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Kenyatta University *

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Computer Science

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Nov 24, 2024

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Here are answers to some technical questions related to computer technologies: 1. What is the difference between hardware and software in a computer system? Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and peripherals like keyboards and monitors. Software, on the other hand, is the collection of programs and instructions that run on the hardware to perform specific tasks or functions. 2. What is the role of an operating system in a computer? An operating system (OS) is responsible for managing the hardware resources of a computer, providing a user interface, and facilitating the execution of software applications. It controls tasks like memory management, file system operations, process scheduling, and device communication, making it a crucial component for the proper functioning of a computer. 3. What is the difference between RAM and ROM in a computer? RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory that stores data and program code temporarily while the computer is running. It allows for fast read and write operations but loses its data when the computer is powered off. In contrast, ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and stores firmware and software that are permanently written during manufacturing. It retains data even when the computer is turned off. 4. Can you explain the concept of virtualization in computing? Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple virtual instances of an operating system or application to run on a single physical computer. It enables better resource utilization, increased flexibility, and easier management of computing resources. Virtualization is widely used in server environments, cloud computing, and for running multiple operating systems on a single computer (e.g., using virtual machines). 5. What is a CPU cache, and why is it important? A CPU cache is a small, high-speed memory storage located on the CPU chip. It stores frequently accessed data and instructions to reduce the time it takes to fetch them from slower main memory (RAM). Caches help improve a computer's overall performance by reducing latency in data retrieval. 6. What is the role of an IP address in computer networking? An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numeric identifier assigned to each device in a computer network. It allows devices to communicate and route data packets to their intended destinations on the internet. IP addresses are essential for both local area networks (LANs) and the global internet, enabling data transmission between computers and devices. 7. What are the differences between HTTP and HTTPS? HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a standard protocol used for transmitting data over the internet. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data exchanged between a user's browser and a web server. It adds a layer of security, making it more difficult for malicious actors to intercept and manipulate data.
8. How does cloud computing work, and what are its advantages? Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access and use computing resources, such as servers, storage, databases, and applications, over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. It provides scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and reduced maintenance overhead. Cloud services are typically categorized into Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). 9. What is the concept of Moore's Law in computer hardware? Moore's Law, named after Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, leading to increased computing power and reduced cost per transistor. While it has driven rapid advancements in computer technology, it is now approaching physical limits and is a subject of ongoing debate in the industry. 10. How does encryption work to secure data? Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into a secure and unreadable form (ciphertext) using encryption algorithms and keys. To decrypt the data, the recipient needs the appropriate decryption key. Encryption is vital for data security in transit and at rest, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information. These are just a few technical questions related to computer technologies. The field of computer technology is vast and constantly evolving, with new concepts and innovations emerging regularly.
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