Lab 14. Respiratory system online lab-1

Fall 2019 BIO160 Name: __Evelyn Alvarado_____________ Date: _____________ Section: ____________ Lab 14. Respiratory System Online This is a slightly different version of the lab done in class Activity 1: Measuring thoracic cavity size To understand how air enters and leaves the lungs, you have to understand the relationship between the volume of a sample of gas and the pressure of that same gas. Air is a gas made up of different molecules and atoms. Air in the atmosphere (external environment) primarily contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. These molecules spread out from each other to take the shape of the container they are in and fill up the container they are in. We can apply the information mentioned above to the lungs. The lungs are the “container” that air is held in. Lung volume changes during breathing, changing the pressure of the air in the lungs. The volume of the lungs is known as the intrapulmonary volume and the pressure in the lungs is known as the intrapulmonary pressure. Air in the atmosphere also has a pressure, known as atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure stays relatively constant, although it does vary somewhat depending on elevation and weather changes. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure areas. Assuming atmospheric pressure is constant, changes in intrapulmonary pressure causes air to enter or leave the lungs. Materials needed: ● Tape measure (or twine or yarn) ● Test subject (friend, family member) Directions: 1. Wrap the tape measure around the subject’s chest. If you don’t have tape, use twine or yarn. 2. Measure the subject’s chest diameter after he or she inhales deeply and record the number in the table below. If using twine, use a ruler to measure the length. 3. Measure the subject’s chest diameter after he or she exhales deeply and record the number in the table below Results/Questions: Chest diameter after deep inhalation (include units) Chest diameter after deep exhalation (include units) 1. Was the diameter of the chest greater after inhaling or exhaling? a. The diameter was larger after inhaling 1

Fall 2019 BIO160 b. The diameter was larger after exhaling 2. Define “intrapulmonary volume” 3. Define “intrapulmonary pressure” 4. When diameter of the chest (thoracic cavity) increases , (circle correct answer): a. Thoracic volume i. increases ii. decreases iii. stays the same b. Intrapulmonary volume i. Increases ii. Decreases iii. Stays the same c. Intrapulmonary pressure i. Increases ii. Decreases iii. Stays the same 5. When does air enter the lungs from the external environment? a. When the intrapulmonary pressure is more than the atmospheric pressure b. When the intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure c. When the intrapulmonary pressure is same as the atmospheric pressure 6. When does air stop entering the lungs from the external environment? a. When the intrapulmonary pressure is more than the atmospheric pressure b. When the intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure c. When the intrapulmonary pressure is same as the atmospheric pressure 7. Which statement is correct? a. The external environment pushes air into the lungs b. The lungs suck in air from the external environment Activity 2: Measuring respiratory volumes using a spirometer A spirometer is a machine that is used to measure respiratory volumes. The study of respiratory volumes is known as spirometry. Spirometry can be used as a diagnostic tool to measure a person’s lung capacity. Several factors can influence a person’s lung capacity. Many diseases, disorders, and habits can affect a 2

Fall 2019 BIO160 2. Which other volumes, when added together, make up the volume you answered in the previous question? 3. In addition to the volume you measured with the spirometer, what other respiratory volume(s) would you need to know to calculate total lung volume? When someone exercises, the frequency of their respirations increases. The depth of their respirations also increases. Answer the following questions using this information: 4. When someone exercises, what happens to the tidal volume of their breaths? a. It increases b. It decreases c. It stays the same 5. As tidal volume increases, what happens to the inspiratory reserve volume ? a. It increases b. It decreases c. It stays the same 6. During exercise, what happens to a person’s vital capacity ? a. It increases b. It decreases c. It stays the same 7. During exercise, what happens to a person’s total lung capacity ? a. It increases b. It decreases c. It stays the same 8. Taller people tend to have a larger total lung capacity. Explain why this is. Activity 3: Defining ventilation and respiration : Match the term to its definition a. Cellular respiration b. External respiration c. Internal respiration d. Pulmonary ventilation e. Respiratory gas transport _____ 1. The exchange of gases (i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries _____ 2. The exchange of gases (i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the cells of the body tissues 4

Fall 2019 BIO160 _____ 3. The movement of air in and out of the lungs; inspiration and expiration _____ 4. The movement of gases (i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide) through the bloodstream, either dissolved in plasma or attached to hemoglobin ______ 5. The production of ATP by cells; requires oxygen and produced carbon dioxide Activity 4: Putting the events of respiration in order Materials needed: ● Play the interactive game Respiratory journey at https://biomanbio.com/HTML5GamesandLabs/Physiogames/respiratory_journey html5page.html Directions: 1. Play the interactive game Respiratory journey 2. Place the steps in the correct order, tracking the journey of O 2 molecule as it moves through the body. 3. Also track the journey of CO 2 molecule as it moves from the body back to the lungs. Steps of Respiration (Activity 4) JOURNEY OF O 2 gas JOURNEY OF CO 2 gas 5