Chapter 2 Assignment-1

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name: Nouman Mohammed Date: 2/4/2024 Course and Section: COSC 2325.902 Chapter 2 Assignment (10 points each question) 1. In 32-bit mode, aside from the stack pointer (ESP), what other register points to variables on the stack? Apart from the Stack Pointer (ESP), the EBP (Extended Base pointer) register is also commonly used for pointing variables on the stack. 2. Name at least four CPU status flags.  Zero Flag  Carry Flag  Overflow Flag  Sign Flag 3. Which flag is set when the result of an unsigned arithmetic operation is too large to fit into the destination? Overflow Flag is the destination's capacity is exceeded by the result of an unsigned arithmetic operation, setting the Overflow Flag (OF), indicating that the result is too big to fit. 4. Which flag is set when the result of a signed arithmetic operation is either too large or too small to fit into the destination? When the outcome of a signed arithmetic operation is too big (positive) or too small (negative) to fit into the destination, the Overflow Flag (OF) is set. It is an important indicator of signed overflow. 5. Which flag is set when an arithmetic or logical operation generates a negative result? The Sign Flag (SF) is set when an arithmetic or logical operation generates a negative result. This flag is based on the most significant bit of the result, where 1 indicates a negative result. 6. Which part of the CPU performs floating-point arithmetic? Real-number-based floating-point arithmetic is usually handled by a distinct device known as the Floating-Point Unit (FPU). One typical example of x86 architecture is the x87 FPU. It excels at performing highly precise floating-point operations. 7. On a 32-bit processor, how many bits are contained in each floating-point data register? A distinct device known as the Floating-Point Unit (FPU) is usually used to carry out floating-point arithmetic, which works with real numbers. For x86

Name: Nouman Mohammed Date: 2/4/2024 Course and Section: COSC 2325.902 architecture, the x87 FPU is a typical illustration. It is particularly adept at performing highly precise floating-point operations. 8. At which level(s) can an assembly language program manipulate input/output? It can manipulate for application program, OS, BIOS, hardware 9. Why do game programs often send their sound output directly to the sound card’s hardware ports? Programs for video games frequently attempt to utilize the newest capabilities found in specialized sound cards. Note that game applications for MS-DOS were more likely to do this. 10. Write a short paragraph of what you learned in this chapter that interests you for further research. Explain your selection and elaborate on your answer. Your paragraph should be at least 100 words. The foundation is the IA-32 Processor Architecture, which describes the operations and instruction sets. The relationship between the processor and memory is examined in IA-32 Memory Management. Advanced processing capabilities are explored by 64-Bit Processors. Finally, the essential components forming a whole computing system are covered in Components of an IA-32 Microcomputer. All of these subjects combined offer a thorough grasp of the inner workings and essential elements of the field of computer architecture.

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