Blockchain 1_ Assignment 9

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Lamar University *

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5350

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Computer Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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MISY 5350 ERP E-Commerce Blockchain Assignment 1 After reviewing the slides and watching the videos on Blockchain in this week’s module, answer the following questions in a Word document: 1. How large is the set of inputs to a hash function? (3 pts) Answer: The size of the input set in a hash function depends on the specific hash function being used. Different hash functions have different limits on the size of the input they can handle. In the context of blockchain, commonly used cryptographic hash functions include SHA-256 and SHA-3. For example: SHA-256: This hash function can handle inputs up to 2^64 bits, which is an extremely large number, roughly equivalent to 18 quintillion exabytes. SHA-3: SHA-3 comes in various variants with different input limits, typically ranging from 256 to 1024 bits. It's essential to check the specifications of the particular hash function in use to determine its input size limits. Keep in mind that while these limits are large, practical considerations such as block size limitations in a blockchain network may further constrain the effective size of inputs that can be processed within a given context. 2. How large is the set of outputs from a hash function? (3 pts) Answer : The set of outputs from a hash function has a predetermined size, and it relies on the particular hash function being used. In common cryptographic hash functions such as SHA-256 or SHA-3, the output size is fixed.

For example: SHA-256: This hash function consistently generates an output of 256 bits, no matter the size or complexity of the input. The resulting hash is represented by a 64-character hexadecimal number. SHA-3: The output size varies depending on the specific variant chosen within the SHA-3 family, ranging from 224 to 512 bits. 3. Is it easy to find two different inputs that can yield the same hash? (3 pts) Answer: Finding two different inputs that produce the same hash is considered practically impossible or infeasible . 4. Go to https://andersbrownworth.com/blockchain/hash to enter the data: Alice sends Bob a token What are the last three characters of the hash? (3 pts) Answer: 568 5. Go to the Block tab to enter the same data: Alice sends Bob a token After clicking the “Mine” button , what is the last three characters of the hash? (3 pts) Answer: d75 6. When generating the last hash (using the Block tab), what information was added besides “ Alice sends Bob a token ” (when compared to the first hash)? What is the purpose of that? (5 pts) Answer : The blockchain added Block #1 with Nonce 29675, and the Hash began with 0000. Nonces act as a variation introduced by the blockchain for each block. They serve the sole purpose of modifying the hash output (signature) of a block without changing the transaction data. Nonces are necessary because each block's signature must start with a specific number of leading zeroes. The Block # indicates the position of that block, and the "Mine" button initiates the process of searching for nonces through a brute-force method, also known as proof of work. Submit your Word Document with your answers before the due date.

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