CS 132 Counseling and Interviewing Assignment 1

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Red River College *

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Computer Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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CS 132 Counseling and Interviewing Assignments 1. List six common meanings of client silence in counselling. Suggest strategy choices for dealing with each (12 marks) 1. Discomfort or hesitation - Some clients may experience discomfort when discussing specific topics or may be hesitant to share their thoughts and feelings. There are several strategies to effectively address this. One approach is to make sure to create a comfortable and non-threatening environment for the individual. This can help them feel more at ease and willing to open up. Additionally, offering empathy and validation can be beneficial in so many ways. Showing understanding and acknowledging their feelings can help build trust and encourage them to share more. Lastly, using open-ended questions can be effective in allowing the client to share at their own pace. These types of questions encourage them to provide more detailed responses and express themselves freely. 2. Resistance or defensiveness - Clients may choose to remain silent due to resistance or defensiveness. This could be because they felt judged or misunderstood in the past or may feel like the counselor may judge because of stigma or other reasons. In this situation, it can be beneficial to acknowledge and validate their emotions, provide thoughtful insights to show empathy, and dive into any deeper worries or anxieties they may have. 3. Processing and reflection - Silence can also indicate that the client is engaged in processing information, reflecting on their thoughts and feelings, or attempting to gather their thoughts. Strategies to address this is to create a supportive environment by allowing for moments of silence and giving clients the necessary space to process their thoughts. At the same time, they can gently encourage clients to share their feelings and experiences, if they feel comfortable doing so. 4. Emotional overwhelm - Silence can be a sign that the client is experiencing a feeling of being overwhelmed by their emotions or experiences. Strategies for addressing this issue could include offering validation and emotional support, using grounding techniques, and exploring methods to regulate emotions. 5. Lack of insight - Certain clients may encounter difficulty expressing their thoughts or may have limited awareness of their emotions and actions, resulting in periods of silence. Strategies for addressing this can be supporting individuals in their journey through practicing reflective listening, and providing other therapeutic methods like for example mindfulness based techniques could be explored to help the individual gain insight. 6. Resistance to change - Clients may also remain silent due to a resistance to change or a reluctance to actively participate in counselling. Some strategies that could be used can include exploring the client's doubt, addressing any obstacles to change, and using motivational interviewing techniques to inspire a change in attitude.

2. What is the difference between paraphrasing and repetition? ( 2 Marks) Paraphrasing is a technique used by counsellors to rephrase a client's words in a way that shows active listening and understanding. This approach can be helpful in validating the client's emotions or thoughts. Repetition typically refers to the client repeating certain words or phrases as they reflect on their thoughts and emotions. It can also serve as a useful tool for clients when focusing on particular issues or emotions. Additionally, it offers counsellors an opportunity to gain valuable insight into the client's root causes or emotions. 3. List and describe the two types of questions and their use. (4 marks) -Open questions:This is used to start a conversation between the client and the counselor. -Closed questions: Used to end the session. Open questions serve as a way of starting a conversation between the client and the counsellor. The purpose of these questions is to encourage the client to provide detailed and thoughtful responses. Open questions usually start with words such as "what," "how," or "why." These types of questions provide clients with the opportunity to express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a more freely way. Closed questions, are used to wrap up the session or gather specific information. Typically, these questions can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" or a brief response. Closed questions are valuable for gathering specific details or clarifying information. However, they don't encourage the client's to elaborate or dive into their thoughts and emotions in depth. 4. What are the six key questions for every interview? (6 marks) 1. "What brings you here today?" This question helps the counselor understand the reason for the interview and what the Client hopes to achieve or discuss during the session.

2. "What are your expectations of me?" By asking this question, the counselor can clarify the Clients expectations and ensure that they are on the same page. Creating an open discussion of the goals and purposes of the interview is helpful. 3. "What do I need to know about your situation?" This question provides an opportunity for the client to share important background information or context that could be crucial for the counselor to gain a comprehensive understanding of their situation. Gathering necessary details during an interview helps the client get appropriate guidance or support. 4. "What do you mean by...?" This question is typically asked when the client uses a term or phrase that may not be clear or easily understood. Asking for clarification during an interview helps the counselor to ensure they have a clear understanding of what the client is trying to say. 5. “What strengths and resources do you have that can support you in making change?” This question can be used to assist clients in identifying their own strengths, as well as various resources they can rely on to cope with overwhelming challenges. 6. "What did we accomplish?" This question is typically asked towards the end of the interview to allow the Client to reflect on the progress made during the session. It helps both the counselor and client to evaluate the progress made, pinpoint any weaknesses or areas that require further exploring, and summarize the main insights gained. 5. List and define the three types of empathy. (6 marks) The three types of empathy are cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and compassionate empathy. Having cognitive empathy means being able to put yourself in another person's shoes and having the ability to understand and empathize with their emotions and thoughts. Emotional empathy refers to the experience of actually feeling another person's emotions as if you can relate to them. Emotional empathy allows you to share in the same emotions as another person and even physically sense what they are experiencing.

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Compassionate empathy extends beyond more than just having awareness and sharing emotions with another individual. It involves naturally shifted to help someone in need. Compassionate empathy involves the process of understanding, feeling, and taking action to offer support or assistance to someone. 6. What are four ways that a client might react to empathy from the counselor? (4 marks) 1. Positive: Clients may have a positive response when the counselor shows empathy. Clients may experience feelings of being understood, validated, and supported, which can foster a sense of trust within the context of counseling. A positive reaction can increase the client's willingness to open up and actively participate. 2. Negative: On the other hand, clients may have a negative response to empathy. The counselor's acknowledgement of their emotions or experiences may make them feel uncomfortable or defensive. The negative reaction could be due to fear of vulnerability or past negative experiences with expressing emotions. 3. Potentially positive: Some clients may have a negative reaction to empathy, but over time, they may come to find it helpful. At first, individuals may experience resistance or doubt, but as they keep getting empathy from the counselor, they may gradually develop an appreciation for its significance in understanding their emotions and experiences. 4. Potentially negative: similar, certain clients may at first respond positively to empathy, but may later struggle or feel overwhelmed by it. Individuals may experience feelings of exposure or vulnerability when a counselor deeply understands their emotions. The chance of a negative reaction may stem from a fear of being judged or a fear of facing challenging emotions.

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