll rely on for the sake of practising must be exam-specific and relevant. So, I've come up with ''Vijeta''(that translates to 'success finder') - a free-to-all biweekly magazine for the English language that targets all the major banking and insurance exams throughout the country. Every question in this magazine has been framed with utmost care and attention keeping in mind that millions of you will be highly benefited. All the different patterns of questions from this section that appear in the exams have been furnished in a very organised manner. You'll only need to carry on practising consistently, as steady and consistent practice yields steady and consistent results. Your invaluable suggestions are heartily welcome, as we believe in relentless improvement.

5 INDEX S.No. Chapter Name Page no 1. PHRASE FILLERS QUESTIONS 6-13 2. IDIOMS BASED QUESTION 14-21 3. PJ+ WORD SWAP QUESTION 22-30 4. CONNECTORS QUESTIONS 31-38 5. FILLERS BASED COLUMNS QUESTIONS 39-50 6. RC + PHRASE REPLACEMENT QUESTION 51-59

CHAPTER -1 PHRASE FILLERS QUESTIONS Direction (1-10): A paragraph is given below with 5 blanks. Below 5 different phrases are also given, which will fill these blanks and make a coherent passage. You are required to find the correct place for these phrases and fill in the blanks. (1) Sustainable agriculture, often called the "green revolution," offers hope amid food production challenges and climate change, where the future of our planet ____M________ . It shifts from yield-centric farming to holistic approaches that balance ecology, economics, and equity. Key principles include regenerative practices that prioritize organic farming, reduce synthetic chemicals, and employ natural pest control, all of which ______N______ benefiting soil health and ecosystems. Crop diversity and rotation enhance soil fertility, reduce pests, and preserve agricultural biodiversity. Efficient water management and agroforestry techniques ____O____, minimizing waste and promoting sustainability. Ethical aspects ______P_______ involving fair treatment of farmworkers, local food systems, and community support for farmers. In summary, sustainable agriculture seeks to ______Q_____ nourishing a growing population while safeguarding nature, promoting economic stability, and empowering communities. 1. get the ball rolling 2. hangs in the balance 3. wrap one’s head around 4. Stand up to scrutiny 5. bring to the table 1. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place M? A. 1

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7 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 2. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place N? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 3. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place O? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 4. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place P?

8 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 5. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place Q? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 (2) Addiction is a multi-dimensional issue and dealing with it requires a holistic approach. Addiction is not just an individual’s problem; it is a societal issue as it causes collective harm and collective efforts are required to tackle it. But society often ostracises and stigmatises the addicts, excluding them further. One of the key elements involved in the therapies is societal acceptance and a feeling of belongingness. But most of the time, society shies away from its duty to support its individuals when they need it the most. At a time when society should step up and _____M________ it shuts the doors right on their faces. The stigma created by society leads to their further exclusion, exacerbating the problem.

9 Experts deem addiction as a preventable and treatable issue. But generally, this is not the approach adopted by society. Many people stereotypically _______N________ Some even feel that such persons “deserve” to suffer. This view driven by purity-pollution values and an “us versus them mentality”resolves nothing. Some so-called “social champions”, driven by political ambitions, ______O________ Some personalities also _________P__________ but all in vain. Harsh methods deployed to deal with addiction do not _________Q___________ At best, they serve short-term personal goals. 1. work in the long run 2. deploy harsh methods such as violence and humiliation 3. hold the hands of the needy 4. try unscientific and illogical ways to resolve these issues 5. deem addiction as a vice requiring no further action 6. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place M? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 7. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place N? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3

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10 D. 4 E. 5 8. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place O? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 9. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place P? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 10. Which of the following phrases can contextually and grammatically fill the place Q?

11 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

12 ANSWERS: 1. B Explanation: hangs in the balance- Be in a precarious condition or in a state of suspense. 2. D Explanation: stand up to scrutiny- something that survives close examination or examination with care. 3. E Explanation: bring to the table- to do something that will benefit others. 4. A Explanation: get the ball rolling- set an activity in motion; make a start. 5. C Explanation: wrap one's head around- to find a way to understand or accept (something). 6. C Explanation: hold the hands of the needy- to support 7. E Explanation: Many people stereotypically deem addiction as a vice requiring no further action.

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13 8. B Explanation: Some so-called “social champions”, driven by political ambitions, deploy harsh methods such as violence and humiliation to deal with addicts. 9. D Explanation: Some personalities also try unscientific and illogical ways to resolve these issues, but all in vain. 10. A Explanation: work in the long run- Over a lengthy period of time, in the end.

CHAPTER -2 IDIOMS BASED QUESTIONS Directions (1-10): In the given questions, an idiom is highlighted. Out of the given options, identify the option in which the correct meaning of the idiom is given. 1. The new employee had to hit the ground running when she joined the fast-paced company, but she quickly adapted to the ________. a) steep learning curve b) nail in the coffin c) icing on the cake A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 2. Despite facing numerous obstacles, Sarah remained calm and composed, always managing to ________ in challenging situations. a) paint the town red b) keep her nose to the grindstone c) sweep things under the rug A. Only b

15 B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 3. John's refusal to apologize for his mistake was like adding ________ to the already strained relationship with his colleagues. a) fuel to the fire b) a piece of cake c) a shot in the dark A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 4. When the project was completed ahead of schedule, it was the perfect ________ for the hardworking team. a) nail in the coffin b) a penny for your thoughts c) icing on the cake

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16 A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 5. Instead of dwelling on past failures, Lisa decided to ________ and focus on her upcoming opportunities. a) go the extra mile b) throw in the towel c) close but no cigar A. Only b B. Both a and c C. Only a D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 6. In the world of business, you need to be prepared to ________ and take advantage of unexpected opportunities. a) hit the ground running b) seize the bull by the horns

17 c) count your chickens before they hatch A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 7. Tim's persistent efforts and commitment to his goals were the reason he was able to achieve success. He truly kept his ________. a) head in the clouds b) cool under pressure c) nose to the grindstone A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 8. Jack's excuse for being late to the meeting was so outrageous that nobody believed him; it was like he was ________________. a) pulling a rabbit out of a hat

18 b) crying over spilled milk c) counting his chickens before they hatch A. Only b B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. All a, b, and c 9. Robert was so anxious about his upcoming presentation that he felt like he had ________________. a) a lot on his plate b) a frog in his throat c) a shot in the dark A. All a, b, and c B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. Only b 10. The team's effort to win the championship was ________________ after they lost their star player to an injury.

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19 a) a penny for your thoughts b) like a breath of fresh air c) up in the air A. All a, b, and c B. Only a C. Both a and c D. Only c E. Only b

20 ANSWERS: 1. B Explanation: Steep learning curve- a situation in which someone has to learn a lot in a short period of time. 2. A Explanation: keep her nose to the grindstone- a situation in which someone has to learn a lot in a short period of time. 3. B Explanation: fuel to the fire- when you do or say something that makes a miserable situation even worse 4. D Explanation: icing on the cake- an attractive but inessential addition or enhancement. 5. C Explanation: go the extra mile- make a special effort to achieve something. 6. A Explanation: seize the bull by the horns- to do something difficult in a brave and determined way. 7. D Explanation: nose to the grindstone- to do hard, continuous work

21 8. B Explanation: pulling a rabbit out of a hat- to unexpectedly do something which solves a problem or helps you to achieve something. 9. E Explanation: a frog in his throat- to be unable to speak normally because one's throat is dry and hoarse. 10. D Explanation: up in the air- (of a plan or issue) still to be settled; unresolved.

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CHAPTER -3 PJ+ WORD SWAP Directions (1-10): In the given questions, some para jumbled sentences are given. Four words are highlighted in each sentence which may or may not need to be swapped with the other word to create a meaningful sentence. First arrange the words in a correct order and then arrange the para jumbled sentences in a correct order. (1) P. Older adults had the lowest loneliness rates, with only 17% of those aged 65 and older reporting feelings of loneliness. Q. This survey “is a really good reminder that loneliness is not just a problem of aging — it’s a problem that can affect everyone at any age.” R. There is a lot of (a)dangers pointing to the (b)research of loneliness and social (c)isolation among older adults,” Ellyn Maese, a senior research (d)consultant with Gallup, told CNN. S. The new survey, taken across 142 countries, found 24% of people age 15 and older self-reported feeling very or fairly lonely in response to the question, “How lonely do you feel?” T. (a)over half of adults age 45 and older reported not feeling lonely at (b)majority , while the (c)all of those younger than 45 (d)answered that they felt at least a little lonely, if not very or fairly lonely. U. The survey also (a)found that the (b)rates of loneliness were highest in young adults, with 27% of young adults ages 19 to 29 (c)reporting feeling very or (d)fairly lonely.

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23 R. “There is a lot of (a)consultant pointing to the (b)research of loneliness and social (c)dangers among older adults,” Ellyn Maese, a senior research (d)isolation with Gallup, told CNN. 1. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Only a-c B. Only b-d C. Both b-c and a-d D. Only a-d E. No swapping required T. (a) over half of adults age 45 and older reported not feeling lonely at (b)majority , while the (c)all of those younger than 45 (d)answered that they felt at least a little lonely, if not very or fairly lonely. 2. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Only b-c B. Only b-d C. Both b-c and d-a D. Only a-b E. No swapping required

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24 U. The survey also (a)rates that the (b)found of loneliness were highest in young adults, with 27% of young adults ages 19 to 29 (c)fairly feeling very or (d)reporting lonely. 3. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Only b-c B. Only b-d C. Both a-b and c-d D. Only a-b E. No swapping required 4. Which of the following combinations is the combination of THREE ALTERNATE statements after the correct rearrangement? A. PTQ B. SPR C. UPR D. TRQ E. SUP

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25 5. Which of the following options is the pair of the ANTEPENULTIMATE statement and the PENULTIMATE statement, respectively, after the correct rearrangement? A. UP B. SU C. SQ D. TQ E. TR (2) P. He also stated that "nothing can (a)targets the (b)civilians killing, injuring, and kidnapping of (c)deliberate, or the launching of rockets against civilian (d)justify. " Q. Guterres then added a long list of Israeli (a)appalling and — perhaps (b)unconsciously expecting the reaction that followed — said, “But the (c)grievances of the Palestinian people cannot justify the (d)misdeeds attacks by Hamas. R. And those appalling attacks cannot justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people. S. But he went on to say, “It is important to also recognize the attacks by Hamas did not happen in a vacuum.” T. At a meeting of the UN Security Council on Tuesday, Guterres (a)massacres to the October 7 (b)referred in which the (c)hostages group Hamas killed more than 1,400 people in Israel and took hundreds of (d)terrorist to underground tunnels in Gaza as "appalling." U. It is essential to remember that even in times of conflict, "Excellencies, even war has rules."

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26 P. He also stated that "nothing can (a)targets the (b)civilians killing, injuring, and kidnapping of (c)deliberate, or the launching of rockets against civilian (d)justify. " 6. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Only b-c B. Only b-d C. Both a-d and b-c D. Only a-b E. No swapping required Q. Guterres then added a long list of Israeli (a)appalling and — perhaps (b)unconsciously expecting the reaction that followed — said, “But the (c)grievances of the Palestinian people cannot justify the (d)misdeeds attacks by Hamas. 7. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Only b-c B. Only a-d C. Both a-d and b-c D. Only a-b E. No swapping required

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27 T. At a meeting of the UN Security Council on Tuesday, Guterres (a)massacres to the October 7 (b)referred in which the (c)hostages group Hamas killed more than 1,400 people in Israel and took hundreds of (d)terrorist to underground tunnels in Gaza as "appalling." 8. The position of which of the following words should be swapped to make a grammatically and contextually correct sentence? A. Both a-b and c-d B. Only a-d C. Both a-d and b-c D. Only a-b E. No swapping required 9. Which of the following options is the pair of the INTRODUCTORY statement and the TERMINAL statement, respectively, after the correct rearrangement? A. PR B. SQ C. QR D. TU E. SP 10. Which of the following combinations is the combination of THREE CONSECUTIVE statements after the correct rearrangement?

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28 A. SPT B. QRU C. PRT D. TPS E. QPT

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29 ANSWER 1. D Explanation: Correct sentence: There is a lot of isolation pointing to the research of loneliness and social dangers among older adults,” Ellyn Maese, a senior research consultant with Gallup, told CNN. 2. A Explanation: Correct sentence: Over half of adults age 45 and older reported not feeling lonely at all , while the majority of those younger than 45 answered that they felt at least a little lonely, if not very or fairly lonely. 3. C Explanation: Correct sentence: The survey also found that the rates of loneliness were highest in young adults, with 27% of young adults ages 19 to 29 reporting feeling very or fairly lonely. 4. B Explanation: Correct sequence: SUPTRQ 5. E Explanation: Correct sequence: SUPTRQ

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30 6. C Explanation: Correct sentence: He also stated that "nothing can justify the deliberate killing, injuring, and kidnapping of civilians, or the launching of rockets against civilian targets. 7. B Explanation: Correct sentence: Guterres then added a long list of Israeli misdeeds and — perhaps unconsciously expecting the reaction that followed — said, “But the grievances of the Palestinian people cannot justify the appalling attacks by Hamas. 8. A Explanation: Correct sentence: At a meeting of the UN Security Council on Tuesday, Guterres referred to the October 7 massacres in which the terrorist group Hamas killed more than 1,400 people in Israel and took hundreds of hostages to underground tunnels in Gaza as "appalling." 9. D Explanation: Correct rearrangement : TPSQRU 10. B Explanation: Correct rearrangement : TPSQRU

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CHAPTER -4 CONNECTORS QUESTIONS Directions(1-10): In the given question, two statements and four connectors are given. Only one of the connectors from the given options can be used to connect the two sentences without changing the meaning. Choose that connector as your answer. If no connector can be used to connect the sentences, mark option E ‘none of these’ as your answer. 1. I. Sahil was passionate about environmental conservation. II. He dedicated her weekends to volunteering at the local nature reserve. A. Although B. Furthermore C. However D. For instance E. None of these 2. I. His journey from a small town to a thriving metropolis. II. Embodies the classic rags-to-riches story that inspires countless dreamers around the world. A. To illustrate B. Moreover C. In light of

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32 D. Despite E. None of these 3. I. The sudden drop in stock prices caused panic among investors, leading to a wave of sell-offs and a sharp decline in market confidence. II. Financial institutions had to implement emergency measures to stabilize the economy. A. Despite B. In other words C. Conversely D. Consequently E. None of these 4. I. His passion for mountain climbing persisted throughout his life, and he continued to conquer the world's tallest peaks. II. The physical challenges and risks associated with high-altitude expeditions grew more pronounced as he aged. A. Despite B. In other words C. Albeit D. Consequently

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33 E. None of these 5. I. Atul decision to pursue a career in filmmaking was met with skepticism from his family, who had traditionally valued more conventional professions; II. He remained steadfast in his passion and eventually achieved critical acclaim for his unique storytelling and cinematic style. A. In other words B. Despite C. On the other hand D. Since E. None of these 6. I. His responsibilities at the company included managing a team, overseeing complex projects, and handling high-stakes client negotiations. II. He was expected to contribute to the development of the company's long-term strategic vision, which made his role both demanding and rewarding. A. In other words B. On top of that C. On the other hand D. Despite

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34 E. None of these 7. I. John had a strong passion for science and pursued a degree in physics. II. He also dedicated countless hours to conducting experiments and research in his home laboratory. A. In the same vein B. Moreover C. In light of D. Despite E. None of these 8. I. Her unwavering commitment to her education, coupled with her tireless community service efforts, led to a scholarship to a prestigious university. II. She not only achieved her dream of higher education but also made a significant impact on the lives of those she had helped through her volunteer work. A. In the same vein B. As a result C. In light of D. Despite E. None of these

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35 9. I. Sarah excelled in academics and was a talented athlete. II. She managed to balance her rigorous training schedule with her dedication to her studies, achieving success both in the classroom and on the field. A. Hence B. Moreover C. In a similar fashion D. Despite E. Notwithstanding 10. I. His knowledge of the industry was extensive, and his ability to adapt to changing market conditions was impressive. II. His leadership skills and strategic insights were highly valued by the company's executive team. A. In the same vein B. As a result C. In light of D. Despite E. What’s more

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36 ANSWERS : 1. B Explanation: “Furthermore” connects ideas to add more information or evidence. The complete statement would be: Sahil was passionate about environmental conservation. Furthermore, he dedicated her weekends to volunteering at the local nature reserve. 2. A Explanation: The connector “To illustrate” is used to connect the ideas of two different sentences, phrases, or sections. The complete statement would be: His journey from a small town to a thriving metropolis, to illustrate, embodies the classic rags-to-riches story that inspires countless dreamers around the world. 3. D Explanation: “Consequently” signifies a result or consequence of a previous statement. The complete statement would be: The sudden drop in stock prices caused panic among investors, leading to a wave of sell-offs and a sharp decline in market confidence; consequently, financial institutions had to implement emergency measures to stabilize the economy. 4. C Explanation: “Albeit” is used to introduce a subordinate clause that qualifies or contrasts with the information given in the main clause of a sentence.

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37 The complete statement would be: His passion for mountain climbing persisted throughout his life, and he continued to conquer the world's tallest peaks, albeit the physical challenges and risks associated with high-altitude expeditions grew more pronounced as he aged. 5. D Explanation: “Alternatively” used in a way that offers a choice between two or more things. The complete statement would be: Atul decision to pursue a career in filmmaking was met with skepticism from his family, who had traditionally valued more conventional professions; alternatively, he remained steadfast in his passion and eventually achieved critical acclaim for his unique storytelling and cinematic style. 6. B Explanation: “On top of that” is used in addition to something, especially something unpleasant. The complete statement would be: His responsibilities at the company included managing a team, overseeing complex projects, and handling high-stakes client negotiations; on top of that , he was expected to contribute to the development of the company's long-term strategic vision, which made his role both demanding and rewarding. 7. A Explanation: “In the same vein” is used to indicate that two or more things are the same, similar, or closely related. The complete statement would be: John had a strong passion for science and pursued a degree in physics. In the same vein, he also dedicated countless hours to conducting experiments and research in his home laboratory.

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38 8. B Explanation: “As a result” serves as a connector in sentences to provide explanations, reasons, or justifications for something that has occurred or for a decision that has been made. The complete statement would be: Her unwavering commitment to her education, coupled with her tireless community service efforts, led to a scholarship to a prestigious university; as a result, she not only achieved her dream of higher education but also made a significant impact on the lives of those she had helped through her volunteer work. 9. C Explanation: “In a similar fashion” is used to indicate how something is done in a similar way to something else. The complete statement would be: Sarah excelled in academics and was a talented athlete. In a similar fashion, she managed to balance her rigorous training schedule with her dedication to her studies, achieving success both in the classroom and on the field. 10. E Explanation: What’s more is used to introduce an extra piece of information which supports or emphasizes the point you are making. The complete statement would be: His knowledge of the industry was extensive, and his ability to adapt to changing market conditions was impressive. What's more, his leadership skills and strategic insights were highly valued by the company's executive team.

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CHAPTER -5 FILLERS BASED COLUMNS QUESTIONS Direction (1-10): In the following question, a table is given with two columns. In column I, three sentences are given with one blank in each of them. In column II, three phrases / phrasal verbs are given. You've to choose the correct pairs of the statement and the phrase / phrasal verb that will fit in that particular sentence correctly and make that sentence contextually correct. 1. Column A Column B A) After years of hard work and dedication, he finally managed to ________________ by quitting his old job and starting a new career. D) face the music B) After their disagreement, they decided to ______________ and work together on the project. E) turn over a new leaf C) She knew she had made a mistake, but she decided to _______________ and accept the consequences of her actions." F) bury the hatchet A. AE, BF and CD B. AF and CE C. AF, BD and CE D. BE and CD

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40 E. None of the above options 2. Column A Column B A) Despite the challenges, they decided to ______________ and carefully plan their business expansion. D) hold their horses B) After the heated argument, they agreed to ___________ and continue the discussion tomorrow." E) call it a day C) When he realized he had forgotten his anniversary, he had to ___________ and quickly plan a special evening for his wife. F) bite the bullet A. AE, BF and CD B. AF and CE C. AF, BD and CE D. AD and CF E. None of the above options 3. Column A Column B

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41 A) After a series of setbacks, they decided to ________________ for a successful outcome in the upcoming presentation. D) back to the drawing board B) When they realized their plan was too ambitious, they had to _______________ and come up with a more feasible strategy. E) cut their losses C) After failing to secure funding for their project, they had to ___________ and look for new opportunities. F) keep their fingers crossed A. AE, BF and CD B. Only BD C. AE, BD and CF D. AD and CF E. None of the above options 4. Column A Column B A) He had to deal with the unexpected challenges that arose during the project, but his determination and problem-solving skills helped him ________ the obstacles successfully. D) carry on with B) The team needed to fall behind on a solution quickly, so they decided to ________ their usual E) build up

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42 meeting schedule to address the urgent issue. C) The team needed to ___________ a solution quickly, so they decided to establishing their usual meeting schedule to address the urgent issue. F) get over A. AE, BF and CD B. Only BD C. AF, BD and CE D. AD and CF E. None of the above options 5. Column A Column B A) The project was facing numerous challenges, but the team's ability to ________ the issues and bring in innovative solutions helped them stay on track. D) put up with B) In a rapidly changing business environment, companies must be prepared to deal with their strategies and ________ with market trends to remain competitive. E) run into C) The team decided to call off the current project and ________ a new initiative aimed at improving customer satisfaction. F) put off

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43 A. Only AD B. Only BD C. AF, BD and CE D. AD and CF E. None of the above options 6. Column A Column B A)The committee aims to take up the welfare of underprivileged children by ________ a charity drive to collect essential supplies for them. D) stand up for B) The organization's primary goal is to take up the welfare of the community by ________ various charitable activities. E) carry on with C) Despite the setbacks, the young entrepreneur was determined to ________ her business plan and achieve her dream of becoming a successful business owner. F) bringing about A. Only AD B. Only CE C. AF, BD and CE D. AD and CF E. None of the above options

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44 7. Column A Column B A) In the world of finance, staying ahead of the curve requires a keen understanding of market trends and the ability to ________ opportunities before they become mainstream. D) mitigate B) However, it's equally important to ________ the risks associated with these ventures. E) seize C) Those who can ________ these emerging trends often find themselves in a strong position to capitalize on new markets and investment opportunities. F) exploit A. Only AD B. Only CE C. AE, BD and CF D. AD and CF E. None of the above options Direction (8-10): In the following question, a table is given with two columns. In column I, three sentences are given with one word in each of them. In column II, three meanings of the word are given in column I is placed. You've to choose the correct pairs of the statement and the phrase / phrasal verb that will convey the correct meaning of that word. 8.

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45 Column A Column B A) After the unexpected change in leadership, the company needed to shake up its management team to improve efficiency and innovation. D) make radical changes to the organization or structure of an institution or system. B) She was determined to stand by her principles even when faced with criticism and challenges. E) be ready to deal or assist with something. C) The team had to break down the complex problem into smaller, more manageable parts in order to find a solution. F) suddenly cease to function. A. Only AD B. Only CE C. AE, BD and CF D. AD, BE and CF E. None of the above options 9. Column A Column B A) The entrepreneur had to cut back on unnecessary expenses to ensure the financial stability of the startup during its early stages. D) to continue in a strong and determined way until the end of something, even when this is difficult

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46 B) The young chef hopes to carve out a niche for himself in the highly competitive world of gourmet cuisine with his unique recipes and creative cooking style. E) reduce the amount or quantity of something, especially expenditure. C) The athlete managed to power through the pain and exhaustion, ultimately winning the marathon. F) to suddenly start running; to start running faster than before A. AD and CE B. Only CE C. AE, BD and CF D. AD, BE and CF E. None of the above options 10. Column A Column B A) The company decided to phase out its older product line to make way for the new, more advanced models. D) faster about doing something than other people, companies, etc. B) In order to keep up with the rapidly evolving technology industry, professionals need to stay ahead of the curve by continuously updating their skills and knowledge." E) expose or reveal; make conspicuous.

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47 C) After years of perseverance, she was finally able to turn around her struggling business and make it profitable again. F) continue an activity or task. A. AD and CE B. Only BD C. AE, BD and CF D. AD, BE and CF E. None of the above options

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48 ANSWERS: 1. A Explanation: AE: turn over a new leaf - start to act or behave in a better or more responsible way. BF- bury the hatchet- end a quarrel or conflict and become friendly. CD- face the music- be confronted with the unpleasant consequences of one's actions. 2. D Explanation: AD: hold their horses- wait a moment. CF: bite the bullet- decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over. 3. B Explanation: BD- back to the drawing board- used to indicate that an idea, scheme, or proposal has been unsuccessful and that a new one must be devised. 4. B Explanation: AF- get over- recover from an ailment or an upsetting or startling experience. BD- build up- assemble or accumulate something by putting parts or material together.

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49 CE- carry on with- continue an activity or task. 5. A Explanation: AD- put up with- tolerate or endure something. 6. B Explanation: CE- carry on with- continue an activity or task. 7. C Explanation: AE- In the world of finance, staying ahead of the curve requires a keen understanding of market trends and the ability to seize opportunities before they become mainstream. BD- However, it's equally important to mitigate the risks associated with these ventures. CF- Those who can exploit these emerging trends often find themselves in a strong position to capitalize on new markets and investment opportunities. 8. D Explanation: AE- shake up - make radical changes to the organization or structure of an institution or system. BD- stand by- be ready to deal or assist with something.

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50 CF- break down- suddenly cease to function. 9. A Explanation: AD- cut back on- to continue in a strong and determined way until the end of something, even when this is difficult CE- power through- reduce the amount or quantity of something, especially expenditure. 10. B Explanation: BD- stay ahead of the curve- faster about doing something than other people, companies, etc.

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CHAPTER -6 RC + PHRASE REPLACEMENT Direction (1-7) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below them. Growing up in the Bronx of the late 1980s, Emanuel Adjekum never felt he lacked things to see or places to go. He loved the city sounds, playing wiffle ball and simply being in the mix of neighbours who looked after one another, gathered for block parties and organised trips to Six Flags Great Adventure. He couldn’t imagine loving the outdoors more. Then, in 1990, when he was 7 years old, he spent the summer in Prattsburgh, N.Y., living with a host family through the Fresh Air Fund. His mother thought he should experience a different kind of nature. Living in the tranquillity of the countryside around the Finger Lakes, with its vast farmland and rolling hills, was unsettling at first. “I couldn’t sleep because all I could hear was the crickets,” Mr. Adjekum said. His host family helped immerse him in rural life, easing his fear of sticking out. His host brother and father taught him how to fish and hunt — activities that were foreign to him. Hunting, with its need for precision and understanding of one’s surroundings, was a time not only to bond with his host family but also to practise independence and responsibility. “Self-discipline was very important for them,” he said. Those are skills he’s now proud to have, and the stillness of the fields and the space to roam have become a comfort. As much as he relished his adventures at Six Flags, he realised that there were also other ways of being. He could enjoy nature without the constraint of navigating the city’s congestion. His anxiety decreased the more time he spent upstate, and he began to see just how much stress he harboured and considered to be normal.

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52 The fund’s Friendly Towns program lasted two weeks, and after his third year, he decided to stay for the entire summer. As a teenager, he got a job stacking bales of hay and learned the joy of working with your hands to complete an intensive task. Striving for that goal taught him the “psychology of life,” Mr. Adjekum said. He grew close to other members of the community, too. The mother of his girlfriend in Prattsburgh stuck up for him when some kids were not as welcoming, he said. She and others in the community were so supportive of his growth and education that he ended up moving in with his host family to attend high school in Prattsburgh. His mother believed he would have access to the best possible resources living upstate. He played on the school’s basketball and baseball teams with his host brother, who was one year older. “We were like peanut butter and jelly,” Mr. Adjekum said. The move shifted the trajectory of his life forever. After graduating from high school, he went to community college, got his bachelor’s degree and began a career in media production and then recruitment. Mr. Adjekum, now 40, said he remains in touch with his host family and “upstate brother.” He recently returned to Prattsburgh when his host father fell ill. His son is now the age Mr. Adjekum was when he first went to Prattsburgh, and he is imparting to his child the lessons of respect and _____(A)____ that he learned through the community that embraced him. He wants his son to have the same opportunities to experience as many ways of living and learning as possible, to have an expanded view of the world. “It opened so many doors that I didn’t even know existed,” he said. “It’s like being in a store and you don’t even know that, hey, behind this door, there’s all this.” The Fresh Air Fund aims to reach close to 3,000 New York City children from low-income families across its various programs. A donation of $3,047 allows one participant to stay with a host family, and $2,866 sends one to camp for a two-week session. The fund hopes to raise about $12 million this year.

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53 1: What motivated Emanuel's mother to send him to Prattsburgh through the Fresh Air Fund program in 1990? A. She wanted him to experience the excitement of Six Flags Great Adventure. B. She believed he needed to improve his fishing and hunting skills. C. She thought he should experience a different kind of nature. D. She wanted him to visit a city with diverse neighbours. E. She hoped he would find a summer job in Prattsburgh. 2: Choose the most suitable word to fill the given blank (A) ? a. Rejection b. Acceptance c. Dissention A. Only a B. Only b C. Both a and b

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54 D. Both b and c E. All of a, b and c 3: What impact did Emanuel's time in Prattsburgh have on his anxiety levels? A. It increased his anxiety due to the unfamiliar surroundings. B. It had no effect on his anxiety. C. It made him more anxious about city life. D. It decreased his anxiety over time. E. It intensified his anxiety about the outdoors. 4: What was Emanuel Adjekum's initial reaction to spending a summer in Prattsburgh, N.Y.? A. He was excited and couldn't wait to experience rural life. B. He felt uneasy and had trouble sleeping due to the quiet countryside. C. He immediately fell in love with the tranquillity of the Finger Lakes. D. He missed the city sounds and activities of the Bronx.

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55 E. He found the experience to be just like his life in the Bronx. 5: What impact did Emanuel Adjekum's time in Prattsburgh have on his life trajectory? A . It led him to a career in media production. B . It made him an expert in urban navigation. C . It introduced him to city congestion. D . It shifted the trajectory of his life positively. E . It limited his opportunities for growth. 6: Which of the following options can be the appropriate Synonym (s) of the word ‘Tranquillity’ , as used in the above passage? a. Turbulence b. Agitation c. Serenity A. Only c B. Only b C. Both a and b D. Both b and c E. All of a, b and c

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56 7: Which of the following options can be the appropriate Antonym (s) of the word ‘Expanded’ , as used in the above passage? a. Condensed b. Widened c. Amplified A. Only c B. Only b C. Only a D. Both b and c E. All of a, b and c Directions (8-10): In the following questions, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select ‘No improvement is required’ as your answer. 8: The company's trademark have been registered with the relevant government authorities, providing legal protection for their brand. A. are being registered B. has been registered C. is register D. have been register

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57 E. No improvement is required. 9: Investing in renewable energy infrastructure would only cost India a little in the long run, as it would lead to significant savings on fossil fuel imports and environmental benefits. A. would only cost India little B. would only costing India little C. will only cost India little D. will cost India only a little E. No improvement is required. 10: Her victory in the competition was declared after a thorough review of the judges' scores and performance assessments. A. were declared B. was declare C. is declare D. will declare E. No improvement is required.

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58 ANSWER 1. Ans: C Explanation: The passage mentions that Emanuel's mother wanted him to experience a different kind of nature, particularly the countryside around the Finger Lakes in Prattsburgh. 2. Ans: B Explanation: Rejection- the dismissing or refusing of a proposal, idea, etc. Acceptance- the action of consenting to receive or undertake something offered. Dissention- strong disagreement; a contention or quarrel; discord. 3. Ans: D Explanation: According to the passage, Emanuel's anxiety decreased the more time he spent in the countryside, indicating that it had a calming effect on him. 4. Ans: B Explanation: Emanuel Adjekum initially felt uneasy and had trouble sleeping due to the quiet countryside in Prattsburgh. 5. Ans: E Explanation The given sentence is correct. 6. Ans: D Explanation: The passage mentions that his move to Prattsburgh shifted the trajectory of his life forever, leading to further education and career opportunities.

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59 7. Ans: C Explanation: Condensed- to make or become more close, compact, concise, or dense. Widened- make or become wider 8. Ans: B Explanation: The company's trademark has been registered with the relevant government authorities, providing legal protection for their brand. 9. Ans: A Explanation: Investing in renewable energy infrastructure would only cost India little in the long run, as it would lead to significant savings on fossil fuel imports and environmental benefits. 10. Ans: A Explanation: Turbulence- violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid. Agitation- a state of anxiety or nervous excitement. Serenity- the state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.

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WEEKLY_MAINS_VIJETA_MAGAZINE_BY_NIMISHA_BANSAL_30_OCT_TO_4_NOV_2023

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