Lab 2 - Post lab

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York University *

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202

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical, Computer, & Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science 5.0 IN-LAB Experiment: IMPEMENTATION & MEASUREMENTS (a) I-V Characteristics of Ohmic Resistor using a simple D.C. Circuit 1. From your lab kit, select 2.2 kQ and 3.3 kQ resistors (color-coded values). Use the DMM to measure their actual values. List the measured values in Table 2.4. Build and connect the circuit of Figure 2.0a with R = 2.2 kQ on the breadboard. Note 1: When using the DMM as a Voltmeter, connect the DMM in parallel with the resistor as shown in the Figure 2.0b. Note 2: When using the DMM as an Ammeter, you must connect it in series with the resistor you need to measure the current passing through it as shown in the Figure 2.0b. Use the red and black “banana” cables (available in the Lab room) to connect the “+” and “-” terminals of the power supply to the RED and GREEN binding terminals on your breadboard, respectively. Turn ON the power supply. Vary the power-supply source voltage, E such that the voltage across the resistor has the voltage, Vi values as listed in Table 2.4 [refer to the Pre-Lab 4(a)]. Use the Voltmeter to monitor the Vg voltage. Measure and record the corresponding current (Ir) values in Table 2.4a. Turn OFF the power supply. Replace the 2.2kQ resistor in circuit of Figure 2.0a with 3.3kQ resistor. Repeat the above Step 4, and list your results in Table 2.4b. Turn OFF the power supply. Color-coded value of R =2.2kQQ => Actual measured value of R= 1\ 1k4? VR (Volts) 4V 6V 3V 10V 15V ELE 202 Laboratory #2 Ir (mA) as measured | 5] wk 2 176wA 2. 701mA €619 WA (.965 w IR (mA) as calculated in Pre-Lab using color-coded R value | 715 mA 22 A 3.636 mA H. 9H9mA L.01% mA Deviation (%) = 100.(measured - calculated)/(calculated) |71 /. .7 65 . |.7%8 /. |. 948/ 2.\96 7/ Table 2.4a: Experimental results of the Simple DC Circuit in Figure 2.0 with R = 2.2 kQ Color-coded value of R = 3.3kQ => Actual measured value of R = 3.1M5ks? VR (Volts) 4V 6V 8V 10V 15V IR (mA) as measured |,),'5Ll m A l%SO wmh [ 2Uce wh 5.093 wA 4635 m IR (mA) as calculated in Pre-Lab usi / color-coded Rvallllle ST ['le mA \ 6\6’/‘\»‘ ltllq MA b : Vs m A Deviation (%) . : . . : = 100.(measured - calculated)/(calculated) |6 IS /- 760 . 1733 /- |7 T e l 16 /. Table 2.4b: Experimental results of the Simple DC Circuit in Figure 2.0 with R = 3.3 kQ Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021

Department of Electrical, Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science Toronto Metropolitan University Laboratory #2 (b)Series Resistors Circuit - KVL 1. Using R;1=3.3 kQ, R;=2.2 kQ and R3= 1.0 k€, construct on your breadboard the series circuit shown 1n Figure 2.1. 2. Turn ON the power supply. Adjust to set the source voltage, E to 15 V. Measure the current I and the voltages Van, Vbe, and Vea. Record the values in Table 2.5. Note: Make sure the DMM is set to the right function before using it as Voltmeter or Ammeter, and accordingly connected to the circuit. 3. Turn OFF the power supply. 4. Design Problem Circuit: Implement on your breadboard the re-designed circuit of Figure 2.1 of Pre-Lab section [4(b)(iii)] using the standard-resistance value(s) that you had determined for R;, R; and Rj to meet the requirements. 4.0.1 Turn ON the power supply. Set the source voltage, E to 15 V. 4.0.2 Measure the current, I and the voltages across resistors Ry (=Vap), Rz (= Vi) and R; (=V.4), and record the results in Table 2.6. 4.0.3 Turn OFF the power supply. VE I (mA) Vab (Volts) Vbe (Volts) Ved (Volts) XV =(Vab + Vpe+ Ved) V10984 0 |22V [ 227V [4.683 Y | Syl ve) ZV=15.000Vx |5V Table 2.5: Experimental results of the Series Circuit of Figure 2.1 Design values used => Ri= Q.19k? Ry= 0263 k=? Rz = 0381ka? Vi I (mA) Vap (Volts) “be (Volts) Vea (Volts) 15V 5.099 wh HA95 04 |5003 mA |5.007 mp Table 2.6: Experimental results of the re-designed Series Circuit in Figure 2.1 Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 10

Department of Electrical, -{:eri?rr::t;?olitan Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 . - Faculty of Engineering University & Architectural Science L abor atory #2 (¢) Parallel Resistors Circuit - KCL 1. Using R;=3.3 kQ, R,=2.2 kQ and R3=1.0 k€, construct the parallel circuit shown in Figure 2.2. 2. Turn ON the power supply. Adjust the source voltage to 15V. 3. Measure the currents I, I;, I and I3 as depicted in Figure 2.2b, and record your experimental results in Table 2.7. Note: Make sure the DMM is set to the Ammeter function, and accordingly connected. 4. Turn OFF the power supply. Vi I (mA) I; (mA) I, (mA) I3(mA) | SI=(I + L+ 1) ST :@.63'1 + €964 +15.534) IS5V 26'q76 W\A L(‘%L{ m A C’-qébl mA (S‘SSL’ mA 2T =213l %27 Table 2.7: Experimental results of the Parallel Circuit in Figure 2.2 Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 11

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Department of Electrical, -{:eri?rr::t;?olitan Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 . - Faculty of Engineering University & Architectural Science L abor atory #2 6.0 POST-LAB: OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 1. Compare your theoretical values and MultiSIM simulation measurements listed in Table 2.0 with the experimental values of Table 2.4a and Table 2.4b. Relate the actual deviation obtained to the resistance tolerance band of the resistor. Explain your observations. — | he H\fo«ejr{ca\]Mu\ksiM O\V\c)‘ ’h’\fi Q?(PU(\W\W\XIG\\ Vﬂl‘MS Were £ Jrﬂcw\(\y oge Lo uch Oﬂf\{v/u\‘\lﬂ e, \mvjesjr Atyi alion E OV\\\/ )_"/ ! - Ty shows o qeed relabinsh; Diin : : Q e 0T i +h Y N | EWM MRich menns e c‘lrc?{% hi . b oerprmental ond heored ey bfikv\\fi g J joo& /0\?[0, é 2. Use the below Graph to plot the I-V characteristics for each resistor using the calculated and measured values listed in Table 2.4a and Table 2.4b, respectively. Then:- (a) For the experiment values plotted, estimate the slope of each I-V graph and determine the resistance from the slope. Compare these values with your DMM measured (actual) resistance values. Explain any discrepancies. (b) Is the I-V characteristics of each resistor consistent with the Ohm’s law? Explain. : | workspace V 0 - ; : )k R | Riz22 ks T %:Z.lSkA.: : A | 1 H5-0.5 ! : 15w :‘,{‘ 18 consistent with Oh's Law ag 4ag slope : ' 1S veey close o e value of dhe vy V I ; T.0m : a e vol ' SIS Moy, This ; : ” /ll 'C‘ M ValyeS oL i 8000\ Ydﬂ'ib\h ang ~“\{ I | Smh // | Wit as g loaic . : 3 , : : [ = / [ [ I E‘S" 7 I I I 1 < / I | L ESw R : | (1) P ANGER Sk g \/ - \O‘S = _§_- ' S : e s | ' a e : : _ )/ // : ol \5. COY\S]\S\"H-\- with Ow m’_g qu\) ns Hhe : , i // =4 ! S\e?thlb IA{V\\im\ J(b the WSQS*O\M{ o e ! : ) /'/ - : \‘CS\\:\ . Thj weans +he Vql Ues are \oev’(cc\ j | 2.5n rfeMon ond e Circut had qood | (g l E N (// ///'/ E 8 %l C . E Ll // 2« ; ; : 4 mh /////' : : L oSk AT : : 1 i / ; I 1 : 0 v v v v S by 1&"/% o \ly H 'IBV My 15y g : | : R (1.0V/div.) : : e o e e e b e e e : Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 12

Department of Electrical, -{:eri?rr::t;?olitan Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 . - Faculty of Engineering University & Architectural Science L abor atory #2 3. For the KVL experiment, how well did your experimental results of Table 2.5 conform to the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law? Explain. Compare the experimental results of Table 2.5 with your theoretical and simulated Pre-Lab values shown in Table 2.1, and explain reason(s) for any relative discrepancies/deviations observed. 1 , workspace E’Fhe, YEBU\*S W -‘ab\fi ! M?er C/\\Oxr From the values i LS. Twe pmb\m (W\d\ })@, erw\\ \,\)L\QJ\ Q/kperivv\u\xox‘\y VY\QO\S\)('\'\j)H’\Q C?F(_V}XY/S /Dy,( Wa g The wsisdoes coold Ve 1w he o Was measorend : WeS M covrect, The deyial: GV\\L/ . j( 1OWS are. \Weoyvect. fosi\iom sr that Wiy the Cov rend Caoyed QHN\ 'H\( c\'rcuH O\Y\o\ Cly \, Cur 4. For the KVL experiment, using your measured voltages and currents of Table 2.5, calculate the power absorbed (dissipated) by each series resistor, and the total power delivered by the input-source. How does the sum of power absorbed by the resistances in this series circuit compare to the amount delivered by the source? Explain. workspace M m - P fhe CUryeat . EPRlz-\% :,(E_'S\_q_é@— = 3073 Wﬂ")’j 2]) - 3~053+ 2'\511,1 "'%3:76 E e Gaa = 99042 wakl ; : Pr. = vb.. = (,.—‘_—21617) = 21 o 4 wa Hs q OL‘Z— - > : 1 R]_ 2.2 I Pra= \% = @ = 43 146 wals _ﬂ/'fi \OOMT QIOSOV‘JDQA bc/ 7[L)< ! : | , : ' Pu= 15" Sishs 1y N . S e T ay higher fh , : v Rs 3.30.2H) 34.62 wally 2 Y higasr 7[°U’\ : : ‘ ) F__1'“5 : E deVuahow \'\O\Qqu\e& doe |y E I -H\L €vyor iw S , : Cir(yik N Vogic W the : E Ut .T‘/\I.S Can 0\|S§, 0y E Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 13

Department of Electrical, -{:eri?rr::t;?olitan Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 . - Faculty of Engineering University & Architectural Science L abor atory #2 5. For the KVL “Design Problem” experiment, do your results in Table 2.6 confirm the design requirements of Vap, = Ve = Vea = SV; and the current I < SmA? How do these experimental results compare to your theoretical and simulation Pre-Lab values of Table 2.2. Explain reason(s) for any discrepancies/deviations. e valus From fable 2.6 Compare \ery e\l wi by the palpes low Yol 1.2 ey e pearly Gde kil apd S&%cs% - c(ose {/0 SOCV\?(C¥ re/lv\*'\oms\,\i‘). Tl’\iS 0”7\/65 H\é Clv Cuit’s IUjic WS aooA Owu» Hf\cﬂ Wle, M SOY @ mevly Way Mccvmsr{, 6. For the KCL experiment, how well did your experimental results of Table 2.7 conform to the Kirchhoff’s Current Law? Explain. Compare the experimental results of Table 2.7 with your theoretical and simulated Pre-Lab values shown in Table 2.3, explain reason(s) for any relative discrepancies/deviations observed. workspace /W\Q W/&()H} I +7A\o\€, /,7/, WDV\QOVVV\-{(& WenY \V QQ(Q(C\’(V b \<QL as the sum o(L ol fhe 50L>~LvVV"V\\S match <) up ol most "d{V\’via\\\y b the ovevall Cuwm\.fmy wete ofth loy o met O.xmh, As ﬂor e \;(AMS]V\ L1 ond Tuble. )?3/ Irhoge va{U(S o\lso mat ch VP qul}, Q”F(d\}/. e larget devadion Yang on Ty b 6 < o it o This suqaests qued \~1\CA\10V\3 o Haot lrb\e c,‘/ui‘r L\ly jst |0\C)Ic.. jj ’ SJ Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 14

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Department of Electrical, -{:eri?rr::t;?olitan Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 . - Faculty of Engineering University & Architectural Science L abor atory #2 7. For the KCL experiment, using your measured voltages and currents of Table 2.7, calculate the power absorbed (dissipated) by each series resistor, and the total power delivered by the input-source. Po=T R = (1) 3.3ks <1050 wibls n 2P = T0.864 +]06 694 24205 T pe (babdy 2.2k = 10607 walls 40855 wall R2 — > L Pr: = Ibl P]b_ (\5 ¢ D ] E Pv: (source) = I \I :<2G0\7 G‘) UCDX h L,OH o WO\H‘S How does the sum of power absorbed by the resistances in this series circuit compare to the amount delivered by the source? Explain. T‘/\Q Som OQ ()Ow{( Con Som ed\ COVV\V(A‘(G eaiv(t Lell J‘«) H\fi Powt ¢ 3QV\£M¥EJ Ly Fe So0vce. The descvqav‘cy is ot V\f\j”g'iu‘l ,lﬂOJf R ) | V\O+ 56Wme \-—b\m:) 59 be' O\\(AV W\Qd b(,,: e('H\Q‘( 6'H\‘if ‘\"/\Q\l\ "-l/\d\» \‘b\{ vg\h}(s E\)Q"’\ﬂ softr (lose ach ey tnplies Hhod ke l(’Ji(/ of the civuoit s 9d O er\c/\\ o\V\\/ RV OFs weve mos| Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 15

Department of Electrical, Computer, & Biomedical Engineering ELE 202 Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science B Lo o]} 0] Metropolitan 8 TI=1 €114 Laboratory #2 7.0 LAB REPORT REQUIREMENTS & GUIDELINES Lab reporting is to be completed and submitted separately as Part I and Part I1, noted below: Part 1 (Pre-Lab Work) => represents 40% of the pre-assigned Lab weight. Pre-Lab Work (assignment) of Section 4.0 that includes handwritten calculations, MultiSIM results, and analysis is to be completed and submitted prior to the start of your scheduled lab. The grading is commensurate with completeness and accuracy of your handwritten calculations, analysis and MultiSIM simulation circuits/plots. Note the following requirements for the document submission for Part I: e A completed and signed “COVER PAGE — Part I” has to be included with your submission, a copy of which is available on D2L. The report will not be graded if the signed cover page is not included. e Your completed handwritten pages of Section 4.0 should be scanned (via a scanner or phone 1images), together with the required MultiSIM images. Note: MultiSIM results must be generated using the Department’s licensed version of MultiSIM, and the captured screenshots should show your name (at the center-top) and the timestamp (at the bottom-right corner of your screen). e (Collate and create a .pdf or .docx file of the above, and upload it via D2L any time prior to the start of your scheduled lab. Upload instructions are provided on D2L. Zero marks will be assigned for the entire lab if this Part I is not submitted prior to your scheduled lab. Part 11 (In-Lab Work and Post-Lab Work) => represents 60% of the pre-assigned Lab weight. In-Lab Work (Section 5.0) and Post-Lab Work (Section 6.0) that include in-lab results, handwritten analysis and observations are to be completed and submitted within 24 hours after your lab. The grading is commensurate with: - completeness, correctness and collection of all experimental results (data and waveforms); merits of observation of the correlations between the experimental and pre-lab assignment results; and reasonableness of the answers to questions posed. Note the following requirements for the document submission for Part II: e A completed and signed “COVER PAGE — Part II” has to be included with your submission, a copy of which is available on D2L. The report will not be graded if the signed cover page is not included. e Scan your completed pages of Section 5.0 and Section 6.0 (via a scanner or phone images), together with any required In-Lab Oscilloscope screen-shot images. e (ollate and create a .pdf or .docx file of the above, and upload it to D2L.. Late submissions will not be graded. Prepared by Dr. M.S. Kassam, Dr. S. Hussain & K. Tang. © Toronto Metropolitan University, ECBE Department, 2021 16

Lab 2 - Post lab

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