Assessment 1 Guidelines

Assessment 1 Guidelines: Task 1:  New dynamic type that avoid compile time type checking  The dynamic types are resolved at runtime instead of compile time  Compiler skips the type checking for dynamic type  It does not give any error about dynamic types at compile time  A method can have parameters of the dynamic type  Data can be declare dynamic type Output: Your result is 21 X 12= 252 Task 2:  It deals with automatic garbage collections.  It has a lot of standard libraries.  Some properties and events can make programming smarter.  Delegates and concepts of event management can also help in making the language strong.  It supports Multi-threading.  It has the concepts of Indexers  Generic concepts are easy to use in C Task 3: Flowchart: START Get the price Calculate Total price Get Discount % Calculate Discount Price

Pseudocode: Start Get the price list Calculate total price Get discount percentage Calculate discount price Calculate discount payable price Print price End C# programming code: using System; class MainClass { public static void Main ( string [] args) { Console.WriteLine( "Enter bill amount:" ); int bill = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine( "Enter discount percentage:" ); int discount = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); int afterDiscount = bill - (bill * discount / 100 ); Console.WriteLine( "After discount your bill is: " + afterDiscount); } } Output: Calculate Total Bill Print Bill END

decimal stores a decimal number but has a smaller range than float and double. However, it has a much greater precision of approximately 28-29 digits. If your program requires a high degree of precision when storing non integral numbers, you should use a decimal data type. An example is when you are writing a financial application where precision is very important. Char char stands for character and is used to store single Unicode characters such as ‘A’, ‘%’, ‘@’ and ‘p’ etc. bool bool stands for boolean and can only hold two values: true and false. It is commonly used in control flow statements. Task 5: The main   benefits   one can gain from   using asynchronous programming   are improved   application   performance and responsiveness. One particularly well suited   application   for the   asynchronous pattern   is providing a responsive UI in a client   application   while running a computationally or resource expensive Asynchronous programming is   a   means   of parallel   programming   in which a unit of work runs separately from the main application thread and notifies the calling thread of its completion, failure or progress synchronous programming static void Main ( string [] args) { Coffee cup = PourCoffee(); Console.WriteLine( "coffee is ready" ); Egg eggs = FryEggs(2); Console.WriteLine( "eggs are ready" ); Bacon bacon = FryBacon(3); Console.WriteLine( "bacon is ready" ); Toast toast = ToastBread(2); ApplyButter(toast); ApplyJam(toast); Console.WriteLine( "toast is ready" ); Juice oj = PourOJ(); Console.WriteLine( "oj is ready" ); Console.WriteLine( "Breakfast is ready!" ); } Asynchronous programming static async Task Main ( string [] args) { Coffee cup = PourCoffee(); Console.WriteLine( "coffee is ready" ); Egg eggs = await FryEggs(2); Console.WriteLine( "eggs are ready" ); Bacon bacon = await FryBacon(3); Console.WriteLine( "bacon is ready" ); Toast toast = await ToastBread(2); ApplyButter(toast); ApplyJam(toast); Console.WriteLine( "toast is ready" );

Juice oj = PourOJ(); Console.WriteLine( "oj is ready" ); Console.WriteLine( "Breakfast is ready!" ); } Task 6: C# 8.0 adds the following features and enhancements to the C# language: Readonly members Default interface methods Pattern matching enhancements: Switch expressions Property patterns Tuple patterns Positional patterns Using declarations Static local functions Disposable ref structs Nullable reference types Asynchronous streams Indices and ranges Null-coalescing assignment Unmanaged constructed types Stackalloc in nested expressions Enhancement of interpolated verbatim strings There are two main themes to the C# 7.3 release .

 Idea Generation;  Demand Generation;  Function and Structure;  Prototyping Stage;  PRD (replaced by prototyping for most occasions);  Road Map 1. Paper prototyping  - this is mostly for self-usage, to record ideas; 2. Rapid prototyping  - the most demanding prototypes, wide range of application; 3. High-fidelity prototyping  - emphasis interactions and user interface, for stockholders & development team; 4. Low-fidelity prototyping - emphasis interactions and thoughts, for design teams; As you see, except paper prototyping, all the rest need to use a prototyping tool. For your better decisions, I will introduce the tool from several aspects: Cost:  How much will you spend? Compatibility:  Is the tool for Mac or Windows or both? Key features:  What can it do? Learning Curve:  How long it takes you to get started? Usage pattern:  Are you prototyping websites, mobile apps, desktop apps, or all of the above? Speed:  How quick can you finish design on the prototyping tool? Fidelity:  What is the requirement of your prototypes fidelity? Wireframes or low-fidelity or high-fidelity? Sharing:  Collaboration is key when it comes to design. A must consideration. User’s feedback:  See what others say.

To help you select the best prototyping tool for you and your business, here’s a list of five of the most popular, affordable, and accessible solutions you can use today. By no means is this list comprehensive, but we’ve compiled some of our favorites for your consideration. 1. InVision : best prototyping tool for building exceptional products in one, connected workflow InVision makes it easy to create interactive prototypes. Simply upload static screenshots and create clickable prototypes your users can interact with and understand. The app runs on the web and works well simplifying the workflow between designers and other stakeholding teams.  Create rich interactive prototypes that allow for rapid iteration  Seamlessly communicate, gather feedback, and advance projects  Compatibility with most popular graphics file formats like PNG, GIF, PSD, JPG, and others  Pricing: Free to $100/month 2. Balsamiq : best prototyping tool for building wireframes Balsamiq helps you quickly design mockups that are great for sketching and wireframing. With excellent ease of use, a great widget library, and its cloud-based software, it makes team collaboration easy.  Allows for quick wireframing so you can learn fast and fail faster  Minimal learning curve with powerful technology  Drag and drop simplicity  Pricing: $9-$199/month, discounts for annual subscriptions

XD is your all in one app. Adobe XD provides you access to all your assets in one place, eliminates tedious manual tasks, create experiences that are adaptable to any size screen, and integrates seamlessly with the UserTesting platform .  High-fidelity interactions  Integration with the other Adobe products you already use  Real-time viewing, commenting, and sharing capabilities Task 8: Quality assurance ( QA ) fundamentals must be in place, including the development of a quality plan. QA's role is to ensure that the project is developed in compliance with the defined processes and that the processes defined are adequate for the project. ... It enhances communication among project members and customers. - Best Quality Assurance Practices in an Agile Software Development Process. it makes the development process time and cost -effective. and faster in a new system and development cycles become rapid . Agile development methods are similar to rapid application ... segments of the development life cycle, such as development , quality assurance , and operations. That produces a high-quality system with low investment costs . Task 9: The success of Rapid Application Development is contingent upon the involvement   of   people with the right skills and talents . ...   Rapid development   usually allows each   person involved   to play several different roles, so a   RAD   project mandates a great degree of cooperative effort among a relatively small   group of people . By utilizing a rapid application development method, designers and developers can aggressively utilize knowledge and discoveries gleaned during the development process itself to shape the design and or alter the software direction entirely.  User Involvement: which requires the design team to discuss with users what features or implementations might be required and plan specifications around those ideas, a rapid prototype allows users to actually use the software and provide feedback on a live system, rather than attempting to provide abstract evaluations of a design document.  Feasibility: development team require feasibility analysis to quickly evaluate the feasibility of a particularly complex or risky component right

out of the gate. By recognizing and working on complicated systems early in the development lifecycle, the software will be more robust, less error- prone, and better structured for future design additions.  Error Reduction & Debugging: Team require Testing and quality assurance skills With rapid prototype releases during a project,  it is far more likely that errors will be both discovered (and subsequently squashed) far earlier in the development cycle than with a typical waterfall approach. Task 10: It depends on some of the following factors: 1. Which type of the project? 2. What are the requirements? 3. What will be the time duration? 4. What is the problem and what is the solution for that problem? 5. What are the tools to be used? 6. Enhancements and so on… Following are some of the methodologies for software development  Waterfall Model  Prototype Methodology  Agile Software Development Methodology  Rapid Application Development  Dynamic System Development Model Methodology  Spiral Model  Extreme Programming Methodology  Feature Driven Development  Joint Application Development Methodology  Lean Development Methodology ...

The variety of programming languages available to software developers today is really impressive. While their popularity and usage change from year to year, leaders stay the same: JavaScript, PHP, Java, C# and Python. The picture below demonstrates coding languages ranking as of today based on Stack Overflow stats: Needless to say that each language has own advantages and disadvantages and it's business critical to choose the right language for your project depending on your mid and long-term goals and overall expectations. I've compiled a list of recommendations for non-tech companies and startups that are looking to kick off their development project while still having doubts about what language / technology to choose for it.

What Are the Questions to Ask When Choosing a Programming Language? This is by no means a comprehensive list of questions. But it’s a list that can serve as a starting point to choose the programming language that you’ll need. 1. Does the language have proper ecosystem support? Will the language survive for the long haul? Is there vendor support provided for the language? 2. What’s the environment that the project will run on — web, mobile, etc.? 3. Are there infrastructure considerations to using the programming language, such as new hardware required? What are the deployment considerations? 4. Does the client prefer a certain programming language to be used? 5. Are there specific libraries, features, and tools for a programming language that are the industry standard for this type of project? 6. Can our developer program in this language? Do we need to hire new developers? Can our developers learn the new programming language quickly? 7. What are the constraints of your project that are non-negotiable — time, budget, resources? 8. What are the performance considerations of the project? Will the language accommodate the benchmarks and the performance?

At the same time, the tool shouldn’t completely exclude frontend developers, and allow them to make changes wherever required. 2. Quick deployment, modification, and prototyping The RAD tool should be able to automatically deploy applications from the development environment to production, saving your team a lot of time. It should also be able to support different staged activities for testing purposes. The tool should make it easy for you to check all the revisions made by the different team members, and rollback any changes with a simple click of a button. At the same time, there should be a built-in provision for automated prototyping and wireframing so that you can have a clear idea about how the design will look before finalizing anything. 3. Easy reusability In order to decrease the development time and deploy applications quickly, the RAD tool you choose should have the option to reuse previously built applications or its parts including workflows, forms, components, services, and templates. 4. Support for mobile apps While the exact type of mobile support offered will differ from one RAD tool to another, it should at least be able to provide at least minimal support for mobile web apps. However, it may be best to pick RAD platforms that provide support for JavaScript and HTML5 in order to ensure your mobile hybrid applications run smoothly. 5. Seamless team collaboration Choose a RAD platform that focuses on agile teams to make it easier for your IT and business teams to collaborate while developing applications. From managing tasks to reviewing code, messaging, and reporting, there are a lot of collaboration features offered by RAD platforms and the right one will depend on your exact requirements. 6. Real-time analytics User feedback is an essential part of rapid application development and that is why it’s important to choose a RAD platform that offers features like built-in analytics, reporting, traceability, and app management which would, in turn, help you improve adoption and usability. Next Step: Find Your Perfect RAD Platform

The next step is to evaluate RAD platforms carefully and choose the one that meets your organization’s current and future needs best. Kissflow  is a no-code RAD platform that allows you to automate business processes. It offers all the necessary features you will require to develop and deploy applications at a fast pace. Here are five rapid application development tools that stand out from the crowd. 1. Zoho Creator Zoho Creator is one of the most popular rapid development tools on the market, and for good reason. It’s got a solid list of features to create business web tools and customize them any way you like. One of the biggest features is a drag-and-drop interface, allowing even layman business users to create apps  without having to know how to code. Inexperienced users use pre-built modules that have specific functionalities they want. There are also tools for collecting data, designing personal workflows, and setting up unique rules for each new application. All of this makes Zoho Creator one of the most popular rapid application development tools for web development on the market. 2. Kissflow One of the best rapid application development tools on the market,  Kissflow  is a complete business process management suite  designed to let you create your own processes and workflows, or customize pre-built templates according to your needs. Kissflow believes in keeping everything as simple and easy to use as possible. That’s reflected in the software, which is designed from the ground up to be easy to use for everyone. It’s got a single sign-on feature, allowing you to work from anywhere and using any device.It even has Android and iOS apps that you can access through your smartphone. Built-in advanced reporting and analytical tools give you all the information you need. This removes the need for additional reporting tools when you need metrics to calculate and measure performance. Another great Kissflow feature is the  ability to integrate with third-party tools  using Zapier. So, if you like using a particular tool, Kissflow will seamlessly integrate with it,  without  needing any additional coding.

In addition to this, it also allows seamless integration with third-party tools of your choosing. Appian is scalable according to your needs, whether you’re a company with 10 users or 10,000 users. Conclusion Rapid application development tools are a dime a dozen in the market, but the trick is to find something that works. Some tools aren’t tailored to your workflow, and some tools don’t offer particular features that you’d be looking for. And that’s where you have to do this the old-fashioned way, trying out one product at a time until you find something that clicks. Kissflow  is a great place to start your search. You’re getting a rapid application development tool that can be customized to your particular workflows, and you can create and customize apps according to your specific needs. Disclaimer: All registered trademarks, company names and brand names used on this website are the property of their respective owners. Task 13: int[,] array = new int[4, 2]; Task 14: Binary search   in   C#   Binary search works   on a sorted array. The value is compared with the middle element of the array. If equality is not found, then the half part is eliminated in which the value is not there. Binary search works on a sorted array. The value is compared with the middle element of the array. If equality is not found, then the half part is eliminated in which the value is not there. In the same way, the other half part is searched. Here is the mid element in our array. Let’s say we need to find 62, then the left part would be eliminated and the right part is then searched: Binary search .   Binary search   is an efficient algorithm for finding an item from a sorted list of items. It   works   by repeatedly dividing in half the portion of the list that   could   contain the item, until you've narrowed down the possible locations to just one. Worst-case space complexity. O(1) In computer science,   binary search , also known as half- interval   search , logarithmic   search , or   binary   chop, is a   search algorithm   that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.   Binary search   compares the target value to the middle element of the array.

Task 15: If you want to write multiple classes in separate source code files, you can compile them together as shown in this tutorial. 1. Write the "Util" class in a source code file called "Util.cs": // Util.cs // Copyright (c) 2015, HerongYang.com, All Rights Reserved. public class Util { public static void Swap(ref string x, ref string y) { string o = x; x = y; y = o; } } 2. Write the "SwapTest" class in a source code file called "SwapTest.cs": // SwapTest.cs // Copyright (c) 2015, HerongYang.com, All Rights Reserved. using System; public class SwapTest { public static void Main() { string a = "Herong"; string b = "Yang"; Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a, b); Util.Swap(ref a, ref b); Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a, b); } } 3. If you compile "SwapTest.cs" by itself, you will get an error: C:\herong>\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\csc SwapTest.cs SwapTest.cs(10,7): error CS0103: The name 'Util' does not exist in the current context 4. If you compile "SwapTest.cs" with "Util.cs" together, you will get the executable file generated correctly: C:\herong>\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\csc SwapTest.cs Util.cs 5. Run the executable file "SwapTest.exe", you will get the program output C:\herong>SwapTest.exe Herong Yang Yang Herong C# Program compilation steps are as follows.