Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet completed

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Multiple Choice / Numerical Response: Select the one best answer for the Multiple Choice. You may respond directly on these pages OR use the response sheets provided at the back of the assignment OR use your own paper to submit your choices. (Value: 2 pts each for a total of 54 pts) 1. The nervous and endocrine systems are similar, in that they both A. regulate body movement B. have prolonged effects on target organs C. respond to changes in equilibrium to maintain homeostasis D. respond to changes in the external environment, but do not respond to changes in the internal environment Use the following information to answer the next question . The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an important role in the control of the involuntary muscles of the digestive system, which are responsible for the mechanical mixing of food. 2. Which of the following rows identifies the division of the nervous system in which the neurons of the ENS are classified and identifies the type of neuron that directly stimulates the muscles of the digestive system? 3. The primary function of the myelin sheath is to A. supply nutrients to the axon B. increase the speed at which nerve impulses travel C. conduct active transport of potassium ions D. regulate the diffusion of sodium ions across the synapse 1 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Use the following to answer the next question. Scientists have long assumed that the brain could not produce new cells. However, researchers have successfully produced new brain tissue by using an unspecialized brain cell known as a stem cell. This stem cell acts as a “mother” cell to produce healthy brain tissue in vitro. 4. Before this research, the assumption that brain cells could not regenerate was based upon which characteristic of axons? A. Axons of the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by a neurilemma. B. Axons of the central nervous system are surrounded by a neurilemma. C. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack a neurilemma. D. axons of the central nervous system lack a neurilemma. Use the following to answer the next question. Some neurons have one or more types of potassium channels known as Kir2.1 in their membranes. The presence of these channels causes a greater-than-normal number of potassium ions to diffuse out of the neuron. Ottersen, Ole Petter. 2005. Neurobiology: Sculpted by competition. Nature 434, no. 7036 (April 21): 969. doi:10.1038/434969a. 5. The effect of Kir2.1 channels on a neuron is to A. initiate depolarization of the neuron B. initiate an action potential in the neuron C. cause the inside of the neuron to become more negative D. cause the inside of the neuron to become more positive Use the following information to answer the next question. Guillain – Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system damages the nerves of the peripheral nervous system. The most common type of Guillain – Barré syndrome is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a condition in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath. One symptom of AIDP is a loss of the knee-jerk reflex. 6. A person with AIDP is expected to have a change in the transmission of motor nerve impulses A. exiting the spinal cord and entering the CNS B. exiting the spinal cord and entering the PNS C. travelling through the CNS and then entering the spinal cord D. travelling through the PNS and then entering the spinal cord 2 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Use the following information to answer the following two questions. Figure 1 below shows a reflex arc. The neurons that make up the arc are labeled with roman numerals Figure 1 7. If neuron I were severed, A. the sensory receptor would detect touch, but the muscle would not contract B. the muscle would still be capable of contracting, but sensory information would not be relayed to the CNS C. the reflex arc would not work because sensory information is not received by the CNS D. it would be impossible for the information received by the sensory neuron to travel to the brain 8. The order in which an impulse travels along the reflex arc is A. I, II, and III B. II, I, and III C. III, II, and I D. III, I, and II 4 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ 9. Identify the pathway in a simple reflex arc. A. sensory receptor > sensory neuron > CNS> motor neuron B. sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron> muscle or gland C. interneuron > motor neuron > muscle or gland> motor receptor D. motor receptor > sensory receptor > CNS> muscle or gland 10. An impulse can move from one neuron to an adjacent neuron because A. the axon of one neuron always touches the axon of the adjacent neuron B. dendrites of one neuron always touch the axon of the adjacent neuron C. chemical transmitters are released from the dendrites of one neuron and diffuse to the axon terminal of the adjacent neuron D. chemical transmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and diffuse to the dendrites of the adjacent neuron 11. A person who occasionally experienced paralysis was examined and found to have very low levels of potassium in the blood and other tissues. The paralysis likely resulted because of the inability of A. capillaries to provide adequate blood flow B. axon terminals to break down acetylcholine C. neurons to repolarize during the refractory period D. neurons to remove acetylcholine from the synapse 12 When a 1.5 volt electric current was applied to a person’s tongue, the person sensed a strong taste. When the electric current was removed, the taste disappeared. The electric current apparently A. stimulated motor impulse transmission B. increased enzyme production in synapses C. reached the threshold level of sensory nerve cells D. caused depolarization by directly stimulating olfactory centers in the brain Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Figure 2 shows the change in the membrane potential of a neuron as it undergoes an action potential. Figure 2 5 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Use the following information to answer the next two questions. During a football game, a receiver collides with a linebacker. Both football players collide and both appear to have received serious injuries. Both athletes are X-rayed upon arriving at the hospital. The linebacker is believed to have a fractured skull resulting in extensive damage to the motor cortex of the left frontal lobe of his brain. The receiver has no broken bones but lost feeling in his lower right leg. During the examination, the doctor uses a needle to gently poke the right leg of the receiver, beginning at the foot and working slowly upward on the leg. Further tests revealed that t he loss of feeling in the receiver’s leg is the result of a tear in the outer neural tissue at one location of the spinal cord. 16. By poking the receiver’s leg with a needle, the physician is most likely A. trying to locate the area of the leg where muscle damage occurred B. trying to locate the area of the spinal cord where nerve damage occurred C. trying to locate the area of the brain where nerve damage occurred D. trying to locate the area of the leg where muscle and nerve damage occurred 17. Indicate what the prognosis for recovery for the linebacker would be if tests continued to yield memory loss and problems with motor coordination weeks after the initial check. A. Good: grey matter of the brain has myelinated neurons, which have some capacity for repair. B. Good: white matter of the brain has unmyelinated neurons, which have some capacity for repair. C. Poor: grey matter of the brain has unmyelinated neurons, which have little capacity for repair. D. Poor: white matter of the brain has myelinated neurons, which have little capacity for repair. 18. A stroke results in a loss of speech, difficulty in using the right arm, and an inability to solve mathematical equations. Which area of the brain is damaged? A. left cerebellum B. right cerebellum C. left cerebral hemisphere D. right cerebral hemisphere Use the Figure 1 below to answer the next two questions. 7 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ NR#2 Identify the areas shown below by number. (Record all four digits of your answer.) _________ medulla oblongata _________ cerebellum _________ corpus callosum _________ pons 19. The function of the area labelled 5 is to A. communicate between the right and left hemisphere B. coordinate sensory and motor function from the cerebellum C. store sensory information and sequence motor activity D. coordinate the autonomic nervous system Use the following information to answer the next question. Many genetic disorders in humans result in some behavioral abnormality. One example is Huntington disease (HD), which is controlled by the presence of a dominant gene. This disease affects all parts of the nervous system, including the brain. Symptoms of HD usually appear after the age of 40 and include gradual loss of motor function and coordination. Degeneration of the nervous system is progressive and produces personality changes. Affected individuals become unable to care for themselves. These symptoms indicate that the disease affects some parts of the brain more than others. 20. Which row identifies the degree to which certain parts of the brain are most likely affected by HD? Row Cerebrum Cerebellum Pituitary Hypothalamus A. slight slight significant significant B. significant slight significant slight C. slight significant slight significant D. significant significant slight slight 8 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ NR # 4 In Figure 3 below, which number represents the segment of the neuron that is: depolarized, polarized (resting membrane), repolarized (refractory period), and more permeable to Na+ ions? (Record all four digits of your answer.) __________ __________ __________ __________ depolarized polarized repolarized more permeable to Na+ ion NR#5 From the list, identify the statements about the synapse that are correct. (Record all four digits of your answer in lowest-to-highest 1. Nerve impulses speed up as they cross the synapse. 2. Synapses occur only between two neurons. 3. Destruction of the synaptic vesicles in neuron #1 will prevent depolarization in neuron #2. 4. Neurotransmitters released from neuron #1 attach to the postsynaptic membrane of neuron #2. 5. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse. 6. All neurotransmitters cause the depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. 7. Neurotransmitters from neuron #1 are destroyed by enzymes. _______ , _________ , ______________ , ______________ 10 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Written Response: You may respond directly on these pages OR you may use your own paper to submit your response. Point values are as described following each question. 1. Compare the structure and functions of myelinated neurons and unmyelinated neurons. (Value: 2 pts) 2. Hypothesize how over production of cholinesterase might affect the body. Explain your answer. (Value: 2 pts) 3. Explain how cocaine interferes with the neural transmission across a synapse. (Value: 3 pts) 4. A person with epilepsy can have severe epileptic seizures. Explain why the corpus callosum is used to treat some cases of epilepsy. (Value: 2 pts) 11 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ 7 Name the three main tissues that support and protect the central nervous system. (Value: 3 pts) 8. One of the tragic consequences of Alzheimer’s disease is progressive memory loss. The memory pathways in the brain are complex and involve several different areas. Name the lobe of the cerebral cortex that is most related to memory, and state three other functions of this lobe. (Value: 4 pts) 9. Imagine that you are hiking in the bush one afternoon with friends. As you turn a corner, you come across a large cougar feeding off of a kill in the middle of your trail. a) Identify the specific division of the nervous system that is responsible for the body’s response to this situation. (Value: 1 pt) b) Describe at least four physiological responses you might have upon seeing this cougar. (Value: 4 pts) c) Indicate the division of the nervous system that is responsible for returning the body back to equilibrium after this very scary event is over. (Value: 1 pt) 13 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ 10. In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with a muscle fiber is suspended. The other end of the muscle fiber is attached to a mass. If an electrical stimulus is sufficient to cause an impulse in the neuron, the muscle will contract and lift the mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Analyze the data, and answer the following questions. Strength of stimulus (mV) Mass lifted by muscle contraction (g) 5 0 10 4 20 ? 35 ? a) Define “threshold potential”. What is the minimum size of the stimulus required to reach the threshold potential for this motor neuron? (Value: 3 pts) b) Explain the “all – or- none response”. Then, predict the mass that could be lifted at 3 mV of stimuli and at 40 mV of stimuli. (Value: 3 pts) 14 of 16

Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Biology 30 Chapter 11 Worksheet NAME:_____________ Multiple Choice Numerical Response We are all now connected by the Internet, like neurons in a giant brain. Quote by: Stephen Hawking 16 of 16