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Kayla Kelley CIS 236 Deliverable 7 2/28/2023
1. Apple, Inc. is an American technology company with headquarters in Cupertino, California. Apple designs, manufactures, and markets smartphones, personal computers, tablets, wearables, and accessories, and sell a variety of related accessories. They also offer payment, digital content, cloud, and advertising services. The best leadership style for this type of company is a democratic style. In a democratic leadership style, leaders encourage others to help with ideas and get opinions from others to come to decisions. This works best for a company such as Apple because the technology world is changing and evolving, with new products and ideas being introduced every day. So, in this style, all participating members can give input. 2. Apple uses a functional and hierarchical organizational structure. Meaning, people work on what they are the most familiar with. They are also split into divisions, with each division having their own upper management and vice presidents. Change, both planned and unplanned, have a chain of command it must go through in order to be a set in stone change. The decision making is ultimately up to the person in charge of that particular division. Stakeholders affected by decision making for Apple include Apple employees, customers, potential customers, and those invested financially.
3. Currently, Apple, Inc. has eight data centers in the United States, Denmark, and China, with two more under development in the United States and Europe. In these data centers, there are hundreds of thousands of servers. Additionally, each location has back up generators or use in the case of power outages. Apple Inc. also uses cloud services from Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud to support their own on demand cloud service needs. Employees typically use macbooks, with additional monitors if needed. The parallel operations implementation model would be best for software changes with Apple. Although it is expensive, it is the safest. Given how many customers use Apple, it would be more beneficial for the business to keep the customers happy without disruptions to their service. Apple is a big company that makes a lot of money, so the price should not be a determining factor. In case of disasters, all information is backed up into the different cloud services used by Apple. The information should be stored as it is created, so there should not be a loss of information. The backup generators should prevent all power from being lost, but if it is lost, all information should be able to be recovered from cloud services when power is restored. 4. Based upon Apple Inc. business objectives and goals, they have the correct IT architecture. Their employees use Apple products with the latest software. All information is backed up into cloud storage, so it is easily accessible. They use a variety of data security programs. Implementing change should be done using the parallel operations model. This is where a new is being introduced while the old is still working. This will help employees ease into the new system, as well as show the developers any
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bugs that need to be work out before full implementation. This method is more expensive, but it will affect the entire company less at one time. 5. Apple, Inc. uses an operations management system (OM) that uses the ten decisions of OM to keep the business running. The ten decisions are related to product design, quality management, process and capacity design, location strategy, inventory management, and other operational areas. The success and efficiency of this Operations Management System gives Apple, Inc. competitive advantage and capabilities that lead them to meeting business objectives, which ultimately leads to achieving goals set forth in their mission and vision statements. Apple, Inc. uses the Agile/Scrum software lifecycle development methodology. In this methodology, the developers work on the big part of the software and complete it, put it out, and gather feedback. Then they take the feedback and begin to work on the other minor details of the software. This method is best for Apple because they are such a big company with so many users. By giving users an opportunity to give feedback and then that feedback be taken into consideration, it makes people feel heard, as well as gives the people what they want from their products. 6. For Change Management, the ADKAR change management model will work the best. Apple employees a lot of people all over the world, so communication that keeps everyone on the same page is vital. This change management model is made of five goals-awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement. Make everyone aware of the need for change, make them want the change, teach them what they need to know about how the change will affect their job and what they should do, give them the training
they need to acquire the necessary skills to do the job after the change, and then continue to work with them and ensure things continue to be done the new way. This model is very involved, but it keeps employees in the know about things, which they will respect, and it keeps them involved and ensures they know what is expected of them.
References https://www.organimi.com/organizational-structures/apple/ https://research-methodology.net/apple-organizational-structure-a-hierarchical-structure- that-may-change-in-near-future/ https://dgtlinfra.com/apple-data-center-locations/#:~:text=At%20the%20same%20time %2C%20Apple,to%20meet%20its%20demanding%20requirements . https://workforce.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Information_Technology/Information_Syste ms/Information_Systems_for_Business/02%3A_Information_Systems_for_Strategic_Ad vantage/10%3A_Information_Systems_Development/10.04%3A_Implementation_Metho dologies https://www.zendesk.com/blog/change-management-models/ https://panmore.com/apple-inc-operations-management-10-decisions-areas-productivity
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