Analysis & Visualization Project (written)

29/04/2022 3 7 55 99 61 10.91% 8 76 121 93 22.37% 9 59 106 67 13.56% 10 63 111 69 9.52% 11 68 114 79 16.18% 12 68 114 78 14.71% 13 69 110 82 18.84% 14 57 104 62 8.77% 15 58 101 62 6.90% 16 72 120 84 16.67% 17 79 117 103 30.38% 18 67 110 78 16.42% 19 53 98 56 5.66% 20 61 108 69 13.11% 21 63 108 72 14.29% 22 65 113 76 16.92% 23 68 116 79 16.18% 24 64 110 72 12.50% 25 70 117 81 15.71% 26 71 118 83 16.90% 27 64 111 73 14.06% 28 68 119 80 17.65% 29 72 121 83 15.28% 30 65 113 76 16.92% 31 64 109 78 21.88% 32 67 118 81 20.90% 33 64 111 73 14.06% 34 59 102 66 11.86% 35 66 115 78 18.18% 36 68 120 80 17.65% 37 69 119 82 18.84% 38 65 113 73 12.31% 39 62 114 71 14.52% 40 67 118 77 14.93% 41 57 105 63 10.53% 42 71 121 84 18.31% 43 72 119 84 16.67% 44 54 98 60 11.11% 45 66 116 78 18.18% Percentage Change: - (HR % change after exercise - resting HR)/HR

29/04/2022 6 addition, both the Pearson correlation (r coefficient) and R squared test supported my hypothesis by being strongly positive, and moderately strong. Discussion of Findings: On the positive side of the experiment, the trials ran smoothly. With all 45 test subjects completing the basic workout (1 minute jumping jacks with your feet opening 80cm, followed by eight pushups). All of the controlled variables were maintained which subsequently increases the legitimacy of the experiment. The jumping jacks width (80cm); the type of pushups (standard military push ups) - arms shoulder width, knees not touching the ground, chest to the ground and back up; time spent doing jumping jacks (1 minute); heart rate measuring device (Apple Watch series 4); and the age group of subjects (born all within 2003 and 2002). Moving onto the trendline, the range of the independent variable was more than enough to see the trend. In addition the controlled variables allowed the trendline to solely focus on the correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Oppositely, there were some inconsistencies during the experimentation phase. For example, some test subjects did not maintain a steady pace, and therefore did less jumping jacks then the average person. Another limitation was the jumping jacks width. Many, as they got tired, were not able to open their legs the entire 80cm. However, the most inconsistent area of the experiment that I was able to observe was the pushup form. Many points that are higher up on the trendline did not know how to correctly do push ups. This makes sense because the one’s closer to the bottom are the one’s more in shape, and therefore should be more familiar with basic push up form. An uncontrolled variable that I would substitute into a controlled variable is the subject's clothing. Some had appropriate sports attire, meanwhile others did not and this may have caused greater fatigue, and therefore influenced their percentage change which is the dependent variable. Another small uncontrolled variable that I would include in my controlled variable section would be the subjects' food intake on the day of the testing to ensure that everyone is getting the same type of energy prior to their exercise. Lastly, although there were many inconsistencies with the physical workout, all 45 test subjects were tired at the end of the basic workout, especially those who had trouble completing it. Thus indicating that everyone’s heart rate increased, and no one underworked. References: "40.3A: Structures of the Heart." LibreTexts, MindTouch, 15 Aug. 2020, bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/ Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/40%3A_The_Circulatory_System/ 40.3%3A_Mammalian_Heart_and_Blood_Vessels/ 40.3A%3A_Structures_of_the_Heart#:~:text=The%20heart%20is%20divided%20into,is%20p umped%20to%20the%20lungs. Accessed 29 Apr. 2022. "Athletic Heart Syndrome." Wikipedia, 9 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Athletic_heart_syndrome#:~:text=Athletic%20heart%20syndrome%20(AHS)%20is,conseque nce%20of%20repetitive%20cardiac%20loading. Accessed 29 Apr. 2022..