IDS 402 1-2 Lens Exploration _Gina Taylor

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1 1-2 Activity: Lens Exploration Gina Taylor IDS 402: Wellness Instructor: Kyle Shore 05/16/2024

2 Existing Knowledge I went through the process of receiving an official clinical diagnosis when I was 26 years old, even though I was first diagnosed with autism when I was three years old. I was diagnosed with severe depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by my physician. From the time I got married for the second time and until the birth of my daughter, I was very careful to adhere to the medication schedule that the clinic had given for me. Following the prioritization of the requirements of my family, I ignore my own mental health. By the time my daughter was a junior in high school, my mental health had taken a turn for the worse; I had gone from feeling happy to being depressed to being outraged over a single day, and I was unable to put my attention on anything. During that period, I was 46 years old. Additionally, during that time, my daughter was diagnosed with depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and social anxiety. This is something that I believe is of a hereditary nature. It has been suggested to both my daughter and I that we go back to a separate clinic to have our mental health evaluated, to be prescribed the necessary drugs, and to schedule therapy visits to improve our coping strategies. History Lens Before US hospitals, family members cared for the mentally ill. Exceptionally, family members who could not care for their loved ones might be sent to prisons or charity centers. Pennsylvania had America's first large hospital in 1753. From there, the New York Hospital was founded in 1791. Both hospitals were the first in the Americas to treat mental disease. "The Court of Directors of the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered mind" was the first mental

3 health hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, founded in 1773. Dr. John Minson Galt was Williamsburg's Eastern Lunatic Asylum Medical Administrator. It is helpful to highlight the imprecise limits and multifaceted nature of the concept of mental health by looking at it from a historical position. A significant portion of what we mean when we speak about "mental health" today really has its origins in the development of areas such as clinical psychiatry and public health. (Truong & Maguire, 2020) Modern mental health began with American researcher Clifford Beers. His autobiography, A Mind That Found Its Way 4 (1908), discusses his three mental institutions. Connecticut established a Mental Hygiene Society the year the book was published, proving its importance. The National Commission of Mental Hygiene rapidly adopted "mental hygiene" in 1909 after Adolf Meyer 5 offered it to Beers. From 1919 to 1924, the Commission established mental health hospitals in France, South Africa, Italy, and Hungary as part of its globalization efforts. These national groups replaced the International Committee on Mental Hygiene with the World Federation of Mental Health. Beer’s mental health work influenced the mental hygiene movement. Beers states the National Committee's initial goal in 1909 was to "humanize the care of the insane" and avoid "misconduct, atrocities and negligence" of the mentally ill. In later program expansion, the Committee concentrated on prevention and "milder forms of mental disability". This change was made because "mental disorders frequently have their beginnings in childhood and youth and that preventive measures are most effective in early life" because lifestyle and environment impact mental illness. The US National Committee for Mental Hygiene sought to: a) promote early diagnosis and

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4 treatment; b) provide sufficient hospitalization; c) promote research; d) raise public awareness and support for psychiatric and mental hygiene initiatives; e) teach individuals and groups how to apply mental hygiene principles to their lives; and f) collaborate with public and private This was noted in 1937.The mental hygiene movement was para-psychiatric, aiming to enhance psychiatric treatment. Its only distinction from psychiatry, which maximized the ideas and practices of the finest American psychiatrists, most of whom were psychoanalytic, was preventative. The mental health era "envisioned, not a single patient, but a whole community; and it considered each member of that community as an individual whose mental and emotional status was determined by definite causative factors and whose compelling need was for prevention rather than cure," said its founders. The Mental Hygiene Movement is linked to psychiatry and public health. A whole community responds to a need. Additionally, "Psychiatrists and mental hygienists realize more than ever that their aims are the same and that each group needs the other. (Truong & Maguire, 2020) Humanities Lens There is a distinct perspective used in the field of humanities when it comes to thinking about mental health in relation to physical health. Leisure time spent on art may improve mental health. Art therapy is founded on the premise that creativity may improve one's psychological well-being. There are a lot of people who believe that the digital world is a stressful and chaotic place to live. The mental health and wellbeing of people are often represented as being negatively impacted by technological advancements. On the other hand, research carried out at York University

5 demonstrates the vast range of beneficial ways in which digital media may improve psychological well-being. The concept of participatory cinema brings to light the ability of motion pictures to reach out to groups who are not adequately serviced and to provide empathy, sympathy, and a sense of belonging to such communities. (University of York, n.d.) Social connections, self-expression, and group music-making may improve major depressive disorder patients' self-esteem, anxiety, and overall quality of life. Health and pleasure are enhanced when people participate in choral singing. Technical frameworks for the Virtual Choir, the School of Physics and Engineering, and Audio Lab were outlined by Helena Daffern. The importance of co-design was emphasized by Helena, who is collaborating with Care Reality and Alzheimer Scotland to create virtual representations of care home experiences. The School of Arts and Creative Technologies at Cristobal Catalan suggests that playing may have a positive effect on mental health. His doctoral dissertation will focus on the creation of an exploratory video game with therapeutic potential. To improve player spirit, the game purposefully employs participatory narrative. To develop prototypes for casual games that keep players engaged, Cristobal intends to establish a framework in collaboration with mental health experts and the target consumers. The Community-based Behavioral Activation Training (Combat) program is another example of a digitally enabled initiative in the field of adolescent mental health. The purpose of this research is to design, implement, and assess Behavioral Activation (BA), a short-term intervention for children with moderate to severe depression.

6 Promoting the usage of coping mechanisms learned by depressed children upon completion of treatment is a challenge for Combat. This task has been assumed by Combat Digital. School of Arts & Creative Technologies' Marian Ursu reported on the team's progress on an app that would help patients take ownership of their treatment, stop blaming their therapists, and keep themselves motivated to complete their exercise routines. To alleviate melancholy, try using paraphrases and analogies. Angelos Sophocleous’s doctoral dissertation in philosophy is where the spectator metaphor first emerged. Interpersonal problems stemming from depression's metaphorical incapacity to communicate are the subject of the metaphor. (University of York, n.d.) Natural and Applied Sciences Lens Numerous factors contribute to the fact that the scientific community is an essential component of mental health. The development of medications that treat symptoms is one of the consequences of mental health issues. A considerable number of people will be able to reap the benefits of these treatments, which represent a tremendous advancement. Secondly, owing to the chemical foundation of many mental disorders, there is an intrinsic relationship between mental health and brain function. This connection also exists to a certain extent. Apparently, there are certain regions of the brain that are not working properly. Now, because of scientific research, we can investigate a wide variety of brain regions. The significance of mental health in maintaining both our physical and mental well-being may be better understood by gaining an understanding of the structure and function of the brain, as well as the causes and progression of mental illness.

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7 Most researchers believe that neurotransmission abnormalities underlie mental illness. Depressed people have lower serotonin levels. After this finding, disease-specific therapies were developed. SSRIs reduce presynaptic neuron serotonin resorption to treat depression. This increases synaptic serotonin availability for postsynaptic neuron receptor attachment. Serotonin and other neurotransmitters may fluctuate in depression, complicating its process. Scientists say schizophrenia may affect dopamine, glutamate, and norepinephrine. Cocaine users can develop schizophrenia-like symptoms, suggesting dopamine is involved. Cocaine boosts dopamine levels in neuron synapses when delivered to the brain. Scientists have identified mental disorder risk factors but not causes. This blend includes genetic, environmental, and social factors. All these factors may increase the risk of mental illness. Environmental factors including head traumas, poor nutrition, and lead and cigarette smoke may increase the chance of mental illness. A person's genetics also affect their risk of mental illness. ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism are more likely to be genetic. ADHD is linked to having an ADHD parent or sibling, indicating a genetic component. Twin study shows that identical twins are far more likely to develop ADHD than fraternal ones. Depression and schizophrenia are comparable. Experts say mental illnesses are caused by gene interactions, not mutations. Hereditary, environmental, and societal factors may also affect mental illness severity. (National Institutes of Health (US), 2007)

8 Social Science Lens "Social connectedness" may mean different things to different people, but in general it encompasses a variety of factors like having social support, having strong social networks, and not feeling lonely or alone. What is sometimes called "social connectedness" includes not being alone, having strong social networks, and having others to lean on in times of need. Numerous studies in public health and epidemiology have shown that increased social connectedness not only lowers overall mortality rates but also improves and protects physical and mental health Even while scholars in fields like sociology, epidemiology, and psychology have known about these findings for decades, it is only very recently that they have begun to be understood by a broader audience. The use of a Mendelian randomization approach has confirmed the protective effects of trustworthy social bonds on depression The most reliable indicator of depression in a recent study including 100,000 participants from the UK Biobank was the frequency of confiding in others and connections with family and friends. Over a hundred modifiable risk factors were the primary focus of the investigation. This provides further evidence that social connectedness may either mitigate the effects of mental illness or influence its onset. Or maybe none of those things are true. The Epic Social Determinants of Health wheel now includes a social link domain in electronic health records utilized by several big health institutions. (Wickramaratne et al., 2022)

9 References National Institutes of Health (US). (2007). Information about Mental Illness and the Brain . NIH Curriculum Supplement Series - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20369/#:~:text=Although%20scientists%20at %20this%20time,whether%20someone%20becomes%20mentally%20ill. Truong, A. H., & Maguire, G. E. (2020). A history of psychiatry in the United States of America. Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry/Táiwān Jīngshén Yīxué , 34 (2), 59. https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_12_20 University of York. (n.d.). Arts and humanities mental health research showcase . https://www.york.ac.uk/institute-of-mental-health-research/ourtempleevents/ eventreportmhandartsandhumanities/#:~:text=When%20we%20consider%20mental %20health,fast%20paced%2021st%20century%20presents. Wickramaratne, PJ. D., Yangchen, T., Lepow, L., Patra, B., Glicksburg, B., Talati, A., Adekkanattu, P., Weissman, M. M., Olfson, M., Pathak, J., Ryu, E., Biernacka, J. M., Charney, A., & Mann, W. (2022). Social Connectedness as a Determinant of Mental health: A scoping review. Social Connectedness as a Determinant of Mental Health: A Scoping Review , 17(10): e0275004 (PMC9560615). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560615/

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