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SUNY Buffalo State College *

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102LEC

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Please type your answers in a different color font, or highlighted in a different color. Please save as a PDF Tasks 1) The Paleobiology Database is a compilation of thousands of fossil occurrences from across the world from the last 542 million years of Earth history. While it does not contain all known fossil occurrences it is the single largest global dataset available. Navigate to the site and in the search bar at the upper-left enter the term “Pseudosuchia”. This is a technical name for the group of animals that contains crocodiles, alligators, and their close cousins. You should see a large number of multi-colored dots on the map now. Along the bottom of the page is the geological timescale from oldest (Cambrian) to the left and youngest (Recent) on the right. Click on the “P” underneath “Paleogene”. You are now looking at the fossil occurrences from the Paleocene (56-66 mya). Click on the icon along the left- hand side of the website. This moves the continents to where they were at this time in Earth’s history and allows you to see the true distribution of crocodile relatives in space during the Paleocene. Compare the distribution “Pseudosuchia” in the Paleocene (56-66 mya) to that in the Eocene (34-56 mya), and the Oligocene (23-34 mya, symbolized by “O” underneath “Paleogene”). a. How many collections of Pseudosuchia are there in the Paleocene ?(1 pt) c. How many occurrences of Pseudosuchia in the Paleocene ? (1 pt) d. How many occurrences of Pseudosuchia in the Eocene ? (1 pt) e. How many occurrences of Pseudosuchia in the Oligocene ? (1 pt) f. In which of the following epoch’s are occurrences of Pseudosuchia farthest from the equator (You might have to switch back and forth a few times)?(2 pts) g. Based on the distribution of the cold-blooded Pseudosuchia order the following from warmest to coldest (2 pts.) This content is protected and cannot be shared, uploaded, or distributed.

h. What controls the distribution of cold blooded organisms?(2 pts.) 2) The Eocene corresponds to a massive warming event called the Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and was the most recent time when Earth warmed at a rate sort of comparable to today. The chart below shows the modeled changes in ocean acidification for the PETM (bottom portion, orange line) and the projected changes in the same values for the future (bottom portion, blue line). Watch this video on the PETM and hypothesize about what changes we expect to see among organisms in the oceans into the future and whether the effects are likely to be more or less severe than those during the PETM. (5 pts). This content is protected and cannot be shared, uploaded, or distributed.

3) The image below shows the estimated changes in Earth’s average global temperature over time (left = oldest). At temperatures above 18°C no permanent ice caps exist on the planet, so this threshold also corresponds to a substantial change in ocean circulation patterns (i.e. thermohaline circulation). The timing of the Big Five mass extinction events has been highlighted with vertical bars (blue = cooling trigger, red = warming trigger, purple = both warming and cooling triggers). These were times of extreme change in climate that caused many species to go extinct in a relatively short time, but many smaller extinction events have occurred throughout Earth’s history. Looking at the chart below select the region of time ( A- F ) you believe would have seen the most minor extinctions and explain why. (5 pts) This content is protected and cannot be shared, uploaded, or distributed.

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