Lab 8

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Georgia State University *

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1401L

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Economics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 8: Human Population ENVS 1401L Name: Vy Nguyen Pre-lab Activity The global human population has been growing exponentially for two centuries. Across space and time, this growth varies significantly. What population growth trends are you aware of? What are your best guesses to the following questions: 1. What regions/countries do you think have high and low rates of population growth? __High rates: Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East, __Low rates: Japan and many European nations. 2. How has population growth changed in the U.S. in recent decades? __ Population growth in the United States has slowed in recent decades, largely due to a declining birth rate and a trend towards an older population. 3. What trends are occurring in urban areas (cities) versus rural areas? __ Urban areas are experiencing rapid population growth, characterized by increased urbanization and the development of megacities, while rural areas are facing population decline. due to people migrating to cities in search of better opportunities and amenities. 4. What do you think is the most populous city in the world? __ The most populous city in the world currently is Tokyo, Japan, with a population of more than 37 million people in the metropolitan area. I. Population growth and socioeconomic status 1. In the industrialized world in 1960, people were healthy, educated, rich, and ____(i)______. Their aspiration was to _____(ii)_____. i. had small families ii. buy a car 2. In the developing world in 1960, citizens had aspirations to ___(i)_____. i. buy food for the day. 3. Today, the richest have even higher aspirations, of traveling by __(i)__. i. planes 4. Because of the growth of __(i)___ economies between the richest and poorest economies, the socioeconomic gap separating them is __(ii)__. 1

i. emerging ii. widening 5. The only way to slow world population growth today is to __(i)__. i. continue to improve child survival to 90% II. All about population pyramids 1. Social scientists and policy experts need data on not just population size, but also internal characteristics of a country, such as ___(i)____ distributions. Population pyramids were developed to display this data visually. i. age and gender 2. Comparing the population pyramids of Rwanda, Canada, and Japan shows us countries in three different stages of ____(i)____. i. Demographic transition 3. As a country begins to industrialize, life __(i)___ typically increases and child __(ii)___ typically decreases through improvements in medicine, sanitation, and food supply. i. expectancy ii. morality III. Connecting population to resource use (a) 1. Given that March 14 is the 73 rd day of the year, calculate how many Earths we would need to support a global population of American lifestyles. _ 5 Earths (b) 1. World Population in 1971: 3.77 billion 2. World Population in 2020: 7.82 billion 3. Oil Demand in 1971 (in million tonnes): 2.379 million tonnes 4. Oil Demand in 2020 (in million tonnes): 4.070 million tonnes 5. Percent Change in Population (note if the value of %change is an increase or decrease) __ 107.43% increase 6. Percent Change in Oil Demand (note if the value of %change is an increase or decrease) 71.08% 2

7. Are the changes in population and oil similar? Explain. __ Although both values represent an increase, they relate to different aspects: population growth and oil demand. Changes in population and oil demand are not directly related but can be influenced by various factors such as economic growth, industrial development, and lifestyle changes. Population growth is likely to contribute to increased oil demand, especially in areas with high per capita energy consumption. IV. Megacities: Past, present, future 1. What is a megacity? __ Over half of us now live in urban areas, the largest of which have swelled into giant urban agglomerations, sometimes called megacities—metropolitan areas with 10 million people or more. 2. How many megacities were projected for the world in 2020? __ 34 megacities 3. For 3 different megacities, write down 1 fact you learned from the site that relates to resources or the environment in that city. Megacity 1: Tokyo, Japan Fact related to resources and/or the environment: Although Tokyo today is the world’s largest city, young residents are having fewer children, leading to population declines. Most of the residents are over 65, making it difficult for Tokyo to have a large enough workforce to pay for health care and pensions for the elderly. Megacity 2: Shanghai, China Fact related to resources and/or the environment: An important port city, Shanghai had more than 500,000 residents in 1816 and is now the most populous city in China. Infrastructure has largely been able to meet demand as most people have access to water, electricity, and waste collection. But population density causes environmental problems. For example, air pollution caused by the city's dependence on coal affects public health. Megacity 3: São Paulo, Brazil Fact related to resources and/or the environment: Unlike some megacities that concentrate their population in the urban core, many of the city's residents have moved to the furthest suburbs. Many workers living here commute to the city center, adding to the pollution. And as São Paulo's edges continue to expand, they erode surrounding forests and other natural landscapes. 3

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