ET212_Week 2 Lab_IngramJ

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ET212

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Jason Ingram GID: G00151729 Lab 2: Half Wave Rectification Grantham University Date: 11/01/2023

Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to construct a working half wave using both Multisim and the myDAQ hardware. The first step of this lab is to construct the half wave in Multisim then build the half wave using the breadboard and the myDAQ hardware. The expected results using both Multisim and the hardware should be similar if not exact. Once the lab has been completed there will be some review questions that need to be answered:  What is the purpose of having a half-wave rectifier in the circuit?  Describe the procedure in this lab to arrive at the final design of both the hardware portion and the software portion to achieve the design objectives?  Discuss the impact of having the capacitor on the output voltage and the effect of additional load on the ripple voltage.  How is the output of the full-wave rectifier different from half-wave rectifier? Equipment/Components:  Multisim  10:1 center-tapped transformer  2 diodes (1N4001)  2 2.2kΩ resistors  1 100µF, 50V electrolytic Capacitor  1 fuse (any rating)  Function generator  Arbitrary Waveform Generator  Tektronix oscilloscope  Breadboard  NI myDAQ Instrument Device  Screw Driver  Screw Terminal connector  Jumper Wires Procedure: The first program that is being used to perform this lab is Multisim: The first step of this lab is to first construct the half wave rectifier using Multisim. We will be using the function generator that is provided to show the AC input of 30Vrms (but will be converting to peak voltage) while using a center tapped transformer to obtain Vsec (with a 10:1 ratio the Vsec should be 3 Vrms). The tolerance of all resistors will be set at 20% tolerance. The second step is to connect the Tektronix oscilloscope. We want channel 1 to be across the secondary output of the transformer and channel 2 to be across the load resistor. Once this is set up, we will observe the waveforms Vsec and Vload. The third step is to produce a steady DC from a rectified AC output. In order to do this, we will add a filter, and connect a 100µF capacitor in parallel with the load resistors. Once this is set up, measure, and plot the peak-to-peak ripple voltage, measure the ripple frequency, and finally table all the data that was gathered and compare results with and without the filter capacitor. The second program that is being used to perform this lab is myDAQ: The first step is building the circuit on the breadboard using voltage Vsec as the input. The diode and load resistors should be put in R L series. The next step is to use jumper wires to connect the breadboard to the hardware to help analyze the circuit. The third step is to channel AO0 on the hardware to provide the input and channel AI0 to measure the output voltage. Using the function generator from the hardware, provide the input to the circuit, and using the oscilloscope measure the

output voltage across the load. As we did in the Multisim portion of the lab, use a filter to help produce a steady DC from a rectified AC output. To do this, connect the 100µF capacitor in parallel with the load resistor. The final step is to measure and plot the peak-to-peak ripple voltage, measure the ripple frequency, and table the data that was gathered and compare the results that we obtained with and without the filter capacitor. Calculations: V P ( out ) = V RMS 0.707 V P ( ¿ ) = V RMS 0.707 V P ( out ) = 3 v 0.707 V P ( ¿ ) = 30 v 0.707 V P ( out ) = 4.24 V V P ( ¿ ) = 42.43 V Function Generator V sec = V p ( out ) ∗ 2 V sec = 4.24 ∗ 2 V sec = 8.48 V pp

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Circuit design: Multisim Circuit Design: Part A

Part B

myDAQ Breadboard Design: Part A Part B

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Execution/Results: Multisim Circuit Design running: Part A

Part B

myDAQ Breadboard Design running: Part A Analysis: Multisim Half-Wave Rectifier No capacitor Capacitor Ripple Frequency 50Hz 50Hz Ripple Voltage 3.66V 275mV Peak-Peak 8.64V 8.64V Full Wave Rectifier No Capacitor Capacitor Ripple Frequency 100Hz 100Hz Ripple Voltage 1.6V 52.3mV Peak-Peak 4.24V 4.24V Hardware Half-Wave Rectifier No Capacitor Capacitor Ripple Frequency 50Hz 50Hz Ripple Voltage 3.641V 103.64mV Peak-Peak 4.48V 8.48V Full Wave Rectifier No Capacitor Capacitor Ripple Frequency 120Hz 120Hz Ripple Voltage 3.641V 6.84mV Peak-Peak 8.476V 8.48V When comparing the simulation done through Multisim and the myDAQ hardware, the results turned out to be similar for the full-wave and the half-wave rectifier. The use of the capacitor proves to decrease the voltage ripple of the AC signal when converted to DC. Review questions:

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 What is the purpose of having a full-wave rectifier in the circuit? The full-wave rectifies the negative component of the voltage and makes it into a positive voltage while converting into DC.  Describe the procedure in this lab to arrive at the final design of both the hardware portion and the software portion to achieve the design objectives? At the end of the lab, the simulation between the hardware and Multisim was in a comparable manner. Once all the components were gathered and put together per the directions of the lab and the figures used to describe what needed to be built, there where circuits were put in place to take measurements. Once this has all been done, the simulation was run, recorded, and compared.  Discuss the impact of having the capacitor on the output voltage and the effect of additional load on the ripple voltage. The use of the capacitor in the lab helped bring the ripple voltage down to a significant and smoother wave form for the output.  How is the output of the full-wave rectifier different from half-wave rectifier? The difference between the full-wave and half-wave is that the half-wave contains only half of the input waves. The full-wave rectifier has both input waves, which ends with showing the results that are twice efficient of the half-wave rectifier. Conclusion: In week two of the lab was to build a circuit using a capacitor and diode using Multisim and the myDAQ hardware. When doing the lab we observed how both the half-wave and full-wave use the AC input and how the sinewave is used in the DC output.