ITT-270 STP, Root Bridge, PortFast, BPDU Guard, and EtherChannel Guide

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Emmett Norris 02/14/22 ITT-270 ITT-270 STP and Root Bridge Questions 1.Is S3 the root bridge? Elaborate on how you came to this conclusion. This switch is not the root because after inputting the command to show the spanning tree, the switch shows a cost and port value instead of a line that says,” This bridge is the root”. Also in the interface portion of the feedback, it shows one of the interface connections as a root fwd port. 2.What port is the root port? The root port for this switch is port number 25 or the Gi0/1 connection. 3.What does the cost of 19 mean? The cost value is tied to both the speed of the port and the shortest path to the root bridge for the port. A value of 19 means that the port speed is 100 Mbps. 4.What switch is attached to the other side of that root port? The switch named S2 seems to be the Root Bridge and is the switch at the other side of the Root port. 5.Is S1 a root bridge? Elaborate on how you came to this conclusion. I do not believe that S1 is a root bridge because the only root bridge function enabled seems to be the Extended system ID function while all the other functions are disabled. From a physical standpoint, it would also make lass sense to have it as one unless something happened to the direct ports on S3.

6.For what VLANs? VLAN 1 seems to be the only VLAN listed in the summary report. 7.Is VLAN 1 the root bridge? Currently, it appears that VLAN 1 is handling the root bridge connections. 8.What is the root port? The root port for S3 port 25 or the Gi0/1 connection. 9.Why are all the ports in forwarding mode? I would guess that it is because the switch has been set to act as the root bridge for all ports on VLAN 1 which all the ports are set to by default and have not been changed since the initial configuration. 10.Considering the data rates for each link, which switch(es) should be root bridge(s) for what VLANs? Why? I am not sure what would be the best answer here as I think it could really depend on the current setup and the security of the network. Port forwarding can be extremely useful with speeding up data flow so if that was all I was concerned about then I soul setup S3 for VLAN 1 which is the default and leave all the ports on forward but if I had a lack of security, I would probably only have the gigabit ports connected for forwarding on the same router just so that not all ports are exposed and so that it can be easier to seal up the data leak in the event of a digital breach. 11.Why would we want to enable PortFast? Possibly to speed up the connections between the switches and workstations.

12.What is a bridging loop? How do we avoid it? A bridging loop is where a packet of data is sent around a group of switches and routers in a loop when there is more than one layer 2 path between 2 endpoints. This problem can be avoided by disabling redundant paths for the data to travel through. 13.Is fa0/2 in trunking mode? What command(s) do you use to find out? My fa0/2 port was not set to trunk mode as the initial diagram setup did not specify to set the port to trunk mode but I can also verify this by using the command, “ show interfaces trunk” and it should list all the trunk interfaces on the switch along with what VLAN they belong to.

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14.What's the command?

Show interface fa0/2 15.What is LACP? PAgP? EtherChannel?

LACP and PAgP are port protocol standards used to bundle ports with similar characteristics through a form of dynamic or through forced communication/ negotiant with connected network devices. LACP is an open standard and is supported by most vendors whereas PAgP is a Cisco proprietary standard. An EtherChannel is a port link technology used to group several ethernet links to create one large virtual ethernet link to allow both a speed increase and fault tolerance much like setting up raid configurations for data drives. 16.Why choose desirable? My best guess is because it forces the port(s) to use PAgP unconditionally which means that it will only use the one Cisco protocol by default and not use any other which can benefit the

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current network setup as all connect network devices are Cisco and can benefit from utilizing the protocol. 17.Why does the link state go to up here and not in step 12?

I think the reason that it goes up here compared to in step 12 is because we are configuring the root bridge instead of just a general network path. 18.What protocol is in use for this channel?

The PAgP protocol is in use for this channel group.

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