EE1111 Lab Manual-Diploma - Lab 6

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Diploma Program Course EE1111 LABORATORY MANUAL #6 Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Student Name: …………………… Student ID: …………………………

Contents Lab Experiment 6: Operational amplifiers ............................................................. 2 Aims of this experiment ............................................................................................................ 2 Videos and guides for review .................................................................................................... 2 Introduction: Physical layout of LM741 Op Amp ....................................................................... 2 Lab 6: Pre-Lab work .................................................................................................................. 3 Lab 6: Part B. Hardware Explanation ........................................................................................ 3 Lab 6: Part C. Simulation and Discussion .................................................................................. 6 Required components ............................................................................................................ 6 I. Inverting amplifier ........................................................................................................... 6 II. Non-inverting amplifier ................................................................................................ 7 Page i

Lab Experiment 6: Operational amplifiers Aims of this experiment The aim of this lab experiment is to design and test the following Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) circuits: 1 Inverting amplifier. 1 Non-inverting amplifier. 2 Differentiator. 3 Integrator. Videos and guides for review List of suggested videos : Power supply Signal generator Oscilloscope List of suggested guides from Appendix:  Power supply  Signal/Function generator  Oscilloscope Introduction: Physical layout of LM741 Op Amp Figure 6.1: Physical layout of LM741 Operational Amplifier (note that V cc and − V cc are DC voltages from the power supply used to power up the Op Amp). Page ii

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Lab 6: Pre-Lab work Make sure you complete the online quiz for Lab 6 before attending your session. Note that this quiz can be found in Moodle in the Laboratory section. Lab 6: Part B. Hardware Explanation Do not forget to watch the related lab videos and guides that are suggested for this lab experiment for this part of the laboratory. 1. Annotate the diagram in Figure 6.3, on the next page, to show how you would set up the circuit in Figure 6.2 if you were in the lab. Assume that we wish to measure the transient voltage v out for this experiment. You may copy the image in Figure 6.3 into MS Paint, add your annotations, and then copy the annotated image back into this document. Refer to the Preface section in the Online Lab Manual for an example annotated image. The annotation in Figure 6.3 must show: (10 marks)  The components on the picture of the breadboard (use dark blue colour for all components).  Connections on the picture of the breadboard in red or black (or any other relevant colour) depending on the colour of the cable or wire insulation that you would use in a lab.  The cable connections between each piece of equipment and the breadboard and/or the components on the breadboard. Also, be prepared to explain to the lab demonstrator what connection type you would use at each end of the cable (i.e. banana plug, BNC, alligator clamp, etc.). It may be helpful to add text descriptions of this to your diagram. Figure 6.2: An RL circuit to observe the transient behaviour with the oscilloscope. Some helpful tips with this exercise are:  Ensure that annotated lines are thick enough to be easily seen, but not too thick that it becomes difficult to see what breadboard holes you are connecting wires to. Ensure that you understand why you have connected equipment in the particular configuration as lab demonstrators may ask you this question. Page 3

Figure 6.3: Part B. Equipment diagram for annotation exercise. 2. Explain how you would set up the DC Power Supply in the following Answer Box. Write this as a set of sequential instructions. Feel free to consult your notes from online labs 4 and 5 to help with this section. HINT: You will need +15 V and -15 V supply here so will need multiple channels and need to consider series/parallel operation. (10 marks) Page iv

3. Explain how you would set up the signal generator in the following Answer Box. Write this as a set of instructions. Feel free to consult your notes from online labs 1 and 4 to help with this section. Include how you would use the oscilloscope to help correctly program the amplitude, duty cycle and dc biasing of the function generator. (10 marks) 4. Explain how you would set up the oscilloscope in the following Answer Box. Write this as a set of instructions. Feel free to consult your notes from online labs 1 and 4 to help with this section. Include how you would correctly trigger the oscilloscope to make automatic triggered measurements. Page 5 Step 1: turn on power supply and turn both channel 1/2 to 15V. Step 2: set two channel to series mode. Include the following steps at some point in your instructions: Make sure to properly connect + 15 V DC voltage supply to pin 7 and − 15 V to pin 4 according to the LM741 layout given in Figure 6.1. Turn down the current nob on your power supply to one fourth of its maximum position to protect your circuit from any accidental or inadvertent short circuit and monitor the current output. Step 1: turn on signal generator Step 2: set frequency to 1kHz Step 3: set amplitude to 1V Include the following steps at some point in your instructions: Make sure that the peak-to-peak value of the input voltage is correct before connecting the signal generator to your circuit. Step 1: turn on oscilloscope and channel 1 Step 2: set probe rate to 1:1 for measure accuary Step 3: adjust the graph by using vertical/horizontal knob

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Operational amplifiers Lab 6: Part C. Simulation and Discussion This section is to be performed using Autodesk Circuits on TinkerCAD. Required components In this experiment you will be required to use the following components:  A breadboard.  470 Ω , 1 kΩ , 10 kΩ , 15 kΩ , 100 kΩ and 1 MΩ resistors.  Op Amp LM741.  1 nF and 4.7 nF capacitors. I. Inverting amplifier 1 In the circuit of Figure 6.4, find the feedback resistor R f such that the amplifier gain is equal to 15 , i.e., v out v ¿ = 15 . Figure 6.4: Inverting amplifier circuit with Op Amp and AC sinusoidal input voltage. Vout / Vin = -Rf / R1 = 15; Rf = -15 * 1000 = -15 kΩ Because the resistance should be positive, Rf = 15 kΩ 1 Build the inverting amplifier circuit shown in Figure 6.4 on your breadboard in Autodesk Circuits on TinkerCAD. Use the signal generator to provide the input voltage v ¿ with 1 V peak-to-peak and a frequency of 1 kHz . Select sine wave output. Supply the Op Amp with ± 15 V DC. Use oscilloscopes to measure the signal generator voltage and output voltage v out . Copy the image of the oscilloscope-measured voltages and the associated circuit into the following Answer Box. Then, find the peak values and frequency of the two measured voltages. Your simulation results will be different to the expected response of the inverting amplifier. Include a comment to explain what that discrepancy might be in the Answer Box. Page 6

Vmax = 1V; Frequency = 50Hz II. Non-inverting amplifier 2 Build the non-inverting amplifier circuit shown in Figure 6.5 on your breadboard in Autodesk Circuits on TinkerCAD. Use the same settings for DC power supply, signal generator, and oscilloscope as in question Error: Reference source not found . Use oscilloscopes to measure the signal generator voltage and output voltage v out . Copy the image of the oscilloscope-measured voltages and the associated circuit into the following Answer Box. Then, find the peak values and frequency of the two measured voltages. Figure 6.5: Non-inverting amplifier circuit with Op Amp and AC sinusoidal input voltage. Page 7

Operational amplifiers Vmax = 0.6 mV; Frequency = 50 Hz 3 Why is the output voltage different between the non-inverting and inverting amplifiers? Because the resistance at the input of the operational amplifier is infinite. Therefore, the output voltage will be different. 4 Decrease the Op-Amp Power supply voltage from ± 15 V to ± 2 V and observe the response of the non-inverting amplifier in the oscilloscope. Provide an explanation on what happens to the output of the amplifier v out . Also, copy the image of the oscilloscope-measured voltages and the associated circuit into the following Answer Box. 1. ± 15V Page 8

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2. ± 2V Page 9

Operational amplifiers Reduce the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier from 15V to 2V. And the Y- axis of the oscilloscope display image is reduced, and the display voltage return to 15V soon after 1.2 V. Lab work 6 Date: Assessor name and signature: Mark: Page 10