557637358_Quantitative_Analysis_questions_2571643730800172

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Ques%on 1 A researcher interested in the gene.cs of human height collects data on the heights in cm of 20 pairs of human parents and their sons from a European popula.on, as shown below. Calculate the regression of son onto mid-parent heights. 1a) What is your null hypothesis? and alterna.ve hypothesis? 1b) Es.mate the narrow heritability of height in this popula.on as a percentage to 1 decimal place. 1d) Interpret the significance of your regression analysis to reach a conclusion about the gene.c basis of human height (max 200 words). 1e) Calculate the regression of son onto mother’s heights. Interpret the significance and meaning of the result and explain the difference compared with the result from 1d) (max 250 words). 1f) Suggest one way to improve or extend the experiment to obtain a more accurate es.mate of heritability of human height. (max 200 words) 1g) The study was repeated in a Japanese popula.on and the narrow heritability was es.mated to be 45%. Suggest and explain two possible reasons why this es.mate differs from your es.mates above. (max 250 words). 1h) Can you suggest a different way to es.mate trait heritability for human height, other than parent-offspring regression as you have performed above? Explain what data you would need to collect and how the data could be analysed. (max 350 words). Ques%on 2 A researcher interested in the gene.cs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) conducts a “case control” study involving 174 cases of the disease and 225 controls. Individuals are genotyped for a SNP at loca.on 8473 in the COX2 gene. The data is shown in the table below. Use the chi square test to test the associa.on between genotype and disease status (case vs control). 2a) What is your null hypothesis? And What is your alterna.ve hypothesis? 2c) What is your chi-square value given to 1 decimal place? 2d) What is your degrees of freedom? 2e) What conclusions do you draw about the involvement of this SNP in the COX2 gene in the occurrence of IPF? (max 300 words). A colleague interested in how the study was conducted then points out that the disease is more prevalent in males than in females. The individuals used in the above study were

classified into male and female categories as shown in the table below. Carry out another chi squared test to test for any associa.on between disease status and gender. 2f) What is your chi-square value given to 1 decimal place? 2g) What conclusions can you draw about the rela.onship between gender and disease status?(max 300 words) 2h) What are the implica.ons of your conclusions in 2g) for your original conclusion made in 2e)? (max 200 words). 2i) Suggest one way in which the study design or analysis could be improved to achieve a more reliable test of associa.on between the COX2 genotype and disease status (max 150 words). Ques%on 3 A researcher hypothesises that gene.c varia.on in the MTHFR gene is related to the thickness of arterial deposits in human popula.ons. Data on the thickness of deposits is collected for all three genotypes at a SNP in this gene, and across different age groups, with 2 individuals for each combina.on. The data is given in the table below. 3a) Carry out an ANOVA (analysis of variance) to test if there are any associa.ons between the phenotype and the genotype or age. Upload the ANOVA result as a table. 3b) The researcher wants to know if there is any “interac.on” between age and genotype in the varia.on of this trait. What is meant by “interac.on” in this context?(max 150 words). 3c) Is there any evidence for interac.on between age and genotype?(max 200 words). 3d) Use your results from a)-c) and the data in the table to describe and explain the rela.onship between age, genotype and thickness of arterial deposits (max 500 words). 3e) Name and brieﬂy jus.fy another type of analysis could be used other than ANOVA to test for associa.on between genotype and arterial thickness phenotype (max 150 words). 3f) There are many other SNPs that need to be tested for associa.on with arterial thickness. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using the “one SNP at a .me” approach your have used above for tes.ng for associa.on between SNP genotype and phenotype (max 250 words).

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