ERS 205 Assignment 1

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Feb 20, 2024

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Cayleigh Gilbert ID: 20839947 ERS 205 Professor James Nugent February 9, 2024 Assignment 1 : I=f(PAT) Question 1: How does this equation, I=f(PAT), understand poverty in relation to sustainability? The equation I = f(PAT) represents the Human impacts on the environment (I) = Population (P) x Affluence (A) x Technological capacity (T) This formula is used to explain how greater negative environmental impacts are to be expected as human populations and consumption levels increase (Nugent, 2024). Those with lower incomes will most often consume less, resulting in a lower ecological footprint . For example, consuming less food, clothing, luxury items, etc. This can also be seen through transportation methods as they will assumingly share one car or use other modes of public transportation. On the contrary, those with low incomes may also engage in unsustainable practices by using older and harmful equipment. Energy-efficient or renewable energy sources, appliances, and technologies such as solar panels, dishwashers, etc. can be expensive and harder to find. Question 2: Consider the role of affluence. How does affluence (in Canada) relate to environmental impacts in developing countries? Identify one specific example. Electronic waste (E-Waste) exporting is an ongoing problem and example of affluence in Canada relating to environmental impacts in developing countries. Affluent countries such as Canada often produce a substantial amount of electronic waste, with older and disposed items often being exported to developing countries with less regulations and lower labour costs. A study conducted by the University of Toronto found that people in China and the Global South suffer the brunt of emissions of toxic chemicals from consumer goods used in more-developed countries like Canada (Campbell, 2022).
E-waste contributes greatly to this as the group of chemical fire retardants that are commonly associated with the disposal of electronic waste, is likely to cause thyroid issues, neurodevelopmental   deficits, and cancer (Campbell, 2022). As a result, this exploitation raises both environmental and social justice concern as harmful emissions have a direct impact on individuals’ health in these areas. Question 3: Going beyond examples from this course, think of an example of a technology that has impacted our ecological footprint. The increasing use of electric vehicles has acted as a transformative technology that is reducing the ecological footprint of many Canadians. Electric vehicles help to mitigate ecological overshoot by addressing several key environmental challenges associated with traditional engine vehicles. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing air and noise pollution, as well as putting less strain on resources (Sen, B., et al., 2019). The rise of fast fashion websites/platforms represents a technology-driven trend that increases the ecological footprint of Canadians. Fast fashion has accelerated the speed at which consumers access, purchase, and dispose of items (Binet, et al., 2018). Question 4: Do you think that having as many children as you want should be an individual right for Canadians? Or should the Canadian government restrict the number of children born? For me personally, I believe that families should NOT be limited to having only one child and therefore that the Canadian government should not implement restrictions regarding the number of children born. As proven in the past, China’s one-child policy produced many consequences for their country beyond just reducing their population growth. This included a rise in abortions, a growing proportion of elderly people, and hidden/unreported births hidden from authorities (Pletcher, 2024). Overall, this government policy questioned the “good life” for many individuals who felt they did not have control of their own life choices. As Canada functions within a framework with values and principles that underpin our nation’s democratic and inclusive society, I believe that having as many children as you want provides freedom and social justice/ equality for Canadians. However, it is also crucial to address the rapid growth of earth’s population as it is increasingly creating environmental concern. Through various ways such as the extraction of resources, burning of fossil fuels, urbanization, extinction of species, global warming, and food shortages, there is much concern of environmental collapse. As the population grows, it may be initially below the carrying capacity if
resources are abundant, although continuous growth can lead to reaching this capacity or even exceeding it. Therefore, if the earth’s population were to surpass the carrying capacity of our environment, it will lead to ecological overshoot . Considering carrying capacity is important with relation to the quality of life as well. Adequate access to resources/work, reduced environmental stress, and balanced development all lead to a healthier and happier life for communities. As an alternative to proposing stringent and harsh measures to prevent overpopulation, managing population growth and resource use within limits of carrying capacity, we can strive as a society to create a balance that ensures long-term health and resilience for ecosystem and future generations. This can be achieved through educating individuals through the promotion of environmental impact of larger families and providing education on sustainable family planning options. Adequate help and education can lead to informed choices regarding family size. We can also focus more on addressing issues related to resource consumption, waste management, and sustainable development to ensure that all generations are familiar with the idea of sustainability and how to avoid the depletion of resources we need. Total Word Count: 761
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Bibliography Binet, F., et al. (2018). Fast fashion and sustainable consumption. Textile Science and Clothing Technology , 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1268-7_2 Campbell, D. (2022). More developed countries dumping toxic e-waste in Global South, U of T researchers find. University of Toronto. https://www.utoronto.ca/news/more-developed-countries-dumping-toxic-e-waste- global-south-u-t-researchers-find Nugent, J. (2024). Module 2. Part A: The Socio-Ecological Crisis. The University of Waterloo. https://learn.uwaterloo.ca/d2l/le/content/975301/Home Pletcher, K. (2024). One-Child Policy. Encyclopaedia Britannica . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Martin-Luther-King-Jr-1929-68-2229053 Sen, B., et al. (2019). Material footprint of electric vehicles: A multiregional life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production , 209 , 1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.309