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Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 Name: Date: School: Facilitator: 3.07 Lung Capacity Lab (50 points) Part A: Tidal Volume and Vital Capacity Read the following information about respiratory capacities and complete the questions that follow. Your lung capacity allows you to provide your body with the oxygen it needs. In this lab, we will look at 2 different types of lung volumes : Tidal volume and Vital capacity . 1. Tidal volume is the amount of air you breathe in and out during normal at rest breathing. This volume supplies enough oxygen for your cells. ● The average volume is about 500 ml for adult men and women. 2. Vital capacity is the amount of air that can be forced out of your lungs when you take a very deep breath. ● The average adult volume is between 3 and 5 Liters (or 3,000ml-5,000ml). Questions: a. The volume of air you breathe in and out during quiet, normal breathing is the Tidal volume . b. The Vital capacity is the measurement of air from a forced exhalation after a forced inhalation. c. 500 ml is an average volume of air for tidal volume or vital capacity? Tidal volume d. 4,000 ml is an average volume of air for tidal volume or vital capacity? Vital capacity Part B: Spirometer View Get Body Smart linked on the 3.07 task page and choose “Introduction to Spirometers” from the menu. Complete this section by using the information from that website. a. Spirometry is one of the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT ) used to check the health of lungs and respiratory passages. By using the information on the website above, describe what a person does during a spirometry test. Performed through a mechanical or electronic airflow sensor called a spectrometer b. Choose the “pulmonary diseases” link and describe the difference between an obstructive disease and a restrictive disease. restrictive disease. obstructive diseases are the

Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 obstruction of the trachea, bronchitis including asthma, restrictive diseases are the inability to expand the lungs c. Give 2 examples of an obstructive disease and a description Obstructive Examples Description Bronchitis Inflammation of the respiratory tubes due to infections or airborne irritants Asthma A smooth muscle contraction and or inflammation that causes the respiratory tubes to narrow d. Give 2 examples of a restrictive disease and a description. Restrictive Examples Description Intrinsic causes Destruction of the lung tissues due to infections autoimmune disorder, drugs and cancers Extrinsic causes A problem with the tissue layers lining the lung due to inflammation and damage e. A recording of a subject's airflow is referred to as a spirogram . f. The vertical axis of a spirogram indicates airflow volume (in liters) and the horizontal axis indicates time (in seconds). g. The normal ranges for vital capacity are seen in the chart. Height, age, and gender are factors. Look at the appropriate data below and find your predicted vital capacity and record here: 3015 Female Vital Capacity Data (Height in cm is calculated by converting your height to inches and multiplying by 2.54.)

Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 PROCEDURE and RESULTS a. Obtaining Resting Measurements… To measure tidal volume: ● take a normal-size breath and exhale it into the balloon. Do not force extra air into the balloon. Twist the balloon to keep the air in. Do not tie the balloon. ● Take the string and use it to measure the diameter of the largest part of the balloon in centimeters. (Refer to Image 1 ) ● Convert diameter (cm) into volume (cubic centimeters or same as ml) using Image 2 chart below. ● Record the number in the “resting” data table. ● Repeat two more times , and average the tidal volume. To measure vital capacity: ● inhale deeply taking in as much air as your lungs can hold and exhale forcibly into the balloon. Twist the balloon to keep the air in. Do not tie the balloon. ● Take the string and use it to measure the diameter of the largest part of the balloon in centimeters. (Refer to Image 1 )

Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 ● Convert diameter (cm) into volume (cubic centimeters or same as ml) using Image 2 chart. ● Record the number in the “resting” data table. ● Repeat two more times , and average the vital capacity. b. Obtaining Post Exercise Measurements… Measure tidal volume: ● Jog in place for place for two minutes. ● take a normal-size breath and exhale it into the balloon. Do not force extra air into the balloon. Twist the balloon to keep the air in. Do not tie the balloon. ● Take the string and use it to measure the diameter of the largest part of the balloon in centimeters. (Refer to Image 1 ) ● Convert diameter (cm) into volume (cubic centimeters or same as ml) using Image 2 chart. ● Record the number in the “jogging” data table. ● Repeat two more times , and average the tidal volume. Measure vital capacity: ● Jog in place for place for two minutes. ● inhale deeply taking in as much air as your lungs can hold and exhale it into the balloon. Twist the balloon to keep the air in. Do not tie the balloon. ● Take the string and use it to measure the diameter of the largest part of the balloon in centimeters. (Refer to Image 1 ) ● Convert diameter (cm) into volume (cubic centimeters or same as ml) using Image 2 chart. ● Record the number in the “jogging” data table. ● Repeat two more times , and average the vital capacity. IMAGE 2: Conversion Chart Use this graph to convert the diameter (cm) measurement of your balloon into a volume (ml) measurement.

Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 Body Surface Area (m 2 ) (see letter “d.”) 1.7m Avera ge 4 0 11.7 96.6 Jogging Data Table: Lung Capacity Lab Tidal Volume Vital Capacity Your Estimated Vital Capacity Balloon Diameter (cm) Volume (ml) *from graph Balloon Diameter (cm) Volume (ml) *from graph Height (cm) (2.54 cm = 1 inch and 12 inches = 1 ft) 200cm Weight/Mass (kg) (1kg = 2.2 lbs) 70.6 Body Surface Area (m 2 ) (see letter “d.” ) 2.54m Estimated Vital Capacity (ml) (see letter “e.”) 4000ml Trial 1 4 0 12 1000 2 2.5 0 14 1500 3 2.5 0 12 1000 Avera ge 3 0 12.6 1166 d. Calculating Body Surface Area (BSA) Research has shown that the capacity of a person's lungs is proportional to the surface area of the body. To find your body surface area (BSA ), you will need to know your height and weight. ● Calculate your BSA by using the equation below or view the Body Surface Calculator Online linked on the 3.07 task page and record in the data table. BSA (m 2 ) = SQRT( [Height(cm) x Weight(kg) ]/ 3600 ) or BSA = SQRT( (cm*kg)/3600 )

Human Anatomy & Physiology © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2023 e. Calculating Estimated Vital Capacity from BSA ● Once you have calculated your BSA, use this second equation to calculate your estimated vital capacity and record in the data table. 1. Males: BSA x 2500 = estimated vital capacity 2. Females BSA x 2000 = estimated vital capacity Note: Be sure to calculate for “Resting” and “Jogging” Data Tables. Part D: Analyze and Conclude on Data Analysis 1. Why is it important to measure tidal volume and vital capacity three times and then get an average? To make sure your answer is accurate  2. How did your estimated vital capacity at rest compare to your estimated vital capacity jogging ? Include number values in your response. Vital capacity of jogging : 4000 ml Vitalcapacity of resting : 342 m Jogging had the highest estimated a. Give an explanation for these result differences. The comparison between the two shows that the vital capacity while jogging is significantly higher than the vital capacity at rest. This is because when you jog, your body needs more oxygen to fuel the muscles, and therefore your lungs work harder to take in more air, increasing your vital capacity.   3. How did your measured vital capacity using a balloon compare to the vital capacity you estimated using the formula? Include number values in response. My measured capacity was different from the estimated vital capacity a. Which do you think is more accurate and why? Mines   4. How might an athlete's vital capacity compare to a non-athlete? Explain your reasoning. Athletes already have more lung capacity than a person that doesn't play sports because they are in much better shape and have a stronger respiratory system   Application Examine this data table of a person who entered into a training program. This person's vital capacity was measured over a 60-day period. DATA Day of Vital