Primary and Secondary Productivity Worksheet

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Jun 7, 2024

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Primary and Secondary Productivity Worksheet Part 1: Primary Productivity Tracking Energy Smart businesses do careful accounting of their daily profits and expenses. In a similar way, we can track the amount of energy moving through trophic levels of a biological system to determine its overall productivity. There are many energy “transactions” to keep track of and account for when trying to calculate productivity. Producers capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy, stored in macromolecules such as glucose, which have mass. To measure the energy in biological systems, the potential energy of these molecules must be measured indirectly as “biomass.” A consumer eats producers, and this biomass is either stored as chemical energy, used as kinetic energy for movement, converted to cellular energy to power cell processes and growth, or energy is lost as heat. According to the second law of thermodynamics, when light energy is converted to chemical energy in photosynthesis or transferred from a producer to its consumer, some energy will always be lost as heat during each transfer. Tracking Energy Reflection Questions 1. Describe one way you could keep track of energy use and transfer in a biological system. a. To keep track of energy use and transfer in a biological system, various methods can be employed. One common approach is through energy flow diagrams, which visually represent the flow of energy through different components of the system. These diagrams track the inputs, transformations, and outputs of energy within the system, helping to understand energy dynamics. 2. Identify the possible inputs and outputs of mass and energy between the sun and a producer. a. The sun provides radiant energy, primarily in the form of sunlight. Producers take in CO2 from the atmosphere. During photosynthesis, CO2 is used along with water and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Plants also absorb water from the soil through their roots. Water is essential for various metabolic processes and is a key component in photosynthesis. b. As a result of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere. This oxygen is crucial for respiration by organisms that consume plants or other oxygen-producing organisms. Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for the plant and is also utilized by other organisms in the ecosystem. Some of the solar energy absorbed by plants is converted into heat during metabolic processes. This heat is eventually released into the environment. 3. Draw a simple diagram showing the inputs and outputs you identified in question 2. Sun (Solar Energy)
| v Producer (e.g., Plant) --------------------- | | | v v v CO2 + Solar + H2O Energy | | | v v v O2 Glucose Heat (Stored Energy) | | v v Water Water Vapor For this part of the lab activity, go to "Part 1: Primary Production” tab in the lesson. Read lab scenario on the pansy garden investigation and use the data to calculate net primary productivity. Estimating Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Instructions 1. Calculate the mean wet mass (total mass) and mean dry mass (biomass) of your pansies at two weeks and four weeks using Table 1. a. Wet Mass: Mean Wet Mass=17.6+18.8+20.13=56.53 18.83 g Mean Wet Mass=317.6+18.8+20.1 =356.5 18.83 g Dry Mass: Mean Dry Mass=3.1+4+5.23=12.33=4.1 g
Mean Dry Mass=33.1+4+5.2 =312.3 =4.1 g Four Weeks: Wet Mass: Mean Wet Mass=36.1+37.5+393=112.63 37.53 g Mean Wet Mass=336.1+37.5+39 =3112.6 37.53 g Dry Mass: Mean Dry Mass=7.2+8+9.33=24.53 8.17 g Mean Dry Mass=37.2+8+9.3 =324.5 8.17 g 2. Determine the percentage of dry mass (biomass) in an average two-week and four-week old pansy. Remember the wet mass is the total mass including water and biomass. Subtract the biomass percentage from 100% to get the percent mass in a pansy that is only water. Two Weeks: Percentage of Dry Mass: Percentage of Dry Mass=(Mean Dry MassMean Wet Mass)×100=(4.118.83)×100 21.78% Percentage of Dry Mass=(Mean Wet MassMean Dry Mass )×100=(18.834.1 )×100 21.78% Percentage of Water Mass: Percentage of Water Mass=100% 21.78%=78.22% Percentage of Water Mass=100% 21.78%=78.22% Four Weeks: Percentage of Dry Mass: Percentage of Dry Mass=(Mean Dry MassMean Wet Mass)×100=(8.1737.53)×100 21.77% Percentage of Dry Mass=(Mean Wet MassMean Dry Mass )×100=(37.538.17 )×100 21.77% Percentage of Water Mass: Percentage of Water Mass=100% 21.77%=78.23% Percentage of Water Mass=100% 21.77%=78.23% 3. On average, how much energy was stored as biomass in a two-week old pansy and in a four-week old pansy? (Hint: Each gram of plant biomass represents about 4.35 kcal of energy.) Two Weeks:
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