CSC 340 Module 4 Case

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1 High Speed Wide-Area Networks Dwayne Barron Trident University International CSC 340 Networking and Data Communications Professor Michael Pry November 5, 2023

2 High Speed Wide-Area Networks ISDN vs IDN, and the Assessment of ISDN The IDN (Integrated Digital Network) serves as the foundation for the ISDN (integrated service digital network). IDN is rudimentary and employs both digital and analog loops. ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network structure. It transfers data, speech, and signals using a digital loop instead of analog. ISDN communication technologies typically offer superior speeds and improved quality compared to conventional connections (DiNari, 2023). The ISDN system is an enhancement to traditional communication systems. The existence of digital technology is a consequence of people's desire to replace antiquated landline phone technology with more contemporary methods. However, it is normal for these two technologies to be utilized together. The ISDN is accessed over a POTS (plain old telephone service) line, which pertains to a telephone service that uses a copper line. Broadband ISDN B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Service Digital Network) is an enhanced iteration of ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network), which itself is an improvement upon the original IDN. It enables consumers to access a broader range of services by allowing them to use numerous services simultaneously using a single connection. B-ISDN offers various services, including voice communications and messaging alternatives like voicemail and email (Gilchrist, 2020). Ultimately, they granted customers the ability to utilize retrieval services, which facilitated online data retrieval via the Internet. X.25 Protocol The OSI model consists of a hierarchical arrangement of seven levels, which are the Network Layer, application Layer, Session Layer, Data Link Layer, Presentation Layer,

3 Transport Layer, and Physical Layer. The X.25 protocol consists of the physical layer, the data connection layer, and the packet layer, all of which predate the OSI model (Mitchell, 2020). The packet layer and the network layer have the same protocol because they existed before the OSI model was developed. Advantages and Disadvantages of ATM over X.25 A benefit of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) over X.25 is its ability to achieve higher bandwidth efficiency by utilizing fixed cell sizes within the network. ATM enhances the quality of network services with high traffic volume, as stated by Mitchell (2020). However, there is a compromise associated with this efficiency level, and that is the expense. X.25, as a conventional approach, is comparatively accessible, whereas transitioning to ATM's fiber network can be pretty expensive, particularly in areas with limited demand. ATM Protocol Architecture Similar to other protocol architectures, ATM architecture is organized into numerous layers. The physical layer is at the bottom, with the higher-layer protocols on top. In the middle are the ATM adaptation layer and the ATM layer. Each layer in this system can be divided into several segments that govern various activities. For instance, the ATM adaption layer manages the division of fixed cells, while the ATM layer handles aspects like bit rate and connectionless packet data (Prepbytes, 2023). Examples of ATM networks 1. Telecommunications Networks: ATM was initially developed for telecommunications networks, including long-distance and local networks. Telecom companies use ATMs to transmit voice, video, and data traffic over a single network, providing high-speed and

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4 quality services. ATM allowed for the efficient and predictable handling of different types of traffic, making it suitable for carrying a variety of services. 2. Wide Area Networks (WANs) - ATM networks were also used in wide area networks, such as those connecting multiple branch offices of a corporation. ATM's ability to provide Quality of Service (QoS) and its high bandwidth capacity made it a viable choice for connecting geographically dispersed locations, ensuring reliable and predictable data transmission.

5 References DiNardi, G. (2023, January 17). What is ISDN? Advantages, Types, and Who Uses it . Nextiva Blog. https://www.nextiva.com/blog/what-is-isdn.html# Gilchrist, A. (2020, January 19). What is Broadband ISDN? | Full Definition. Admin . https://www.virtualhostedpbx.net/what-is-broadband-isdn/ Mitchell, B. (2020, April 5). A guide to X.25 in computer networking . Lifewire. https://www.lifewire.com/x-25-816286 Prepbytes. (2023, June 23). Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) . PrepBytes Blog. https://www.prepbytes.com/blog/computer-network/asynchronous-transfer-mode-atm/

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