E1_density_worksheet_SP2024

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University of Texas *

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2024

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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EXPERIMENT 1 – LAB REPORT Worksheet (80 pts) Student name: _________ ____________ TA name: __________ Day & time of the lab: _________ ___________ The lab report packet for this experiment should consist of the following in THIS ORDER: The lab report packet for this experiment should consist of the following: 1. (10 pts) IN-lab notebook pages 1.1. Experimental procedure 1.2. Observations that were noted 1.3. Data tables 2. (70 pts) The WORKSHEET 2.1. (60 pts) Complete (full sentence) answers to ALL the discussion questions (DQ) and Data Analysis Section. 2.2. (10 pts ) POST-lab notebook pages 2.2.1. All calculations performed present Please read the “Digital_Lab_Report_Submissions.pdf” Handout on canvas for instructions on how to complete and upload the worksheets for the course. Complete this worksheet and turn in your digital lab packet to Canvas. Feel free to adjust space in this document as needed. The tables provided here are only an example of these may look like, feel free to replace the entire tables and their captions with your own creations using Excel, etc All tables and figures (graphs) must be accompanied by captions which should be positioned above tables and below figures. TURN IN the digital copy to Canvas by the end of your section. All electronic material must be completed by the due date to avoid late penalties. 1 P. Sotelo SP2024
IN-LAB NOTEBOOK PAGES (10 pts) Name, date, title of experiment, detailed procedure, observations and data taken while in lab. Upload scans or images of your written in-lab notebook pages here. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS & POST-lab analysis of data - (70 pts) All discussion questions must be answered in complete sentences. Complete the tables 1,2, & 4 below. You may use Excel to perform all the calculations but do show the following “ sample calculations ” in your notebook in the POST-lab section (immediately following the IN-lab notes). You must ALWAYS show all the work and the calculation leading to the result in detail for full credit. (9 pts) DQ1. You used a beaker, a graduated cylinder and a volumetric pipette to transfer 5 mL of a liquid sample into a small beaker. What exact volume did you measure with each piece of glassware? (Hint: How many decimal places do your measurements have for each type of glassware? Was it 5.0 mL or 5.00 mL or else?) Is this information available on the glassware itself? Where and what did you notice? And finally, which one of the glassware used in this experiment give you a more accurate measurement? The exact volume measured with each of the glassware was relatively the same amounts but differing in decimal placements. For the beaker portion of the procedure, the measurement of 5 mL was used. For the graduated cylinder the measurement of 5.0 mL was used, and for the volumetric pipette the measurement of 5.00 mL was used. This information is available on the glassware, which is noted when observing the glassware prior to performing the experiment. There were markings on each glassware that was small, but noticeable, on the sides of glass. The glassware used in this experiment that gave a more accurate measurement was the volumetric pipette. 2 P. Sotelo SP2024
(6 pts) Table 1: A sample table summarizing all measurements leading to the density of water. (7 pts) DQ2. Based on your entries in Table 1, what is the average density of deionized water resulting from your measurements with: (a) a beaker (b) a graduated cylinder and (c) a volumetric pipette? 3 P. Sotelo SP2024 Water 30 mL beaker Empty beaker (g) Beaker + water (g) Mass of water (g) Densi ty (g/m L) Trial 1 20.944 g 24.694 g 3.750 g 0.8 g/mL Trial 2 20.945 g 25.453 g 4.508 g 0.9 g/mL Trial 3 20.947 g 25.207 g 4.260 g 0.9 g/mL Graduated Cylinder Empty beaker (g) Beaker + water (g) Mass of water (g) Densi ty (g/m L) Trial 1 20.944 g 25.746 g 4.802 g 0 .96 g/mL Trial 2 20.945 g 25.638 g 4.693 g 0.94 g/mL Trial 3 20.944 g 25.747 g 4.803 g 0.96 g/mL Volumetric Pipette Empty beaker (g) Beaker + water (g) Mass of water (g) Densi ty (g/m L) Trial 1 20.946 g 25.933 g 4.987 g 0.997 g/mL Trail 2 20.989 g 25.935 g 4.946 g 0.989 g/mL Trial 3 20.984 g 25.926 g 4.984 g 0.997 g/mL
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Based on the entries in Table 1 above, the average density of Deionized water (DI H2O) with a beaker was approximately 0.9 g/mL. The average density of deionized water with a graduated cylinder was approximately 0.96 g/mL, and the average density of deionized water with a volumetric pipette was approximately 0.997 g/mL. (6 pts) Table 2: A sample table summarizing measurements leading to the density of a solution. Saline solution 30 mL beaker Empty beaker (g) Beaker + saline (g) Mass of saline (g) Density (g/mL) Trial 1 20.945 g 25.727 g 4.782 g 1.0 g/mL Trial 2 20.945 g 26.359 g 5.414 g 1.0 g/mL Trial 3 20.944 g 25.900 g 5.056 g 1.0 g/mL Graduated Cylinder Empty beaker (g) Beaker + saline (g) Mass of saline (g) Density (g/mL) Trial 1 20.946 g 26.109 g 5.163 g 1.0 g/mL Trial 2 20.966 g 26.007 g 5.041 g 1.0 g/mL Trial 3 20.954 g 26.295 g 5.341 g 1.0 g/mL Volumetric Pipette Empty beaker (g) Beaker + saline (g) Mass of saline (g) Density (g/mL) Trial 1 20.947 g 26.535 g 5.588 g 1.12 g/mL Trail 2 20.978 g 26.608 g 5.630 g 1.13 g/mL Trial 3 20.944 g 26.579 g 5.635 g 1.13 g/mL (7 pts) DQ3. Based on your entries in Table 2, what is the average density of your saline solution resulting from your measurements with: (a) a beaker (b) a graduated cylinder and (c) 4 P. Sotelo SP2024
a volumetric pipette? Based on the entries in Table 2 above, the average density of the saline solution resulting from the measurement with a beaker was approximately 1.0 g/mL. The average densities of the saline solution resulting from the measurements with a graduated cylinder was approximately 1.0 g/mL and the measurements with a volumetric pipette was approximately 1.13 g/mL. (6 pts) Table 4: A sample table summarizing all measurements leading to the densities of unknown metals. Unknown Metal 1 mass of metal (g) initial volume (mL) final volume (mL) density (g/mL) Trial 1 26.093 g 4.0 mL 7.0 mL 8.7 g/mL Trial 2 26.095 g 4.0 mL 6.9 mL 9.0 g/mL Trial 3 26.093 g 4.0 mL 7.0 mL 8.7 g/mL Unknown Metal 2 mass of metal (g) initial volume (mL) final volume (mL) density (g/mL) Trial 1 20.055 g 4.0 mL 6.9 mL 6.9 g/mL Trial 2 20.054 g 4.0 mL 6.9 mL 6.9 g/mL Trial 3 20.055 g 4.0 mL 6.9 mL 6.9 g/mL (7 pts) DQ4. Calculate the average density and standard deviation for each metal cylinder. Report the results as: x s g/mL 5 P. Sotelo SP2024
Average density of unknown metal 1: x = ( 8.7 + 9.0 + 8.7 ) 3 = 8.8 g mL Standard Deviation of unknown metal 1: ∑( x i x ¿ 2 = (8.7-8.8 ¿ 2 + ¿ s = 0.06 ( 3 1 ) = 0.1732 0.2 Standard deviation of unknown metal 1 is 8.8 ± 0.2 g mL . Average density of unknown metal 2: x = ( 6..9 + 6.9 + 6.9 ) 3 = 6.9 g mL Standard deviation of unknown metal 2: ∑( x i x ¿ 2 = (6.9-6.9 ¿ 2 + ¿ 0 s = 0.0 ( 3 1 ) = 0.0 0.0 Standard deviation of unknown metal 2 is 6.9 ± 0.0 g mL (5 pts) DQ5. Identify each metal cylinder using the example metal density table in the lab manual. The unknown metal cylinder 1 was identified to be Copper, and the unknown metal cylinder 2 was identified to be Zinc. (7 pts) DQ6. Discuss in detail various observed or reasonably predictable/suspected experimental errors. (The term “human error” should not be listed.) What would you do differently to prevent errors, improve outcome, etc. if this experiment was to be repeated? Some reasonably predictable experimental errors observed prior to the lab were the attempt in getting a precise and accurate measurement of a solution being used in glassware to than transfer to another glassware for mass measurement, where there is bound to be a few droplets left in the transfer glassware. Another predictable experimental error is if the glassware and the equipment utilized in experiment is being used correctly, meaning used accurately with solutions in transferring and measuring. If this experiment were to be repeated, then actions that can be taken differently to prevent any errors are double checking the glassware for being dry after having a solution inside just to ensure glassware is completely dry and not a drop remains within. To 6 P. Sotelo SP2024
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improve the outcomes of the experiment, there could be a practice trial prior to the three trials used for the experiments, just to ensure that the equipment is used correctly and the person performing the experiment is aware of how it should look. (10 pts) POST-LAB NOTEBOOK PAGES For the post lab notebook pages, you must show a sample calculation of each unique calculation completed during the data analysis and discussion questions. You can either type the calculations or write them in your notebook and upload a scan/picture here. If you do write them, make sure it is legible. For the purposes of this worksheet each required sample calculation is listed below, but for future reports you will have to determine it yourself. (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 1: Calculate the mass of water obtained using a beaker for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (24.694 g – 20.944 g) = 3.750 g of water (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 2: Calculate the density of water for a beaker in trial 1. D= m V = 3.750 g 5 mL = 0.8 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 3: Calculate the mass of water obtained using a graduated cylinder for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (25.746 g – 20.944 g) = 4.802 g of water (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 4: Calculate the density of water for grad. cylinder in trial 1. D= m V = 4.802 g 5.0 mL = 0.96 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 5: Calculate the mass of water obtained using a volumetric pipette for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (25.933 g – 20.946 g) = 4.987 g of water (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 6: Calculate the density of water for the volumetric pipette in trial 1. D= m V = 4.987 g 5.00 mL = 0.997 g mL 7 P. Sotelo SP2024
(0.5 pts) Sample calculation 7: Calculate the average density of water for measurements with all three types of glassware. x = ( 0.8 + 0.9 + 0.9 ) + ( 0.96 + 0.94 + 0.96 ) +( 0.997 + 0.989 + 0.997 ) 9 = 0.938111111 = 1.0 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 8: Calculate the mass of saline obtained using a beaker for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (25.727 g – 20/945 g)= 4.782 g of saline (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 9: Calculate the density of saline for a beaker in trial 1. D= m V = 4.782 g 5 mL = 1.0 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 10: Calculate the mass of saline obtained using a graduated cylinder for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (26.109 g – 20.946 g)= 5.163 g of saline (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 11: Calculate the density of saline for grad. cylinder in trial 1. D= m V = 5.163 g 5.0 mL = 1.0 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 12: Calculate the mass of saline obtained using a volumetric pipette for trial 1 (weight difference). ( x f x i ¿ = (26.535 g – 20.947 g) = 5.588 g of saline (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 13: Calculate the density of saline for the volumetric pipette in trial 1. D= m V = 5.588 g 5.00 mL = 1.12 g mL (1 pt) Sample calculation 14: Calculate the average density of saline for measurements with all three types of glassware. x = ( 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 ) + ( 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 ) +( 1.12 + 1.13 + 1.13 ) 9 = 1.042222222 = 1.0 g mL 8 P. Sotelo SP2024
(0.5 pts) Sample calculation 15: Calculate volume of water displaced by a metal cylinder. ( x f x i ¿ = (7.0 - 4.0) = 3.0 mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 16: Calculate density of a metal cylinder D= m V = 26.093 g 3.0 mL = 8.7 g mL (0.5 pts) Sample calculation 17: Calculate average density of a metal cylinder x = ( 8.7 + 9.0 + 8.7 ) 3 = 8.8 g mL (1 pt) Sample calculation 18: Calculate the standard deviation of the density values for a metal cylinder. ∑( x i x ¿ 2 = (8.7-8.8 ¿ 2 + ¿ 0.06 s = 0.06 ( 3 1 ) = 0.173205081 0.2 Standard deviation of density values for metal cylinder 8.8 ± 0.2 g mL 9 P. Sotelo SP2024
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