LIT5353-Module 4 Application (1)

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American College of Education *

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5353

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English

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Jun 18, 2024

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pdf

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1 Module 4 Application Selecting or Creating Strategies American College of Education LIT 5353: Linguistics and Literature Dr. Karisa King June 16, 2024

2 Introduction We are all working on building a positive school and classroom climate in today's schools. Building positive bonds and healthy relationships with our students are vital precursors to a student’s success both in and outside the classroom. Educators continuously strive to implement strategies to engage our students cognitively, behaviorally, and emotionally. ( Engagement, n.d.) When all three elements are employed, a student’s sense of motivation increases, and the act of learning and the internal skill of comprehension are activated. “Comprehension enables students to ask questions about a text and actually grasp “to a large degree” its meaning” (American College of Education, 2021). The following application will provide evidence-based strategies to help support and increase student engagement, motivation, and comprehension. Top 10 Engagement/Motivation and Comprehension Strategies Strategy Effectiveness QAR (Question-Answer Relationship) “The question-answer relationship (QAR) strategy helps students understand the different types of questions” (Schulman et al., n.d.). The four types of questions are Right There Questions, Think and Search Questions, Author and You, and On My Own. Considering the type of question first will help students organize their thinking best suited for the answer. Answering questions can help students support and focus their attention on what they are to learn, foster their thinking while they read, monitor their comprehension, give students a purpose for reading, and activate their prior

3 knowledge to connect to what they are learning (Adler, n.d.). Show-and-Tell (Procedural and Conceptual) Procedural show-and-tell is a strategy that combines the action of telling students new information about a topic or skill while modeling (showing) how to do said topic. Killian states, “ Modelling often involves working an example , which has a moderate-to-large impact on students learning” (2023). Conceptual show-and-tell involves verbally stating (telling) explanations to students while implementing visuals (showing) to help support the explanations (Killian, 2023). Killian continues by sharing, “ Research on the modality and multimedia effects show that combining meaningful visuals with verbal explanations enhances learning” (2023). Graphic Organizers Graphic organizers are visual outlines that can be utilized and implemented in a handful of ways to help engage students and support their comprehension. “Research indicates that they improve learning when there is explicit instruction, incorporating teacher modeling and independent practice with feedback” ( Instructional strategies list, n.d.). Discussing the graphic organizer’s information is a great way to follow up on your Show and Tell as it summarizes the lesson's content. “As an educator, you go above and

4 beyond to find effective ways to elevate reading comprehension that both engage students and give them a deeper understanding of topics” (Lynch, 2024). Close Read The close-read strategy gives students adequate exposure to a text and ample opportunities to dig deeper into its meaning the way the author would expect. It helps promote and encourage a student’s critical thinking process. “Close reading is thoughtful, critical analysis of a text focused on significant details or patterns to develop a deep, precise understanding of the text's form, craft, and meanings” (American College of Education, 2021). Reader’s Theater Reader’s Theater allows students to “perform” or read aloud stories in front of peers. Students can, but it is not necessary) incorporate costumes as if they are acting and reciting their lines in a play. A reader’s theater is typically implemented to build students’ fluency and automaticity. Research has shown that after multiple exposures to the text, students can free up cognitive space for fluency and automaticity and begin to utilize the space for comprehension. “ Although readers theater is typically classified as a reading fluency building activity , research suggests that it can develop additional aspects of the reading process that can

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