chap015

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter 15 Global Business and Accounting 1) An international joint venture involves the creation of a new company that is owned by two or more firms from different countries. A) True B) False 2) A wholly owned international subsidiary exists when a company owns 100% equity control of a foreign subsidiary. A) True B) False 3) Licensing maintains control over product creation, while exporting involves giving up some control for a monetary return. A) True B) False 4) In a planned economy, ownership of land and the means of production are private, and markets dictate the allocation of resources and the output among segments of the economy. A) True B) False 5) Differences in accounting practices among countries reflect the different sources of capital in those countries. A) True B) False 6) Although cultural differences are significant in business dealings, they pose no difficulties to the design and implementation of an accounting system. A) True B) False 7) In a planned economy, the government uses central planning to allocate resources and determine output among various segments of the economy. A) True B) False 8) Cultural traits in the United States include high uncertainty avoidance and a long-term orientation. A) True B) False 9) The accounting profession has been slow to develop in Asian countries because of strict governmental control of accounting regulations. A) True B) False 10) All multinational companies must follow the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. A) True B) False

11) Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States have been fully converged with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). A) True B) False 12) "Convergence" means abandoning a country's financial reporting standards and replacing them with the International Financial Reporting Standards. A) True B) False 13) Canada has adopted IFRS, but Mexico and the European Union have chosen not to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards. A) True B) False 14) "Convergence" means changing the country's existing standards to produce IFRS "equivalent" financial reports. A) True B) False 15) An exchange rate represents the price of one currency stated in terms of another. A) True B) False 16) To convert a foreign currency into dollars, divide the foreign currency by the foreign exchange rate. A) True B) False 17) To convert a dollar amount into a foreign currency divide the dollar amount by the exchange rate. A) True B) False 18) A dollar that is stronger than the British pound would make travel to the United States more attractive to British citizens. A) True B) False 19) The statement that "the yen has fallen against the dollar" means that the yen has become less valuable relative to the dollar. A) True B) False 20) Having a liability that is fixed in terms of a foreign currency results in a loss for the debtor if the exchange rate falls between the transaction date and the payment date. A) True B) False 21) Whenever an American corporation sells merchandise to a foreign company, the transaction must be stipulated in U.S. dollars. A) True

B) False 22) An American corporation making purchases from foreign companies will experience gains and losses from exchange rate fluctuations if (A) the purchase prices are stated in terms of the foreign currency and (B) the purchases are made on account. A) True B) False 23) An increase in the exchange rate between a transaction date and the date of payment will cause the debtor to incur a loss. A) True B) False 24) As foreign exchange rates fall, importers based in the United States will lose and exporters will gain. A) True B) False 25) Hedging refers to the strategy of taking offsetting positions so that gains in one currency offset losses in another currency. A) True B) False 26) A company has a "hedged position" when it has similar amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable in the same foreign currency. A) True B) False 27) Companies may use future contracts to hedge against losses in foreign currencies. A) True B) False 28) Making accurate estimates of costs is a challenge for global companies. A) True B) False 29) The consolidated financial statements of a U.S.-based corporation are expressed in U.S. dollars and conform to International Financial Reporting Standards. A) True B) False 30) Companies choose a standard exchange rate to compute the cost buildup in their domestic currency. A) True B) False 31) Payments made by American companies to motivate foreign officials to undertake actions more rapidly than they might otherwise are prohibited by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. A) True B) False 32) One of the most important requirements of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is the maintenance of an adequate system of internal control procedures.

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A) True B) False 33) The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act distinguishes between influence peddling and facilitating payments. Facilitating payments are prohibited, while influence peddling is allowed. A) True B) False 34) The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act allows Americans doing business in countries where bribes are legal to also negotiate bribes. A) True B) False 35) Accounting practices are affected by all of the following except : A) Political systems. B) Economic systems. C) Technology and infrastructure. D) Management knowledge of accounting practices. 36) An international joint venture is: A) A company owned by two or more companies from different countries. B) A contractual agreement between a company and a foreign party. C) A company that owns 100 percent of a foreign company. D) A company that owns more than 75 percent of a foreign company. 37) A U. S. public corporation's decision to globalize impacts all of following except : A) Internal procedures. B) Who owns stock in the company. C) Production processes. D) Accounting outputs. 38) In Japan, financial reporting requirements are based primarily on the need to provide information to: A) Investors. B) Government agencies. C) Banks. D) U.S. subsidiaries of Japanese companies. 39) Low individualism and high long-term orientation is indicative of which culture? A) United States B) Great Britain C) Japan D) Germany 40) When the government uses central planning to allocate resources and to determine output among various segments of the economy, this is known as: A) A dictatorship. B) A democracy. C) A planned economy. D) A market economy. 41) Which of the following is true about foreign trade zones? A) They are illegal in the United States. B) Goods imported into these designated U.S. areas are duty-free until they leave the zone. C) They have a special excise tax. D) They are areas outside the United States that offer special tax treatments. 42) Establishing international accounting standards is the responsibility of: A) Securities and Exchange Commission. B) International Accounting Standards Board. C) Financial Accounting Standards Board. D) Accounting Association of America.

43) Which of the following statements is correct? A) Germany requires companies to provide extensive segment disclosure. B) Brazil has the highest number of auditors per capita. C) The United States is the only country that permits companies to use LIFO to account for inventory. D) The United States permits fixed asset revaluation. 44) "Adoption" means abandoning a country's financial reporting standards and replacing them with: A) International Accounting Standards. B) International Financial Reporting Standards. C) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. D) Securities and Exchange Commission Principles. 45) The price of one currency stated in terms of another currency is the: A) Current ratio. B) Exchange rate. C) Facilitating payment. D) International clearing price. 46) If the exchange rate for a foreign currency (stated in dollars) has risen, a dollar will purchase: A) An increased amount of that foreign currency. B) An unchanged amount of that foreign currency. C) A smaller amount of that foreign currency. D) An undetermined amount of that foreign currency. 47) Consider the following statement: "A strong dollar rose sharply against the British pound, but fell slightly against the Japanese yen." This statement indicates that: A) The British pound is a stronger currency than the Japanese yen. B) The exchange rate for the yen, stated in dollars, is rising. C) The exchange rate for the pound, stated in dollars, is rising. D) The exchange rate for the yen, stated in pounds, is falling. [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] In a recent financial journal, the exchange rate between the dollar and the British pound was quoted in two ways: Exchange rate (in dollars) $ 1.60 Exchange rate (in pounds) £ 0.625 - 48) The number of pounds equal to $50,000 on this date is: A) £31,250. B) £80,000. C) £32,500. D) Depends upon whether the item is a receivable or a payable. 49) The number of dollars equivalent to £50,000 on this date is: A) $31,250. B) $80,000. C) $32,500. D) Depends upon whether the item is a receivable or a payable.

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] In a recent financial journal, the exchange rate between the dollar and the Japanese yen (¥) was quoted two ways: Exchange rate (in dollars) $ 0.00764 Exchange rate (in yen) ¥ 130.89005 - 50) The number of Japanese yen equivalent to $40,000 on this date is (rounded to whole ¥): A) ¥3,056,000. B) ¥5,235,602. C) ¥5,245,745. D) Depends upon whether the item is a receivable or a payable. 51) The number of dollars equivalent to ¥5,250,000 on this date is: A) $40,110.00. B) $687,172.50. C) $87,225.50. D) Depends upon whether the item is a receivable or a payable. 52) Walblue imports a desk from a French manufacturer for sale in its chain of U.S. stores. The cost of a desk to Walblue is 3,700 euros (€). What is the dollar cost of one of these desks if the exchange rate is currently 1.117 euros per U.S. dollar? (Round to nearest cent.) A) $1,117.00 B) $4,132.90 C) $3,312.44 D) $3,700.00 53) At the current exchange rate of $1.40 per British pound, a one-day pass to Worldwide Theme Park of Florida sells for 45 pounds at travel agencies throughout Great Britain. If the exchange rate increases to $1.70 per pound, what will happen to the price of a one-day pass sold in Great Britain? A) The price will be unchanged. B) The price will fall to 37 pounds. C) The price will increase to 54 pounds. D) The price will fall by 12 pounds. 54) Rochester, Inc. purchased cameras from a Japanese company at a price of 4 million yen. On the purchase date, the exchange rate was $0.0100 per Japanese yen, but when Rochester, Inc., paid the liability, the exchange rate was $0.0103 per yen. When this foreign account payable was paid, Rochester, Inc., recorded a: A) Debit to Inventory of $1,200. B) Loss of $1,200. C) Credit to Accounts Payable of $41,200. D) Gain of $1,200. 55) Hayden, Inc. purchased knobs from a Greek company for 185,000 euros. On the purchase date the exchange rate was $0.80 per euro, but when Hayden paid the liability, the exchange rate was $0.70 per euro. When this foreign account payable was paid, Hayden, Inc., recorded a: A) Debit to Inventory of $18,500. B) Loss of $18,500. C) Credit to Accounts Payable of $148,000. D) Gain of $18,500. 56) Tuliptime, Inc. sold American fashions to a Japanese company at a price of 4 million yen. On the sale date, the exchange rate was $0.0100 per Japanese yen, but when Tuliptime received payment from its customer, the exchange rate was $0.0103 per yen. When the foreign receivable was collected, Tuliptime: A) Credited Sales for $1,200. B) Debited Cash for $40,000. C) Credited Gain on Fluctuation of Foreign Currency for $1,200.

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D) Debited Loss on Fluctuation of Foreign Currency for $1,200. 57) Barter Corp. sold American telecommunications equipment to a British company for 650,000 pounds. On the sale date, the exchange rate was $1.65 per British pound, but when Barter received payment from its customer, the exchange rate was $1.60 per pound. When the foreign receivable was collected, Barter Enterprises: A) Credited Sales for $32,500. B) Debited Cash for $32,500. C) Credited Gain on Fluctuation of Foreign Currency for $32,500. D) Debited Loss on Fluctuation of Foreign Currency for $32,500. 58) Flynn Corporation purchased bicycles from a British manufacturer at a price of 45,000 British pounds on November 15, 2017 with payment due in 60 days. Using the following exchange rates, what gain or loss from currency fluctuations should be recognized in 2017 and 2018, respectively? Nov. 15, 2017 $1.70 per British pound Dec. 31, 2017 $1.75 per British pound Jan. 15, 2018 $1.73 per British pound A) A $2,250 loss in 2017 and a $900 gain in 2018. B) No gain or loss in 2017 and a $1,350 loss in 2018. C) A $2,250 gain in 2017 and a $900 loss in 2018. D) No gain or loss in 2017 and a $1,350 gain in 2018. 59) Exact Instruments sold equipment to a British research group at a price of 70,000 British pounds on December 1, 2017 with payment due in 90 days. Using the following exchange rates, what gain or loss from currency fluctuations should be recognized in 2017 and 2018, respectively? Dec. 1, 2017 $ 1.7 8 per British pound Dec. 31, 2017 $ 1.82per British pound Mar. 1, 2018 $ 1.77per British pound - A) A $2,800 loss in 2017 and a $3,500 gain in 2018. B) No gain or loss in 2017 and a $700 loss in 2018. C) A $2,800 gain in 2017 and a $3,500 loss in 2018. D) No gain or loss in 2017 and a $700 gain in 2018. 60) Gains and losses from fluctuations in exchange rates should be shown on the: A) Balance sheet. B) Income statement. C) Statement of changes to owners' equity. D) Statement of cash flows. 61) On November 1, a French company purchased machinery from an American company for 800,000 euros when the exchange rate was $0.83. When preparing financial statements on December 31, assuming the rate for euros was $0.88, what amount of gain or loss should the American company report? A) $40,000 gain B) $40,000 loss C) $19,000 gain D) No gain or loss would be reported. 62) Assume the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar is rising relative to the U.S. dollar. An American company will incur losses from this rising exchange rate if it is making: A) Credit sales to Canadian companies at prices stated in Canadian dollars.

B) Credit purchases from Canadian companies at prices stated in U.S. dollars. C) Credit sales to Canadian companies at prices stated in U.S. dollars. D) Credit purchases from Canadian companies at prices stated in Canadian dollars. 63) Assume the exchange rate for the Mexican peso is falling relative to the U.S. dollar. An American company will incur losses from this falling exchange rate if the company is making: A) Credit sales to Mexican companies at prices stated in U.S. dollars. B) Credit purchases from Mexican companies at prices stated in U.S. dollars. C) Credit sales to Mexican companies at prices stated in Mexican pesos. D) Credit purchases from Mexican companies at prices stated in Mexican pesos. 64) Blue Waters is an American company that does business with several Japanese corporations. In recent months, Blue Waters has been reporting losses from increases in the exchange rate of the Japanese yen. The majority of Blue Waters transactions with the Japanese companies probably consist of: A) Credit sales at prices stated in U.S. dollars. B) Credit sales at prices stated in Japanese yen. C) Credit purchases at prices stated in U.S. dollars. D) Credit purchases at prices stated in Japanese yen. 65) A corporation that uses a strategy of hedging all contracts specifying a foreign currency (i.e. foreign accounts receivable and foreign accounts payable): A) Will always be better off than if the contracts were not hedged. B) Recognizes a net loss if the foreign exchange rate increases. C) Avoids net losses from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. D) Recognizes a net gain if the foreign exchange rate increases. 66) Trente Switch and Signal sold equipment to a Canadian transportation company at a price of 300,000 Canadian dollars with payment due in 60 days. On the date of sale, the exchange rate was 1.50 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar. Trente decided to hedge the risk of currency fluctuations by purchasing 300,000 Canadian dollars with payment due in 60 days. If the exchange rate in 60 days is 1.25 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar, Trente Switch and Signal will: A) Recognize a net gain of $40,000 on the two transactions. B) Recognize a $40,000 gain when it collects the receivable and incur a $40,000 loss when it pays the liability. C) Incur a $40,000 loss when it collects the receivable and recognize a $40,000 gain when it pays the liability. D) Incur a net loss of $40,000 on the two transactions. 67) Samson Corporation buys a foreign currency future contract as a hedging strategy to protect against possible losses from fluctuations in a particular foreign exchange. This strategy suggests that Samson Corporation has: A) Foreign accounts payable and expects the exchange rate to fall. B) Foreign accounts receivable and expects the exchange rate to rise. C) Foreign accounts payable and expects the exchange rate to rise. D) Foreign accounts receivable and expects the exchange rate to fall. 68) A contract giving the right to receive a specified quantity of foreign currency at a future date is known as a: A) Hedging contract. B) Specified contract. C) Foreign contract. D) Future contract.

69) Of the following globalization strategies, which would be least demanding in terms of the quantity and variety of accounting information required? A) Exporting B) International licensing C) Joint ventures D) Establishing a wholly owned foreign subsidiary 70) Which of the following does not affect the cost associated with producing and selling goods and services in global markets? A) Tariffs B) Duties C) Special trade zones D) Sales or use tax rates in the United States 71) Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, American business firms are required to: A) Refuse to transact business in countries that sanction official corruption. B) Report all bribery attempts to the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. C) Maintain an adequate system of internal control limiting access to company assets to authorized personnel. D) Maintain a list of all personnel employed by the company during the last 10 years. 72) The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) imposes ________ for managers who engage in bribes. A) Fines B) Deportation C) Quotas D) Taxes 73) The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) affects all of the following except : A) United States companies. B) Foreign companies operating in the United States. C) Foreign companies operating solely in their home country. D) Affiliates and agents of a United States company or a foreign company operating in the United States. 74) Accounting terminology Listed below are nine technical accounting terms introduced in this chapter: Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. In the space provided below each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer "None" if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. ________ (a) The strategy of creating offsetting positions so that losses from currency fluctuations will be offset by gains resulting from the same fluctuations. ________ (b) The price of foreign currency, stated in terms of the domestic currency. ________ (c) An item likely to appear in the income statements of American-based importers when foreign exchange rates are rising. ________ (d) The organization responsible for developing uniform worldwide accounting standards. ________ (e) Payments made to foreign officials to expedite paperwork. ________ (f) The process of restating an amount of foreign currency in terms of the equivalent number of U.S. dollars. ________ (g) An item likely to appear in the income statements of American-based exporters when foreign

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exchange rates are falling. 75) Listed below are several terms and statements with missing expressions. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term. Multiply Weak (relative to currency) International Accounting Standards Board Divide Strong (relative to currency) Hedging Market economy Foreign trade zones Translating Planned economy Foreign Corrupt Practices Act International licensing (1) To convert a foreign currency to an equivalent dollar amount, ________ the foreign currency by the foreign exchange rate. (2) To convert a dollar amount into an equivalent amount of foreign currency, ________ the dollar amount by the exchange rate. (3) The ________ prohibits companies engaged in global activities from bribing officials of foreign countries. (4) Goods imported into ________ are duty free. (5) ________ minimizes or eliminates the risk of loss associated with foreign currency fluctuations. (6) In a ________, ownership of land and the means of production are privately held. (7) In a ________, the government allocates resources and determines output among various segments of the economy. (8) The process of restating an amount of foreign currency in terms of the equivalent number of dollars is called ________ the foreign currency. (9) A currency is described as ________ when its exchange rate is rising relative to other currencies. (10) A currency is described as ________ when its exchange rate is falling in relation to other currencies. 76) Importing transactions-journal entries Striking Furs imports furs from Canada. In the space provided below, prepare journal entries to record the following events. Dec. 11, 2017: Purchased furs from Capable Trappers, Ltd., a Canadian corporation, at a price of 25,000 Canadian dollars, due in 60 days. The current exchange rate is $0.85 U.S. dollars per Canadian dollar. (Striking uses the perpetual inventory method; debit the Inventory account.) Dec. 31, 2017: Striking made a year-end adjusting entry relating to the account payable to Capable Trappers. The exchange rate at year-end is $0.89 U.S. dollars per Canadian dollar. Feb. 9, 2018: Issued a check for $21,750 (U.S. dollars) to National Bank in full settlement of the liability to Capable Trappers, Ltd. The exchange rate at this date is $0.87 U.S. dollars per Canadian dollar. 2017 General Journal Dec 11 Dec 31

2018 Feb 9 77) Exporting transactions-journal entries Jung Farms exports wheat to Germany. In the space provided below, prepare journal entries to record the following events. Nov. 15, 2017: Sold wheat to a German restaurant chain at a price of 2 million euros, due in 90 days. The current exchange rate is $0.80 U.S. dollars per euro. (Jung uses the periodic inventory method.) Dec. 31, 2017: Jung made a year-end adjusting entry relating to the account receivable from the German restaurant chain. The exchange rate at year-end is $0.85 U.S. dollars per euro. Feb. 15, 2018: Received a check for $1,640,000 from the InterContinental Bank in full settlement of the receivable from the German restaurant chain. The exchange rate at this date is $0.82 U.S. dollars per euro. 2017 General Journal Nov.1 5 Dec.31 2018 Feb.15 78) Foreign currency transactions The following table summarizes the facts of five independent cases (labeled a through e ) of American companies engaging in credit transactions with foreign corporations while the foreign exchange rate is fluctuating:

Instructions: After evaluating the information about each case, fill the blank space that has been left in one of the four columns. The content of each column and the word or words that you should enter in the blank spaces are described below: Column 1 indicates the type of credit transaction in which the American company engaged with the foreign corporations. The answer entered in this column should be either "Sales" or "Purchases." Column 2 indicates the currency in which the invoice price is stated. The answer may be either "U.S. dollars" or "Foreign currency." Column 3 indicates the direction in which the foreign currency exchange rate has moved between the date of the credit transaction and the date of settlement. The answer in this column may be either "Rising" or "Falling." Column 4 indicates the effect of the exchange rate fluctuation upon the income of the American company. The answers entered in this column are to be selected from the following: "Gain," "Loss," or "No effect." 79) Exchange rates and hedging On October 1 2018, Glenn Company accepted a shipment of beer from Germany. The purchase contract specifies payment of 3,000,000 euros is to be made on December 1, 2018. The exchange rate on October 1, 2018 was: $1 = 1.4 euros. Instructions: (a) If the exchange rate on December 1 2018 is: $1 = 1.18 euros, what amount of gain or loss due to the exchange rate fluctuation will be recognized on the purchase? (b) On October 1, Glenn's analysts were forecasting the exchange rate to be: $1 = 1.20 euros on December 1, 2018. Glenn can enter into a hedging contract on October 1, 2018 whereby the bank would accept $2,480,000 in exchange for 3,000,000 euros on December 1. The bank will charge a $2,000 fee to enter into the agreement. Should Glenn enter into the hedge agreement? (c) If Glenn enters into the hedging contract, what will be the exchange gain/loss recorded on December 1, 2018? (Do not round your intermediate computations, but rather round the final answers to nearest whole dollar.) 80) Prepare journal entries for the following transactions for Inter-Global Co. October 10: Purchased merchandise on account from Le Monde, a French company, for 80,000 euros. The exchange rate was $0.82. November 2: Paid Le Monde for the merchandise purchased on October 1. The exchange rate at this date was $0.83. November 15: Sold merchandise to Nippon, a Japanese company for 300,000 yen on account. The rate of exchange was $0.0091. November 20: The Japanese company paid the full amount. The exchange rate was $0.0090. December 5: Sold merchandise to Ponti, an Italian company for $24,000. The exchange rate is $0.81. The

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Italian company agrees to pay in U.S. dollars. December 18: Collected the full amount from the Italian company when the exchange rate is $0.82. 81) Explain the major provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act as amended in 1986. 82) Differentiate between adoption and convergence as related to International Financial Reporting Standards.

chap015

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