BUS 601 HW1

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Colorado State University, Fort Collins *

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601

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Business

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Feb 20, 2024

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BUS601 – Prof. Jonathan Zhang HW1 (Individual Assignment) Covers module 1 and 2 1. List several ways you use statistics informally in everyday life?  Stock Market – whether one decides to invest in hedge funds or individual companies, the stats in the stock market are omnipresent; what the 52-week high and low were, the price, price per earnings ratio, etc.  Sports – it’s easy to see the stats in sports, whether you are watching sports or gambling on it. What is Patrick Mahomes’ record when playing in subfreezing temperatures? How well does Lebron James shoot on the road? How have the Avalanche done in their past ten games?  Weather – Is it too cold to walk my dog? Should I go to the store soon and stock up on groceries since there’s a high chance of snow for the next week? When will it be cloudiest so I can run without sunglasses? The statistics of of weather is utilized constantly by most citizens, probably without even realizing it.  Shopping – Is this item on Amazon 20% off? Are there only a few of these highly-sought after Stanley Cups left at Target? How much is the car salesman willing to budge on price, especially given that it’s the end of the month and there’s a quota needed to be filled? Stats and consumerism go hand in hand. 2. Give an example of two variables that may have a curvilinear relationship instead of a linear one. Explain why the curvilinear pattern occurs?  Two variables that have curvilinear relationship is age and amount of muscle on an individual. From birth, human beings continue to grow and get stronger as they age. Eventually though, this growth expansion eventually comes to a hault (people begin to plateau, consistency at gyms diminishes later in life, and older aged individuals have less amounts of energy and natural growth hormones and testosterone) and eventually dip down as people get older. 3. Find two academic journal articles that utilize a correlation matrix or scatterplot. Describe how these methods of representing data illustrate the relationship between pairs of variables?  This article about Anneke Maas and others talked about the correlation between Excessive Daytime Sleeipness (EDS) and those with disruptive behaviors that have Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) 1 . Direct care staff and/or parents used a scatter plot to collect data during 28 successive days. Individuals with PWS generally showed more EDS when there were no scheduled activities compared to when activities were scheduled.  This article from Erick Wara discussed the correlation between Cognitive Engagement and Academic Achievement among secondary students in Kenya. 2 The finding showed that there was a moderate positive relationship between cognitive engagement and academic achievement, with increase in cognitive 1 2

engagement resulting in an increase in academic achievement. Due to the positive relationship between these two variables, it’s safe to say students who cognitively engage more in the learning process reflect better academic achievement than those less cognitively engaged. 4. A sample of typical undergraduate students is very likely to have a range of GPAs from 1.0 to 4.0, whereas graduate students are often required to have good grades (e.g., from 3.0 to 4.0). Please explain what influence these two different ranges of GPA would have on any correlations calculated on these two separate groups of students.  There are quite a few influences on these different ranges. Age is undoubtedly a big factor. Most undergraduate students are in their early 20s, while I would guess that most graduate students are in their late 20s, if not their early 30s. Another influence is the requirements. Undergraduate requirements are a bit more lenient, which could allow a student to hover around a 2.0 and be content with that. However, from my understanding, a graduate student cannot have below a 3.0 due to the fact that the student will be removed from the course if they do. Lastly, I would consider passion/devotion as factors. While this sentiment does not apply to all undergraduate students, some of them are merely “checking a box” and trying to do as little as possible to get a degree. Graduate students on the other hand, tend to be a bit more devoted and are truly passionate about their graduate studies. 5. Think of two possible research questions that you might be interested in potentially testing. Translate the questions into both a null and a research hypothesis. Research hypotheses should be written as either directional or nondirectional.  Mental health issues for users of social media o Null - There is no difference of reported mental health issues between a 9 th grader and a 12 th grader that both use Social Media. o Directional – Ninth graders will report higher instances of mental heal issues than a 12 th grader, when both utilize Social Media.  Crime rate vs legalization of recreational drugs o There is no difference in crime rates in cities before and after legalization of recreational drugs. o After legalization of recreational drugs, there is a positive relationship between crime rates and drug use.

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