Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022

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University of Kansas *

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102

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 1 Lab Activity (Data Analysis and Conclusions) Measuring Species Diversity Learning Objectives • Compare and contrast quadrat method, transect lines, and belt transect line methods for estimating number of species in an area. • Calculate biodiversity using the biodiversity index and explain the meaning of the result. Materials Needed for this Lab Calculator / Excel / Google Sheets Class Excel Sheet

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 2 YOU NEED TO COMBINE YOUR DATA WITH THE CLASS DATA FOR THIS PORTION OF THE LAB Navigate to the assignment in Canvas. Download the Excel file and open the class data sheet. Assignment – Exit Ticket Directions: 1. Complete Activities 1-5 2. Submit your completed assignment in Canvas; submitted assignment must be in PDF format. Activity 1 – Choose a Second Parking Lot 1. Choose another parking lot from the class data to compare to your parking lot. Choose a parking lot that is comparable to your parking lot; if you chose an apartment parking lot, chose another apartment parking lot. Remember Parking lot 1, is your parking lot from the Pre-Lab Activity. Parking Lot 1 Description and Location (copy from pre-lab): Parking lot description: Grocery Store Parking Lot Parking lot location (address): 550 Congressional Dr, Lawrence, Ks 66049 Parking Lot 2 Description and Location (choose from class Excel Sheet) Parking lot description: Grocery store parking lot (also Walmart) Parking lot location (address): 3300 Iowa St, Lawrence, KS 66046

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 3 2. Record the number of different types of vehicles for both Parking lot 1 and Parking lot 2 in Table 1. 3. Using the data in Table 1, calculate the Total Number of Vehicles counted in each parking lot. Record the number in Table 1. You will use this number to calculate the Biodiversity Index later in the Lab document. Table 1. Number of different types of vehicles in parking lot. Type of Vehicle Parking Lot 1 (from pre-lab) Parking Lot 2 (from class data) Sedan 21 40 Station Wagon 14 3 SUV/Crossover 33 29 Pickup Truck 18 10 Coupe 9 1 Convertible 4 0 Sports Car 3 1 Minivan 6 27 Hatchback 11 0 Van 2 0 Other 1 0 Total Number of Vehicles (N) 122 111

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Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 4 Activity 2 - Predictions Based on the description and location of both parking lots, predict which parking lot you expect to be more diverse and why. You may chose to use Google Maps to learn more about the second parking lot. Record your prediction in the results section. Prediction of which parking lot is most diverse: Since I have chosen two Walmart parking lots in the same city (Lawrence), it is reasonable to believe that the diversity of the vehicles in the parking lots will be similar to each other.

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 5 Activity 3 – Graphing Our Data - Evenness For each parking lot, create a bar graph showing the count of each species by vehicle type or evenness of each species. Make sure to label the axes, specify the units of measure, include a scale on the axes, and include a descriptive title. You should have two graphs. <Insert Graphs Here> 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Sedan Station Wagon SUV/Crossover Pickup Truck Coupe Convertible Sports Car Minivan Hatchback Van Other Type of Vehicle Types of Vehicles in Parking Lot 1 Number of Vehicles

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 6 Activity 4 – Calculating Biodiversity Index 1. A . Calculate the biodiversity index (BI) for each study area. Use the formula given below. Refer to the example in the Pre-Lab activity and the lecture video if needed. Where: N sp = Number of different vehicle makes (do not include the types with a count of zero) N = the total number of all vehicles counted Parking Lot Area 1 : 0.09 Parking Lot Area 2 : 0.063 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sedan Station Wagon SUV/Crossover Pickup Truck Coupe Convertible Sports Car Minivan Hatchback Van Other Type of Vehicle Types of Vehicles in Parking Lot 2 Number of Vehicles

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Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 7 Activity 5 – Results and Conclusions 1. To identify the parking lot that was most diverse, we want to compare the Biodiversity Index, the Richness and Evenness of each parking lot. a. Richness is the total number of species in an ecosystem. Based on the your data in Table 1, what is the richness (number of different types of vehicles) of Lot 1 and Lot 2 ? (Do not count vehicly types that have a count of 0). There are 11 different species in parking lot 1, and only 7 in parking lot 2 b. Evenness is a measurement to compare the abundance of each species in the ecosystem. Ecosystems in which each species is more evenly represented are considered more diverse than ecosystems which a few species are very common and other species are very rare. Describe the evenness (distribution of vehicles in parking lot) of Lot 1 and Lot 2. Lot 1 was more even amongst the types of vehicles thatg there were less of (not trucks, SUV ’ s, or sedans), but lot 2 was more even amongst these more abundant vehicles. c. Compare the Biodiversity Index for each parking lot. Which parking lot biodiversity index is greater and what does this mean? The biodiversity index for parking lot 1 is greater than that of parking lot 2, (0.09 vs. 0.063). This means that in parking lot 2, there were not as many different types of vehicles as there was in parking lot 1. d. Make a claim using richness, evenness and biodiversity index about which parking lot has the greatest diversity. Include data values in your response. Parking lot 1 has a greater diversity than parking lot 2. It had more richness than lot 2, having all 11 different types of vehicles were recorded in lot 1, while there were

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 8 only 7 different types of vehicles in lot 2. Lot one also had a higher biodiversity index, being 0.09, than that of lot 2, at 0.063. Over the total number of vehicles, lot 1 was also more even amongst the less popular types of vehicles that were present. 2. Does this match your predictions? In my prediction, I said that both parking lots should be very close, being that they are both Walmart parking lots in Lawrence. However, my prediction was incorrect, with lot 1 being much more diverse overall compared to lot 2. 3. Identify the single most abundant species in each parking lot. Why might this species be the most abundant? Parking lot 1: SUV/Crossover - 33 total Parking lot 2: Sedan – 40 total This could be explained based on the different areas of the city that the walmarts are in. Parking lot 2 is closer to campus, which could explain why there are less SUV ’ s when compared to parking lot 1, since the average age of people in the area near parking lot 1 may be older because of the distance from campus. 4. Identify the species in each parking lot that were not counted. Why might this species be more evasive or harder to find? In parking lot 2, there were no convertibles, hatchbacks, vans, or other. The no convertible and no other could be explained by the weather, since it is rather cold outside at the moment. I have a harder time explaining the lack of vans and hatchbacks, since I see them quite often. 5. In this lab, you developed your own sampling plan. After collecting your data and completing the data analysis, list one improvement that you would make to your sampling plan if you were to repeat this experiment? (excluding changing parking lots). One improvement I would have made to my sampling plan is to chose a better day to record the vehicles. When I went out to the parking lot it was about 25 degrees, which was not

Lab Activity Measuring Species Diversity Spring 2022-1 9 only unenjoyable for me while walking around, but I feel as though it also potentially reduced the diversity of the vehicles recorded. When it is that cold outside, there are typically less things like convertibles, sports cars, and motorcycles on the road, and more trucks and SUVs.

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