EET-117 LAB 10_Capacitors 23W

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Centennial College *

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Centennial College ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN & TECHNOLOGY Course: EET-117 Name(s) Student Number(s) Date Lab #10 CAPACITORS Based on Experiments in Basic Circuits by David Buchla and Equipment Manuals Objectives: After performing this experiment, you will be able to compare total capacitance, charge, and voltage drop for capacitors connected in series and parallel. Required Instruments and Components: Power supply LED – 2 pcs (from the EET-117 lab kit) Resistors: 1 kΩ - 2 pcs (from the EET-117 lab kit) Capacitors: 0.01 µF, 0.1 µF, 1.0 µF, 47 µF, 100 µF (one of each from the EET-117 lab kit) Breadboard Alligator test leads (from the EET-117 lab kit) 1 | P a g e

Summary of Theory: A capacitor is formed whenever two conductors are separated by an insulating material. When a voltage exists between two conductors, there will be an electric charge between the conductors. The ability to store an electric charge is a fundamental property of capacitors and affects both DC and AC circuits. Capacitors are made with large flat conductors called plates. The plates are separated with an insulating material called a dielectric. The ability to store charge increases with larger plate size and closer separation. When a voltage is connected across a capacitor, the charge will flow in the external circuit until the voltage across the capacitor is equal to the applied voltage. The charge that flows is proportional to the size of the capacitor and the applied voltage. This is a fundamental concept for capacitors and is given by the equation: Q=CV Where Q is the charge in coulombs, C is the capacitance in farads, and V is the applied voltage. Recall that current is defined as charge per time: I=Q/t where I is the current in amperes, Q is the charge in coulombs and t is the time in seconds. This equation can be rearranged as Q=It Capacitors in series If we connect two capacitors in series with a voltage source, the same charging current flows through both capacitors. Since this current flows for the same amount of time, it can be seen that the total charge QT must be the same as the charge on each capacitor, that is: Q T = Q 1 = Q 2 Charging capacitors in series causes the same charge to be across each capacitor; however, the total capacitance decreases. In a series circuit, the total capacitance is given by the formula: 1 C T = 1 C 1 + 1 C 2 + … + 1 Cn Capacitors in parallel In a parallel circuit, the total current is equal to the sum of the currents in each branch as stated by Kirchoff’s current law. If this current flows for the same amount of time, the total charge leaving the voltage source will equal the sum of the charges which flow in each branch. Q T =Q1 + Q2 +….. + Qn Capacitors connected in parallel will raise the total; capacitance because more charge can be stored at a given voltage. The equation for the total capacitance of parallel capacitors is: C T =C1 +C2 +….. + Cn 2 | P a g e

3 | P a g e

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PROCEDURE 1. Obtain five capacitors as listed in Table 1. Measure their capacitance using DMM and record it in Table 1. Table 1. Measured capacitor values (use 3 significant digits, metric prefixes). Capacitor Listed value Measured value Marks C1 100 µF /1 C2 47 µF /1 C3 1.0 µF /1 C4 0.1 µF /1 C5 0.01 µF /1 Subtotal: /5 2. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 1. The switches can be made from jumper wires. Leave both switches open. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the capacitor are both polarized components – they must be connected in the correct direction to work properly (the positive terminal on an electrolytic capacitor, as well as an anode on an LED, are longer). Note on the LED: Notice that one side of the package has a flat edge, this indicates the cathode side (straight line of the symbol). V1 12V R1 1kΩ LED1 S1 Key = Space S2 Key = A R2 1.0kΩ LED2 C1 100uF Fig.1 The LED is a semiconductor device that ideally operates like a switch in this circuit. It will only conduct current in the direction of the arrow when the anode terminal (arrow on the symbol) is more positive than the cathode by approximately 2 V. 3. Close S1 and observe the LEDs. Describe your observations in Table 2. 4. Open S1 and then close S2. Describe your observations in Table 2. 4 | P a g e

V1 12V R1 1kΩ LED1 S1 Key = Space S2 Key = A R2 1.0kΩ LED2 C1 100µF C2 47µF XMM1 XMM2 Fig.2 5. Now connect C2 (47 µF) in series with C1 (refer to Fig. 2 ). Open both switches. Make certain the capacitors are fully discharged by shorting them with a jumper wire; then close S1. Measure the voltage across each capacitor using DMM or oscilloscope. Do this measurement quickly to prevent the meter from causing the capacitors to discharge. Record the voltages in Table 2 (V1, V2). 6. Using the measured voltages, compute the charge on each capacitor. Then open S1 and close S2. Record the computed charge and your observations in Table 2. V1 12V R1 1kΩ LED1 S1 Key = Space S2 Key = A R2 1.0kΩ LED2 C1 100µF C2 47µF Fig.3 7. Change the connections of the capacitors from series to parallel (refer to Fig. 3 ). Open both switches. Ensure the capacitors are fully discharged, Then close S1. Measure the voltage quickly across the parallel capacitors and enter the measured voltage in Table 2. 8. Using the measured voltage across the parallel capacitors, compute the charge on each one. Then open S1 and close S2. Record the computed charge and your observations. 5 | P a g e

Table 2. Measured and computed values (use 3 significant digits, metric prefixes), notes with not applicable fields greyed out. Step V1 V2 Q1 Q2 Observations Marks 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A /10 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A /10 5 N/A N/A N/A /4 6 N/A N/A /14 7 N/A N/A N/A 4 8 N/A N/A /13 Subtotal: /55 6 | P a g e

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Conclusions. The conclusion summarizes the important points of the laboratory work. You must analyze the examples to add emphasis to significant points. You must also include features and/or things you have done /benefits of a particular procedure, instrument, component, or circuit directly related to the experiment . Marks: / 20 Rubric Grading Criteria Marks Punctuality /10 Lab Safety and Tools /20 Procedure /60 Conclusion /20 Neatness, Spelling, Grammar, and Sentence Structure /10 Total: /120 7 | P a g e

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Related Questions

Describe what coupling capacitors are and what are they for?
A series circuit consisting of a 50 – ohm resistor, 0.5 – henry inductor, and a 100 – microfarad capacitor is connected to a 110 – volt, 50 cycle source. Calculate the following: a.) TOTAL IMPEDANCE b.) CURRENT c.) VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE RESISTOR d.) VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE INDUCTOR e.) VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE CAPACITOR f.) AVERAGE POWER g.) APPARENT POWER h.) REACTIVE POWER i.) POWER FACTOR j.) POWER FACTOR ANGLE DRAW THE PHASOR DIAGRAM IF POSSIBLE AND ROUND OFF TO FOUR DECIMAL PLACES

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