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Cheronesia Valliere Anatomy and Physiology-251 8/31/2023 Case Study Homework Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource in APA format to support your answers. 1. Differentiate between anatomy and physiology. 2. Explain the characteristics of life. 3. What is homeostasis and why is it important? 4. Explain what happens in negative feedback regulation and give an example. 5. Explain what happens in positive feedback regulation and give an example. 1. Anatomy refers to the study of the structure and organization of living organisms, including their organs, tissues, and cells. It focuses on understanding the physical components of the body and their relationships to each other. Physiology, on the other hand, is the study of how these structures function and work together to maintain life. It focuses on the processes and mechanisms that occur within the body to support its various functions. Source: Tortora, G.J., Derrickson, B.H. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. 2. The characteristics of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction, and adaptation. Organization refers to the complex arrangement of cells and tissues that make up living organisms. Metabolism involves the chemical processes that occur within the body to obtain and utilize energy. Responsiveness refers to the ability of an organism to sense and respond to changes in its environment. Growth refers to an increase in size or number of cells, while development refers to changes in an organism's structure and function over time. Reproduction involves the production of offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species. Lastly, adaptation refers to the ability of an organism to evolve and adjust to changes in its environment. Source: Sadava, D. et al. (2013). Life: The Science of Biology. W.H. Freeman and Company. 3. Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves the regulation of various physiological variables such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pH levels within specific ranges. Homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. It allows them to carry out their functions optimally and ensures the overall stability and well-being of the organism.

Source: Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier Saunders. 4. In negative feedback regulation, the body's response to a stimulus acts to reverse or negate the initial change. It functions to maintain stability and restore the set point of a variable. For example, when body temperature increases, the body initiates a cooling response. Blood vessels dilate, allowing more blood flow to the skin, and sweating occurs, which leads to evaporative cooling. This helps lower body temperature back to its normal range. Source: Silverthorn, D.U. (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. Pearson. 5. In positive feedback regulation, the body's response amplifies or increases the initial change, rather than reversing it. It is less common than negative feedback and usually occurs in specific physiological processes. An example of positive feedback is the process of childbirth. As labor contractions occur, they stimulate the release of oxytocin, a hormone that further intensifies contractions. This positive feedback loop continues until the baby is born. Source: Sherwood, L. (2016). Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Cengage Learning. References: Tortora, G.J., Derrickson, B.H. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. Sadava, D. et al. (2013). Life: The Science of Biology. W.H. Freeman and Company. Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier Saunders. Silverthorn, D.U. (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. Pearson. Sherwood, L. (2016). Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Cengage Learning.

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