1.05 APES Lab

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Kent State University *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Trophic Levels Lab Worksheet Instructions: In this lab activity, we will investigate the “best” food option based on your investigative focus: nutrition, energy, availability, or environmental impact. Be sure to review the grading rubric for the lab activity before submitting your lab report to your instructor once it is completed. Title: Amrita Nirahu Trophic levels lab Objective(s): In order to select the "best" option for food, I will need to examine nutrition, energy, availability, and the impact on the environment. Background: For the purposes of this lab activity, you make the following assumptions:  One farmer consumes one-half (0.5) chicken per day for a year  One chicken consumes 40 grasshoppers per day  1,200 grasshoppers have a mass of one kilogram  One grasshopper requires 25 grams of soybeans per year  One human requires 750 grasshoppers per day  Soybeans have 3.2 calories per gram Procedure: A list of materials and summary of steps is provided for you. Materials:  Calculator  Paper  Pencil/pen  Digital charts or drawing tools (found in MS Word) Summary of Steps: 1. Identify the producer(s) and consumer(s) in this farm scenario, based on the background information. Also identify any herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores that are present. More than one term might apply to an organism. List them in Table 1 .

2. Identify two biotic and two abiotic factors that would impact this farm ecosystem. List these in Table 2. 3. Perform the calculations expected in the calculations section of your lab worksheet. All work or explanations of how you determined the answers must be provided to receive partial to full credit. 4. Answer the reflection questions after completing your calculations. All work or explanations of how you determined the answers must be provided to receive partial to full credit. Data: Complete the table to organize the data collected in this lab. Don’t forget to record measurements with the correct units and number of significant figures, if applicable. Table 1 Primary Secondary Tertiary Producers Soybeans Consumers Grasshoppers Chickens Humans Table 2 Factor 1 Factor 2 Biotic In this case, grasshoppers would be overabundant due to chickens depending on another source of food. The grasshopper population may be affected by another soybean consumer competing for food with grasshoppers. Abiotic Soybean plants could die due to a drought. Grasshoppers and soybean plants could die due to a freeze, leaving the chickens starving. Calculations: Perform the following calculations in the data section of your lab worksheet. Show all work. A. Calculate the number of grasshoppers a chicken eats per year. - In a year, 14,600 grasshoppers are consumed 40 grasshoppers per day multiplied by 365 B. How many grasshoppers are needed for a year’s supply of chickens for the farmer?

- The number of grasshoppers needed for a years supply of chicken for the farmer is 2,664,500 0.5 chickens X 365 days = 182.5 chickens, 182.5 chickens X 14,600 = 2,664,500 C. What is the total mass, in kilograms, of the grasshoppers needed to feed all the chickens for one year? - 2220.42 kg 2,664,500 X 1 kg divided by 1,200 grasshoppers =2220.42 D. How many kilograms of soybeans are needed to feed all the grasshoppers for one year? - 66,612.5 kg of soybeans is needed to feed all the grasshoppers for one year (2,664,500 X 25g convert to kg by dividing by 1,000 = 66,612.5) Post-Reflection Questions Answer the post-reflection questions using what you have learned from the lesson and your experimental data. It will be helpful to refer to your class notes. Answer questions in complete sentences. Show all work for calculations. 1. Suppose the farmer chose to eat grasshoppers instead of chickens. How many people could the grasshoppers feed, compared to the one person that the chicken fed? - 9.7 grasshoppers 2,664,500 x 1 times 1 = 2,664,500 ... multiply 1 year times 365 days X 750 grasshoppers = 273,750 divide 2,664,500 by 273,750 which equals 9.7 2. The farmer needs to consume 3,500 calories per day. If he ate only soybeans instead of the chickens or grasshoppers, how many people would his soybean crop feed? - 166.86 people X 66,612.5 kg X 1 times 3.2 calories X 1,000g X 1 farmer = 213, 160,000 … multiply 1 ear times 365 days X 1 times 1 kg X 3,500 = 1,277,500 divide 213,160,000 by 1,277,500 which equals 166.86) 3. Create a Biomass Pyramid using the data you have developed up to this point. At each trophic level, record the biomass of the organisms over a period of one year needed to support one farmer. Assume that a farmer weighs 75 kg and a chicken weighs 1.5 kg. The pyramid may be set up like this:

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4. Should people eat at a lower trophic level? Outline three pros and three cons of eating only plants and plant products. PROS: 1) A trophic pyramid has the most energy for the producer, so you receive more energy as a result. 2) Medicinal properties in plant matter are often more beneficial to your health than in meat. 3) Breeding plants is much easier than raising animals, since plants reproduce much more rapidly. CONS: 1) Due to meat's high protein content, it may result in protein deficiency. 2) It may be necessary to replace the nutrients lost from meat with larger portions of plant-based meals. 3) In addition, overeating can cause health problems for the rest of your life if you consume too much of a particular type of food. .19 .25 1.5

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