Motor Behaviour Lab Assignment 1 - Reaction Time and Error

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University of Toronto *

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Reaction Time and Information Processing Efficiency Lab Results Record your mean RT values in the table below and then determine the durations of the information processing stages of perception and response selection. (3 marks) Table 1: Mean RTs For Each Condition Condition Mean RT (ms) Simple RT 342.3 Choice RT 429.4 Go/no-go RT 420.7 Table 2: Data Processing For Perception and Response Selection Duration Information Processing Stage Calculation Duration (ms) Perception = (Go/no-go RT – Simple RT) = (420.7 ms - 342.3 ms) 78.4 ms Response Selection = (Choice RT – Go/no-go RT) = (429.4 ms - 420.7 ms) 8.7 ms Questions 1) Name the 3 main stages of information processing. Briefly discuss (1-2 sentences) what occurs during each of these stages. (3 marks) The three main stages of information processing are: stimulus identification (sensation and perception), response selection (decision making), and response programming (action planning). 2) Outline the logic of the method used here to determine the duration (efficiency) of a processing stage. (2 marks) The methodology isolated the duration of each processing stage by creating a set of conditions that omit certain stages of information processing. The Simple RT attempted to omit the response selection stage by only providing a single possible response. One can then determine the duration of a specific processing stage by subtracting the condition with fewer stages from a condition with the same stages, plus an additional stage. This difference is the additional time

that the additional stage added to the reaction process, thus determining the duration of a specific processing stage. 3) What is the difference between sensation and perception? How are these two processes distinguished between the Go/no-go RT and Simple RT tasks? What is the duration of perception in your task performance? (3 marks) The difference is that sensation involves sensing the existence of stimuli, while perception involves the determination of what a stimulus is. This is reflected in the two RT tasks, where the Simple RT task involves the sensing of the stimuli (i.e. the presence of a colored circle), and the Go/no-go RT task requires the perception of the color of the circles. The duration of perception in my task performance was 78.4 ms. 4) How are response selection processes distinguished between the Go/no-go RT and Choice RT tasks? What is the duration of response selection in your task performance? (2 marks) In the Go/no-go RT task, response selection is minimized because there is only one possible reaction. After the perception stage of distinguishing between red and green, there is only one possible action to be made if the circle is green. On the other hand, in the Choice RT task, after the perception stage, there were two possible choices to be made of either pressing M or Z. The duration of response selection in my task performance was 8.7 ms. 5) Why is it important that an “unanticipated” stimulus is used in these tasks? (1 mark) An anticipated stimulus would add additional processes prior to the stages of sensation and perception. Furthermore, it would provide additional time to complete the stages of response selection and response programming before the stimulus is even given. An example of an anticipated stimulus could be the counting down of a F1 race, where all response selection and response programming is complete and the driver knows to go when the light turns green. Thus, an anticipated stimulus would be unable to provide data regarding the information processing stages of response. 6) Why is response selection not involved in the Simple RT task? (1 mark) There was only one possible response to the visual stimulus, therefore response selection was not involved in completing the Simple RT task.

Table 1: “Full Vision” Condition (Visible Square) Trial Target X-Position Target Y-Position Performance X-Position Performance Y-Position Constant Error in X-position Absolute Error in X-position Difference in Y-position Difference 2 1 338 300 387 304 -1 1 4 16 2 446 300 448 304 2 2 4 16 3 740 300 737 304 -3 3 4 16 4 420 300 417 301 -3 3 1 1 5 78 300 76 304 -2 2 4 16 6 549 300 550 299 1 1 1 1 7 232 300 235 297 3 3 3 9 8 701 300 698 301 -3 3 1 1 Mean 438 300 443.5 301.75 -0.8 2.2 2.8 Sum 76 Sum/n 9.5 Sqrt 3.1 Table 2: “No Target” Condition (Disappearing Square) Trial Target X-Position Target Y-Position Performance X-Position Performance Y-Position Constant Error in X-position Absolute Error in X-position Difference in Y-position Difference 2 1 638 300 641 293 3 3 7 49 2 501 300 503 299 2 2 1 1 3 499 300 509 297 10 10 3 9 4 208 300 216 300 8 8 0 0 5 663 300 700 305 37 37 5 25 6 697 300 670 296 -27 27 4 16 7 235 300 260 292 25 25 8 64 8 203 300 226 292 23 23 8 64 Mean 455.5 300 465.6 296.8 10.12 16.9 4.5 Sum 228 Sum/n 28.5 Sqrt 5.3

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