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Oct 30, 2023

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Names: Lucas Harmon, Shreya Sharma, Catalina Munoz, Duy Nguyen Lab Section - BIOL- 1441-012 Lab Instructor - Trilotma Sen Group Presentation Proposal Research Question: What biotechnology is used to identify inbreeding within the Habsburg family? The presence of inbreeding can be proven true using different Genealogical DNA tests, utilizing microarray testing, and PCR testing. We are going to compare DNA from a so-called inbred royal family using these techniques. Intro: DNA fingerprinting is a lab technique to determine the identity of an individual based on the sequences of nucleotides within strands of the individual's DNA. When dealing with the past, multiple techniques and different types of biotechnological equipment are used to identify ancestral relations through DNA testing. A body contains 30 trillion cells, almost all of which contain genetic material (DNA) that are essential blueprints for essential proteins that make up our body (Haxø 2022). In Genetic ancestry testing, three types of tests are used to determine relationship of individuals ranging from the Age of the Neanderthal to present day, utilizing Y chromosome testing, Mitochondrial DNA testing and Single nucleotide polymorphism testing. Y
chromosome testing and Mitochondrial testing are known as lineage markers, with the Y chromosome following the lineage from the male side of a family tree while Mitochondrial testing follows the mother's lineage, specifically looking at both X and Y chromosomes for each test respectively (Butler 2015) Body: Microarray genetic testing and polymerase chain reaction are both biotechnological devices used to determine genetic variation. The PCR test finds the genetic material by copying a part of the material through amplification (Garibyan and Avashai 2013). Microarray genetic testing is a tool used to find mutations in an individuals’ genes. The restriction enzymes cling to specific double stranded DNA, this helps avoid hazardous organisms from entering. Therefore, they are necessary tools to use for recombinant DNA biotechnology used specifically for genetics. Microarray genetic testing uses DNA sequences that are similar to the genetic variation being studied. One of the major biotechnologies used to find interbreeding is an SNP microarray test that can detect chromosome duplications, homozygosity and deletions which is an ideal test to find if there was any partner mating within an inbred population. SNP microarray is the hybrid of single-stranded DNA containing one of a kind nucleotide probe sequence (Tarini et al. 2013). Closing: As per the significance of DNA fingerprint testing is that it can be used to further understand the inbreeding in history significantly during the royal dynasties. Historically, the most extreme cases of inbreeding can be found in one of the most important sovereign dynasties of Europe,
The Habsburg dynasty. The Habsburg family developed an overdeveloped case of Retrognathic maxilla, or better known as “Habsburg jaw”, a dentoskeletal feature of the skull (Lippi 2012). The distinct overgrowth mandible connected to mandibular prognathism, and Class III malocclusion is a consequence of the prolonged consanguineous marriage and inbreeding. The important implication of Genetic ancestry testing lies in information about a person’s ancestor’s geographical origins and details that pertain to a person’s risk of developing heritable traits and illnesses (Jorde 2020). Literature cited: John Butler. 2015. Chapter 15 - Lineage Marker Statistics. ScienceDirect [Internet]. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Inc; [2015; cited 2014 August 1]. Available from: https://doi- org.ezproxy.uta.edu/10.1016/B978-0-12-405213-0.00015-4 Jonas Haxø. 2022. What is DNA? Gale In Context [Internet]. New York, NY: Zinio LLC; [cited 2022 December]. Available from: link.gale.com/apps/doc/A738326436/OVIC? u=txshracd2597&sid=summon&xid=42903c01 Garibyan L, Avashia N. 2013. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133(3):1–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.1 . Tarini BA, Konczal LL, Goldenberg AJ, Goldman EB, McCandless SE. 2013. The Perils of SNP Microarray Testing: Uncovering Unexpected Consanguinity. Pediatric Neurology. 49(1):50–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.008 . Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Microarray. WiCell. [accessed 2023 Apr 7]. https://www.wicell.org/home/characterization/cytogenetics/snp-microarray/single-
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nucleotide-polymorphism-snp-mircroarray-.cmsx#:~:text=WHAT%20IS%20SNP %20MICROARRAY%3F . Lippi D, Pierleoni F, Franchi L. 2012. Retrognathic maxilla in “Habsburg jaw.” The Angle Orthodontist. 82(3):387–395. doi:https://doi.org/10.2319/072111-461.1. Jorde LB, Bamshad MJ. 2020. Genetic Ancestry Testing. JAMA. 323(11):1089. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0517.

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