Lab 4_ Magnetic Fields
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Lab 4: Magnetic Fields
iOLab Unit #4
Judy Jreda, Giulia Congi, Lysa Korusenge
Monday, February 12, 2024
Introduction:
In this lab, we will discover the characteristics of the magnetic field produced by a
vertically positioned disc magnet. Unlike electric charges, magnets boast dual poles –
north and south. Employing the iOLab device, we will examine the magnetic field
around the disc magnet. The process involves precise alignment of the iOLab to
measure Bx and By components at various locations, providing insights into the field's
spatial dynamics. We will also investigate how the magnetic field strength evolves away
from the magnet's face and edge. Through data collection, and analysis, we aim to gain
an understanding of the nature of the magnetic field emanating from the disc magnet.
Exercise 1. Map the Magnetic Field Around a Disc Magnet Standing on Its Edge :
Introduction
In Exercise 1, we initiated the exploration of the magnetic field around a standing disc
magnet using the iOLab device. After calibrating the iOLab, we focused on measuring
the magnetic field strength and direction at 12 distinct locations around the magnet's
edge. By carefully aligning the iOLab to ensure one of the two components, Bx or By,
read
essentially
zero,
we
pinpointed
the
direction
of
the
magnetic
field.
Each
measurement
involved
noting
the
orientation
of
the
iOLab,
capturing
images
for
documentation, and drawing arrows on paper to visualize the field direction.
Exercise 1. Map the Magnetic Field Around a Disc Magnet Standing on Its Edge :
Data Collection
Figure 1.1. The Disc Magnet set up
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Figure 1.2. Image of iOLab and blank papers with our arrows indicating the direction of
the magnetic field in each of the 12 locations
Exercise 1. Map the Magnetic Field Around a Disc Magnet Standing on Its Edge :
Data Analysis
Figure 1.3. Magnetometer plot of the side of the magnet (position 3). Smoothing of 5
used.
Figure 1.4. Magnetometer plot of the side of the magnet (position 6)
Table 1.5. Raw data collected from generated highlighted region of the iOLab’s
magnetometer plot reporting the magnetic field strength at each of the 12 locations
position (ry)
magnetic field (Bx)
μT
magnetic field (By)
µ
T
1
-13.891
-136.337
2
-21.019
-136.107
3
-0.737
-187.304
4
-9.787
127.407
5
10.168
111.739
6
0.410
115.040
7
210.810
265.038
8
6.67
637.137
9
0.338
628.651
10
-54.554
-325.223
11
-23.494
-349.327
12
0.614
-395.706
Exercise 1. Map the Magnetic Field Around a Disc Magnet Standing on Its Edge :
Conclusion
In Exercise 1,
we used iOLabs magnetometer sensor to measure the magnetic field's direction
and strength at twelve different spots, some closer and others to the side of the magnet. Moving
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the iOLab away from the magnet caused the magnetic field's strength to decrease, shown by
shorter arrows. The field's direction was determined: positive when aligned with the iOLab's sign
convention and negative when opposite. Any field perpendicular to the axes was considered 0
μT. Possible errors included calibration issues and data collection differences.
Exercise 2. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Face of the
Magnet : Introduction
In Exercise 2, we started by taping the magnet to an object and aligning it with the
iOLab's magnetometer. We then utilized the iOLab's wheel position and By sensor to
measure the magnetic field as we slowly moved the iOLab cart away from the magnet
(till
30cm)
in
a
controlled
manner.
The
resulting data showed fluctuations in the
magnetic field strength, with distinct peaks indicating proximity to the magnet's face. By
analyzing this data, we understand the magnetic field's behaviour and its decrease as
the
distance
from
the
magnet
increases.
The
process
involved
recording
and
documenting the entire motion.
Exercise 2. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Face of the
Magnet : Data Collection
Figure 2.1. Image of our iOLab set up for exercise 2
Exercise 2. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Face of the
Magnet : Data Analysis
Figure 2.2. Magnetometer and wheel-position plot
Figure 2.3. Highlighted region of magnetometer and wheel-position plot for analysis
Table. 2.4. Data Table of raw data collected from generated magnetometer and
wheel-position plot and the absolute data
Position (ry)
Position (ry) (positive)
Magnetic Field By
-0.018
0.018
3930.299
-0.02
0.02
3388.176
-0.022
0.022
2898.764
-0.024
0.024
2284.171
-0.026
0.026
2010.192
-0.029
0.029
1939.735
-0.033
0.033
1868.381
-0.036
0.036
1132.623
-0.038
0.038
992.791
-0.041
0.041
975.079
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Figure 2.6. Magnetic field strength vs. distance plotted graph using power law
Exercise 2. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Face of the
Magnet : Conclusion
A trendline was created from the data using a "power law," and the equation was shown
with an R-squared value of 0.9677. We noticed that the power in the equation was
negative, indicating an inverse relationship. This means that as the distance from the
magnet increases, the magnetic field strength (in μT) decreases. The relationship
between position and field strength, as indicated by the equation, was 1/ry^2.
Potential errors in this experiment include iOLab calibration issues, variations in data
collection methods, and using the iOLab on an uneven surface, which could affect the
results.
Exercise 3. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Edge of
the Magnet : Introduction
In Exercise 3, we started by following similar procedures as in Exercise 2, we taped the
magnet to an object and aligned it with the iOLab's magnetometer, but this time using
the Bx sensor. Using the iOLab's wheel position, we recorded the magnetic field
strength as we gradually moved the iOLab cart away from the magnet's edge.
Exercise 3. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Edge of
the Magnet : Data Collection
Figure 3.1. iOLab set up for exercise 3.
Exercise 3. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Edge of
the Magnet : Data Analysis
Figure 3.2. Magnetometer and wheel-position plot
Figure 3.3. Selected area of magnetometer and wheel-position plot for analysis
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Table 3.4. Data Table of our Position Rx Raw, Absolute values and the Magnetic Field
Bx.
Position (rx)
Position (rx) (positive)
Magnetic Field Bx
-0.02
0.02
839.534
-0.023
0.023
734.654
-0.026
0.026
622.536
-0.028
0.028
598.234
-0.031
0.031
455.346
-0.033
0.033
406.766
-0.04
0.04
231.635
-0.043
0.043
221.214
-0.045
0.045
207.435
-0.047
0.047
204.322
Figure 3.5. Power scatter plot of magnetic field strength vs distance using power law
Exercise 3. Measure How the Magnetic Field Decreases Away from the Edge of
the Magnet : Conclusion
We fitted a trendline to the data using a "power law," and the equation displayed an
R-squared value of 0.9569. The equation revealed a negative power, which aligns with
the findings of experiment 2, indicating an inverse relationship. This means that as the
distance from the magnet increases (measured in meters), the magnetic field decreases
(measured in microteslas). The equation of the trendline suggests a relationship of 1
over
the
square
of
the
distance.
Similar
sources
of
error
were
identified in this
experiment as in experiment 2, including iOLab calibration, variations in data collection,
and rolling the iOLab apparatus on uneven surfaces.
Overall Conclusion & Error Analysis
In exercise one, the magnetic field of the iOLab was measured in 12 different
spots. It is clear that as the iOLab moves closer to the source, the strength of the
magnetic field increases and any location in which the iOLab was perpendicular to the
source yielded a value of 0 μT. Possible errors may be due to an unlevel surface at
different locations surrounding the source leading to inaccuracy in our values. It is also
worth noting that due to the iOLab turning off in between data collection, it required
various calibrations which can affect the interpretation of our results in between trials.
Our results in exercise two agree with our conclusions in exercise one. In this
exercise the source was tapped to a stationary object and the magnetic field was
collected off the B
y
axis on the iOLab software as the iOLab was slowly moved away. A
scatter plot of position vs magnetic field was made using excel and had a R
2
value of
0.9969. This indicates an inverse relationship between the two variables, meaning that
as distance from the sources increases, the magnitude of the magnetic field decreases.
Possible errors include calibration and uneven surface.
In the final exercise, the process of exercise two was repeated collecting data
from the Bx axis. The scatter plot for this graph had an R
2
value of 0.9569. This signified
an
inverse
relationship,
meaning
that
as
distance from the source increased the
magnitude of the field decreased. Similar errors from the previous exercise such as
calibration and uneven surface should also be considered.
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Related Questions
A)The left hand rule for a coil is such that if you were to hold a coil in your left hand with your fingers pointing in the direction of the electron flow, your thumb would point in the direction of thea) electron flow b) flow lines c) face of the north pole d) none of the above.
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