Dependent Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs for IELTS Success

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 1: Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 1) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 1: Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 1) Many verbs, nouns and adjectives are followed by a particular preposition: In his lecture, Dr. Pang focused on genetic variations in fruit flies. There are no clear rules to help you decide which preposition should follow a particular word; the best strategy is to learn the preposition with the word. You should use a dictionary to check how words and prepositions are used. Look at this example from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/apologize : The examples show that you can apologize to the person you are addressing or apologize for something which went wrong. Remember: a preposition must be followed by a noun/ noun phrase/ pronoun/ verb+-ing. Which preposition is right? 1. Obviously our interest is related ___ the class of degree that you get. 2. I haven’t actually had any experience ___ business yet. 3. I want to concentrate ___ getting my qualifications first. 4. So when would you be available ___ an interview? 5. I’m quite good ___ cooking. 6. Have you done any other work in the past that would be relevant ___ a marketing career? Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (pp.10, 112)

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 1: Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 1) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. to 2. of / in 3. on 4. for 5. at 6. to / for / in

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 2: Phrasal Verbs (Textbook Unit 2) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 2: Phrasal Verbs (Textbook Unit 2) Phrasal verbs are formed from: 1. Verb + Adverb Particle (e.g. read on = continue reading) 2. Verb + Preposition (e.g. get into = enter) 3. Verb + Adverb Particle + Preposition (e.g. come up with = suggest or think of an idea or plan) Phrasal verbs often have meanings which are not clear from their component parts (e.g. get over = recover from). 1. Verb + Adverb Particle These verbs may be: a. Intransitive , i.e. they don’t have an object: She doesn’t earn a lot of money, but she gets by . (manages to live) b. Transitive , i.e. they have an object: You should back up your ideas with examples. (support) OR You should back your ideas up with examples. OR You should back them up with examples. BUT You should back up them with examples. ( WRONG ) 2. Verb + Preposition These verbs are always transitive , i.e. they always have an object. The object (noun or pronoun) always comes after the preposition. I always go over my notes at the end of lectures. (check) I always go over them at the end of lectures. BUT I always go my notes over at the end of lectures. ( WRONG ) I always go them over at the end of lectures. ( WRONG ) 3. Verb + Adverb Particle + Preposition These three-part phrasal verbs are always transitive , i.e. they have an object. The object (noun or pronoun) always comes after the three parts. Let’s get down to work. (start to direct your efforts towards something) Let’s get down to it. BUT Let’s get work down to . ( WRONG ) Let’s get it down to . ( WRONG ) Let’s get down work to . ( WRONG ) Let’s get down it to . ( WRONG ) Note Transitive phrasal verbs can have a noun/ noun phrase as an object, OR in many cases verb+- ing:

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LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 2: Phrasal Verbs (Textbook Unit 2) Page 2 of 2 The majority of young smokers give up smoking in their 30s. An exception to this is turn out , which is followed by to-infinitive : The charity event turned out to be much more successful than the organizers had hoped. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (pp. 115-116)

LCH1109 Vocabulary Topic 4: Collocations and Phrases with Make, Take, Do and Have (Textbook Unit 4) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 4: Collocations and Phrases with Make, Take, Do and Have (Textbook Unit 4) Choose an appropriate answer. 1. Modern fashion designers did / made their best by mixing and matching styles. 2. The invention of the lithographic process had / took little impact on posters until the 1960s. 3. The company quickly made / took advantage of the public interest. 4. The designer had / made use of a mathematical grid. 5. The accessibility of words and symbols had to be made / taken into account . Which words collocate with make, take, do and have? ___ a prediction (about/regarding) ___ an interest (in) ___ someone aware (of) ___ a profit (from) ___ a mistake (with) ___ a decision (about/regarding) ___ business (with) ___ an influence (on) ___ an effect (on) ___ a choice (between) ___ action (on) ___ an impression (on) ___ advantages (for) ___ (into) consideration ___ a result (on) ___ research (on) ___ damage (to) ___ benefits (for) Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (p. 44)

LCH1109 Vocabulary Topic 4: Collocations and Phrases with Make, Take, Do and Have (Textbook Unit 4) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. did 2. had 3. took 4. made 5. taken 6. made make a prediction (about/regarding) have/take an interest (in) make someone aware (of) make a profit (from) make a mistake (with) make a decision (about/regarding) do business (with) have an influence (on) have an effect (on) make a choice (between) take action (on) make an impression (on) take advantages (for) take (into) consideration have a result (on) do research (on) do damage (to) have benefits (for)

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LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 5: Word Formation – Negative Affixes (Textbook Unit 5) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 5: Negative Affixes (Textbook Unit 5) Affixes are letters or groups of letters added to the beginnings or ends of words to form other words. Affixes added at the beginning of a word are called prefixes. Those added at the end of a word are suffixes. Affix Meaning Example anti- opposed to, against anti-social, anti-virus de- the opposite of, remove, reduce decaffeinated, decelerate dis- added to words to form the opposite disadvantage in- il- (before l) im- (before b, m and p) ir- (before r ) lacking, not, the opposite of inexact illegal impatient irrelevant -less without meaningless, careless mal- badly, wrongly malfunction, malpractice mis- badly, wrongly mispronounce non- not, the opposite of non-fiction, non-existent over- above, more than, too much overflow, overcrowded un- not, lacking, the opposite of untidy under- not enough underestimate Adding a Negative Affix Complete the following sentences by adding an affix to the word in brackets, and where necessary, putting the word in the correct form. 1. Unfortunately, the researchers felt that the audience had _____ (interpret) their results. 2. You cannot be _____ (organize) if you work in the field of archaeology, as everything must be carefully categorized. 3. Although the coins looked valuable, they turned out to be _____ (worth). 4. Some artefacts are so precious that if you lose them, they are _____ (replace). Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (pp.57, 115)

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 5: Word Formation – Negative Affixes (Textbook Unit 5) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. misinterpreted 2. disorganized 3. worthless 4. irreplaceable

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 3: Verb + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 3) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 3: Verb + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 3) Some verbs and nouns are often used together. Examples: 1. Promote feelings 2. Gauge the effectiveness (of something) 3. Overlook a factor 4. Challenge an assumption 5. Determine an outcome 6. Yield results 7. Devise a strategy 8. Outline the causes (of something) Which verb will you use? 1. Seventy years ago, a nurse devised / determine a method of alleviating pain during operations without the use of an anesthetic. 2. Using a placebo in trials allows scientists to determine / yield the true success of a drug. 3. Prior to the official use of placebos, researchers sometimes gauged / overlooked negative results. 4. Researchers have found that taking a sugar pill while believing it to be a medicine can promote / outline a sense of well-being. 5. In gauging / devising a patient’s reaction to treatment, it is always important to look at side effects as well. 6. Some alternative medical treatments have challenged / overlooked conventional practice. 7. During a consultation, medical practitioners should outline / promote their treatment strategy. 8. A trial should be abandoned if the treatment is not yielding / promoting any real gains. Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (p.35)

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LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 3: Verb + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 3) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. devised (= to invent – cleverly or imaginatively) 2. determine (= to decide; to control or influence directly) 3. overlooked (= not to notice, or to pretend not to notice) 4. promote (= to encourage the development or existence of something) 5. gauging (= to calculate or make a judgment about something) 6. challenged (= to question or express doubt about the truth, legality or purpose of something) 7. outline (= to give a general idea of the main items or parts of something) 8. yielding (= to supply or produce something positive, such as information)

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 8: Verbs and Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 8) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 8: Verbs and Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 8) Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences. 1. The community that focuses its efforts in / on the exploration of space has largely been different from the community that focused on / to the study and protection of the Earth, despite the fact that both fields of interest involve what might be referred to as / out of ‘scientific exploration’. 2. The separation between the two communities is often reflected in / on attitudes. 3. It is common for space exploration to be regarded as / to a waste of money, distracting governments from / off solving major environmental problems here at home. 4. Both Earth and space exploration stem from / in the same human drive to understand our environment. 5. Projects that have been supported by the Foundation include environmental projects using technologies resulting from / at space exploration. Complete the following sentences using the correct preposition. 6. I do not believe ___ spending money ___ space exploration. 7. With regard to the rocket launch, the team agreed ___ a six-hour delay. 8. Being away from family and friends for long periods must be hard to cope ___. 9. The cloud prevented observers ___ seeing the eclipse. 10. A team of experts will be involved ___ setting up the space mission. 11. The astronaut said that he had devoted the past four years ___ preparing himself for the mission. 12. Galileo is recognized worldwide ___ having been an exceptional scientist. Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (p. 88)

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 8: Verbs and Dependent Prepositions (Textbook Unit 8) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. on; on; as 2. in 3. as; from 4. from 5. from 6. in; on 7. to 8. with 9. from 10. in 11. to 12. as

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LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 7: Idiomatic Expressions (Textbook Unit 7) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 7: Idiomatic Expressions (Textbook Unit 7) Idiomatic expressions are also known as idioms. According to https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/idiom?q=idioms : Choose a word to complete the following idiomatic expressions. 1. It’s like anything – you have to put it down to account / experience. 2. But suddenly something will take your breath / time away , and you’ll realize it’s all been worth it. 3. Well, yes, but I wouldn’t worry – in the long run / time , you’ll still get your pictures. 4. It means that you need to take the landscape into account / breath. 5. I want to make the most / run of all the stunning reflections in the water. 6. Just take your experience / time, and you might capture an amazing reflection. 7. It’s just something to bear / run in mind . Which idiomatic expression (from above) has the following meaning? 8. profit from in a positive way 9. you will learn from something, rather than get upset by it 10. be patient 11. eventually 12. surprise and amaze you 13. consider / think about (two idiomatic expressions have this meaning) Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (p. 76)

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 7: Idiomatic Expressions (Textbook Unit 7) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. experience 2. breath 3. run 4. account 5. most 6. time 7. bear 8. make the most of 9. put it down to experience 10. take your time 11. in the long run 12. take your breath away 13. take into account; bear in mind

LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 6: Adjective + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 6) Page 1 of 2 Vocabulary Topic 6: Adjective + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 6) Look at these sentences. For each one, choose the adjective(s) that CAN be used with the noun in bold to form a collocation. 1. It was possible to build up a small scene for a movie, though a large / big / considerable number of cut-outs were required to do this. 2. The movie has become a Hollywood icon, with earnings of over 6.3 billion dollars and numerous / plentiful / countless film awards . 3. Many features of the film were seen as outstanding / irreplaceable / excellent. 4. It is still considered to be one of the most extensive / significant / noteworthy achievements in the history of film animation. 5. This helped to enhance the appeal of one of the film’s central / primary /main characters . 6. Many scenes took place underwater and relied on a certain / particular / sure level of brilliance and clarity throughout. 7. Yet cinema audiences have increasingly high / tall / great expectations . Complete the following sentences using collocations from the exercise (above) in the correct form. 8. If friends praise a film too much, your ___ can be too ___ when you go to see it. 9. Film directors know that audiences need to be able to identify with the ___ ___in a film. 10. In my view, Leonardo DiCarprio’s performance was the most ___ ___ of the film. 11. Producers now have a ___ ___ of animation techniques at their disposal. 12. Making a short animated film was a ___ ___ for me. Answers are on the next page. Reference: Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2013). Complete IELTS bands 6.5- 7.5 student’s book with answers . Cambridge University Press. (pp. 67-68)

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LCH1109 Preparing for IELTS Vocabulary Topic 6: Adjective + Noun Collocations (Textbook Unit 6) Page 2 of 2 Answers 1. large / considerable 2. numerous / countless 3. outstanding / excellent 4. significant / noteworthy 5. central / main 6. certain / particular 7. high / great 8. expectations … high / great 9. central / main characters 10. outstanding / excellent feature 11. large / considerable number 12. significant / noteworthy achievement

Vocabulary Topic 1-8

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